6th Grade CRCT

Social Studies Review

Environment• Natural resources are things found in nature, often used to produce

goods and services. Natural resources are either renewable or nonrenewable.

• Renewable resources can be replaced, if they are managed properly.

• Nonrenewable resources cannot be replaced. An example of a renewable resource is timber, which comes from trees. An example of a nonrenewable resource is oil.

• Human resources represent the quantity and quality of human effort towards producing goods. It is also called labor. Improving the education and health of workers is considered investing in human resources.

• An entrepreneur is an example of a human resource and is a person who comes up with a new idea and takes a risk to produce it.

• Capital resources are goods made by people used to produce other goods and services. One example is the machines used in factories.

Question 1

1. Which number is nearest the Coral Sea?

A. 7 B. 5

C. 8 D. 6

D

Kinds of Economic Systems1. Traditional: In a traditional economy, decisions are controlled by customs, laws,

habits, and religious beliefs. Native Americans worked under a traditional economy.

2. Command: In a command economy, the government is in charge of economic activities. The government decides who will produce certain products and how much will be produced. Some governments even decide who will be allowed to consume a product and how much of the product those people will be allowed to consume. An example of this is a communist government, like Russia used to have.

3. Market: In a market economy, also known as a free enterprise economy, individuals control the economic activities. They make decisions based on the market they are in and on how much they can buy or sell in a given amount of time. In a market economy, prices are determined by supply and demand. Within the market economy the ideas of supply, demand, and prices are used to determine the answers to the four economic questions of "what to produce," "how to produce," "how much to produce," and "for whom to produce." The system has four characteristics:

4. Mixed: An economic system where there is a mixture of government and private ownership. Most countries have a mixed economy. The United States has a mixed economy that is mostly capitalist in character. People are free to own their own businesses, but the government intervenes when it needs to (i.e. increasing minimum wage, preventing monopolies, providing welfare).

Economics

Free Market• Private ownership of property/resources• Business decisions are driven by the desire to

earn a profit • There is a great deal of competition• Consumers have many choices• Examples: Japan, Hong Kong

Economics

Command Economy• Central ownership of property/resources• Centrally planned economy• Lack of consumer choice• Examples: China, Cuba, the former Soviet

Union, the former East Germany

Economics

Mixed Economy• Individuals and businesses as decision makers for the

private sector• Government as decision maker for the public sector• A greater government role than in a free market

economy• Most common economic system today• Examples: India, the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia,

Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Australia, Egypt, Morocco, Nigeria, and South Africa

Economics

Traditional Economy• Allocation of resources is based on rituals,

habits, or customs• Roles are defined by family• People work together for the common good• Little individual choice• Examples: Early Native Americans

Economics

• Economic needs are materials that people cannot live without—things such as food, water, and shelter.

• Economic wants are anything else we desire, which includes entertainment and other luxuries.

• Producers must meet the needs or wants of consumers if they hope to make a profit.

Economic Concepts1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - GDP is the most

inclusive measure of an economy's output. It is defined as the market value of the total output of final goods and services produced in one year.

2. Exchange Rates - Because countries around the world have different currencies, exchange rates are a factor in international trade. An exchange rate is how much one currency is worth when compared to another. Exchange rates are constantly changing in relation to economic conditions in various countries

Currencies of the World

CurrencyU.S.

Dollar

Japanese

YenEuro

British

Pound

Chinese

Yuan

1 U.S. Dollar 1 96.065 .7349 .6461 6.8295

1 Japanese Yen .0104 1 .0076 .0067 .0711

1 Euro 1.3608 130.7252 1 .8792 9.2982

1 British Pound 1.5481 148.7567 1.137 1 10.572

1 Chinese Yuan .1464 14.0662 .1075 .0946 1

Scarcity

Scarcity is the situation where there is a limited amount of goods in a market. As products become scarce, there are less products available to buy. This means if demand stays the same, the price will go up. When products or services are scarce, a lottery may choose who gets the product or service.

Resource Allocation• Resource allocation is the process of setting

resources aside for specific projects, in case of a shortage. This can be affected by the economic system that is in place.

• The government decides how to use the resources. This is called command allocation.

• Market allocation, where the market decides the allocation of the resources.

Four Factors of Production• Land: natural resources and property• Labor: work done by people• Capital: equipment like tools and machinery,

and human capital (knowledge)• Entrepreneurship: the managerial skills to

organize above factors

Question 2

2. Which of the following is the best example of a command economy?

• A. modern Germany

• B. modern France

• C. the former Soviet Union

• D. the former British Empire

C

Question 3

3. Which of these is an example of a landform?

• A. a city • B. a hill

• C. a highway • D. a house

B

Question 4

4. Which word best describes the traditions, customs, religion, and life style of a group of people?

• A. government

• B. geography

• C. economy

• D. culture

D

Government – Distribution of Power

• Unitary– Power is in the hands of one person or group– National government has more power than local governments– Examples: Kenya, Sudan

• Confederation– Local governments have more power than national government– Each region governs most of its own affairs– Regions sometimes consider themselves independent

• Federal– Power is divided between national and local governments– Local governments control local affairs but also obey the national

government– Usually it is the government of large democracies

Citizen Participation• Autocratic

– Citizens have little control over the government– Power is in the hands of one person– Example: Sudan

• Oligarchic– A small group of people control the government– Most people are not able to affect the government– Example: former South Africa (under racial apartheid)

• Democratic – Citizens have more ability to participate than they do in other governments– Government leaders are elected into power, directly or indirectly– Citizens often participate in voting on laws– Examples: Kenya, South Africa

Forms of Democracy

• Parliamentary– Citizens vote for members of the legislative branch– The executive leader (or prime minister) is appointed from the

legislature– Head of government and head of state are two different people– Example: South Africa

• Presidential– Citizens usually vote for members of the executive and legislative

branch– A single person is elected as chief executive (or president)

• The president is both head of government (chief executive) and head of state

Question 55. Which statement is the best example of interdependent countries?

• A. Hollywood films are seen across the country, but they are made in California.

• B. Florida orange juice is sold in New York, Ohio, and many other U.S. states.

• C. Colombia buys cars from the U.S., and the U.S. buys coffee from Colombia.

• D. Farmers eat food that is grown on their land, and they usually sell the rest.

C

Question 6

6. Portugal was the first European nation to explore and start colonies in which area?

• A. West Africa

• B. North America

• C. Australia

• D. The Caribbean

A

Question 77. Which Mesoamerican culture had its capital at Tenochtitlan, where modern day Mexico City is located?

• A. Olmec

• B. Mayan

• C. Aztec • D. Incan

C

Question 8

8. Which of these best describes the purpose of the European Union?

• A. to unite the nations of Europe politically and economically

• B. to strengthen ties between Europe and its former colonies

• C. to force European nations to trade outside of Europe

• D. to industrialize and modernize the nations of Europe

A

Question 99. Which of these is an example of saving?

• A. Morgan works at a company that makes and sells televisions.

• B. Kyle trades his own baseball cards for cards he does not have.

• C. Jan sets money aside so she can someday afford a cell phone.

• D. Max buys something with a credit card that he pays off later.

C

Question 1010. How do citizens participate in parliamentary democracies like Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom?

• A. They vote on every national event.

• B. They vote for the prime minister.

• C. They vote for each government position.

• D. They vote for members of the legislature.

D

Question 11

11. Which of these countries is the best example of a one-party dictatorship?

• A. Brazil

• B. Canada

• C. Jamaica • D. Cuba

D

Question 1212. Which of the following is an example of country with a presidential democratic system of government?

• A. Canada • B. Cuba

• C. Australia

• D. Brazil

D

Question 1313. Why is Australia concerned with protection of the Great Barrier Reef?

• A. The reef is the source of many natural resources. • B. The reef prevents much of Australia from flooding.

• C. The reef protects Australia from being invaded.

• D. The reef supports many different ecosystems.

D

Question 1414. In the 1930s and 1940s, Adolf Hitler was responsible for killing millions of Jews in Europe. This event is known as which of the following?

• A. Holocaust

• B. Cold War

• C. Reconstruction

• D. Reformation

A

Question 15

15. Which human activity most threatens the wildlife of oceans near Australia?

• A. oil removal • B. tourism

• C. overfishing

• D. deforestation

C

Question 1616. Why are landlocked countries at a disadvantage compared to other countries? • A. They do not have access to the ocean. • B. They do not have access to freshwater. • C. They are surrounded by mountains. • D. They have a small area of territory.

A

Question 1717. Which word describes a tax paid on imported goods?

• A. tariff

• B. embargo

• C. currency

• D. sanction

A

Question 18

18. How does Canada's history differ from that of the United States?

• A. It was never a colony of Great Britain.

• B. It achieved independence without a revolutionary war.

• C. It had more influence from Spanish and Portuguese culture.

• D. It has had a longer heritage of democracy.

B

Question 1919. Increasing technology has created new jobs in Central and South America since the 1950s. The result is that

• A. the region's population has shifted to rural areas.

• B. the region's population has shifted to cities. • C. the region's economy focuses more on agriculture.

• D. the region's economy has decreased overall.

B

Question 2020. Jean has recently learned about Hernando Cortés, and she wants to see if her social studies textbook has any information on him. In which section of her textbook should Jean look?

• A. index

• B. appendix

• C. bibliography

• D. glossary

A

Question 2121. In the 1800s many South American countries gained independence from Spain through the help of

• A. Toussaint L'Ouverture

• B. Miguel Hidalgo

• C. Simon Bolivar

• D. Eva Peron

C

Question 2222. The Cold War was a decades long struggle between countries either for or against communism and started immediately after the end of World War II. The two main countries involved in the Cold War were the United States and

• A. Germany

• B. Cuba

• C. the Soviet Union

• D. China

C

Question 2323. Which of the following climates makes up most of the interior of Australia?

• A. rainforest

• B. desert

• C. subtropical steppe

• D. cool continental

B

Question 2424. Which of these was an effect of industrialization in Great Britain?

• A. More people became educated.

• B. More people moved to cities.

• C. More people began farming for a living.

• D. More people were allowed to immigrate.

B

Question 2525. Which of these countries uses the euro currency?

• A. France

• B. Australia

• C. Mexico

• D. United Kingdom

A