6. mr. rishi jain

7/30/2019 6. Mr. Rishi Jain

1/13

R K Jain


2/13

CO2 emission responsible for globalwarming

Development process to go unhalted .

Ways and means to be found for controllingand abating CO2.

Energy efficient technologies, energyconservation , reduction in T&D losses tohelp CO2 emission.

Ultimate solution may lie in CO2 captureand storage (CCS) which can stabilize CO2

concentration at 450 or 550 ppm.

CCS as potential of reducing emission by

85% or more by 2050.


3/13

CO2 capture and storage system

Fuels

Processes

Transport

Storage options


4/13

Post combustion - CO2 separation fromflue gases by chemical absorption with

monoethanolamine (chilled ammonia processunder development).

Pre Combustion - CO2 separation inreformer after gasification of fuel (sorbentsused for separation).

OxyFuel -Separating O2 and N2from air and using O2 to burn fuel.


5/13

Ocean Storage (~nearly 1000 GtCO2potential depending on environmentalconstrains)Geological storage (potential 2000GtCO2).This can enable enhanced oil or gasrecovery.Deep saline aquifers (potential 5-500 billiontCO2 ).Appears to be best long term solution.

Depleted oil and gas reservoirs (good sitesbecause of proven caprock).


6/13

CCS: geological storage potential


7/13

Capture Efficiency - 85-95%

Net CO2 reduction - 80-90%

Additional Energy use -10-40%


8/13

Planned storage (MtCO2)

Canada 20

Algeria 17Norway 20

Nether Land 8

USA 0.0016


9/13

For pulverized Coal Plants cost of CCS couldvary between 61 to 99 US$/MWhr whereas costof carbon mitigation could vary between 30 to70 US$/ CO2 avoided

Cost of Capture 15-75% US$/tCO2Cost of Transportation for 250 km 1-8 US$/tCO2

Geological Storage 0.5 -8 US$/tCO2 injectedOcean storage 5-30 US$/tCO2 injected

Cost of coal fired plant could increase byaround 25% with adoption of CCS.


10/13

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

CostofElectricit

y(US$/

MWh

)

CO2 emission factor (tCO2/MWh)

New Plantswith Capture

New Gas and Coal Plants without Capture

Pulverized Coal Combustion (PC)

Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)

Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC)

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

CostofElectricit

y(US$/

MWh

)

CO2 emission factor (tCO2/MWh)

New Plantswith Capture

New Gas and Coal Plants without Capture








11/13

Lack of real Data

Appropriate Site selection for geological

storage.Monitoring program to detect problems.

Remedial methods to stop CO2 releases

Important to evaluate potential for seepagebased on site characteristics


12/13

It is estimated that fraction retained inappropriately selected and managed

geological reserves may be more than 99%over 1000 years

Release is estimated to be gradual overhundreds of years


13/13

Technical issues Scale up of technology for CO2 separation.

Efficiency improvements in compression of CO2.

Chances of leakage of stored CO2

Damages on account of leakage of CO2

Economic Issues More detail assessments needed to improve equipment design and cost

estimates.

Legal Issues Property rights to underground space for storage

Legal considerations for potential CO2 leak

Regulatory Issues Building a regulatory framework for CCS needed.

6. mr. rishi jain

Documents