6-fmchiii air pollution,housing and noise pollution

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    FMCHIII AIR POLLUTION, HOUSING ANDNOISE POLLUTION - DR. TIU

    AIR POLLUTION

    Major sources Transportation EnginePower and Heat GenerationIndustrial processesBurning of Solid waste

    Air pou!a"!- Substance in air that cause harmful inenvironment

    Si# $os! co$$o" air pou!a"!s1 !"one# $ead% &itrogen 'io(ide) *arbon +ono(ide, Sulfur dio(ide Particulate matter

    %. O&o"e

    • Ground level o"one

    • .e/ ingredient in ground smog

    • Gas composed of three o(/genatom

    • *reated b/ chemical reactionbetween o(ides of &itrogen0&o( and volatile organiccompounds 02!* in the

    presence of heat and sunlight

    Major Sources o' No# a"( )OC*1 +otor vehicle e(haust# Industrial emissions% Gasoline vapors) *hemical solvents

    +. Lea(

    • Major sources*

    o +otor vehicleso +etal processing plants

    • O!er sources*o 3aste incineratorso $ead 4 acid batter/o +anufacturers

    Hea! proe$s 'amage to 5idne/s and liver !steoporosis 6eproductive disorders

    E(cessive e(posure causes sei"uresmental retardation7 behavioradisorders7 memor/ problems andmood changes

    $ow levels in fetuses and /oungchildren result to learning de8cit andlow I9

    High blood pressure and increase

    heart diseases :nemia

    . Par!icua!e Ma!!er /u"0 proe$1

    - :rticle found in air• 'ust7 dirt7 soot7 smo5e  and

    li;uid droplets

    • *an be directl/ emmited to theair or indirectl/ formed whengasses from burning fuels reactwith sunlight and water vapor

    Hea! proe$s :ggravates asthma Increase respirator s/mptoms *hronic bronchitis 'ecreased lung function Premature death

    2. Su'ur Dio#i(e u"0 proe$

    • 'issolve easil/ in water

    • *rude oil7 coal and ore

    *ommon metals li5e aluminumcopper7 "inc7 lead and iron

    Hea! proe$s  Temporar/ breathing di motorvehicles7 electric utilitiesindustrial commercial andresidential sources that burnfuels

    Hea! proe$s Heart and $ung

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    4. Caro" Mo"o#i(e

    • *olorless and odorless 

    •   =ormed when fuel is not  burnedcompletel/

    • Sources> motor vehicles e(haust

    • !ther non 4 road engines andvehicles7 industrial processes7wood burning7 natural sources7

    stove cigarette smo5e7 5erosene7heaters

    Hea! proe$s Heart disease 2ision problems :path/7 headache7 fatigue7

    disorientation :t e(treme high levels 4

    poisonous and cause death *ontributes to formation of 

    ground level o"one 0smog

    Te O&o"e La5er

    • Highl/ concentrated in thestratosphere between 1? and ,?5mabove sea level

    • Protects us from damaging ultravioletradiation of the sun 0 @2 4 B radiation

    • :llows su

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    •  The suns energ/ passes through thecars wind shield

    •  The energ/ 0heat is trapped inside thecar and cannot pass bac5 through thewindshield7 causing the inside of thecar to warm up

    9a!?s !e (i6ere"ce e!:ee" @0oa:ar$i"0 a"( @ci$a!e ca"0e;GLO8AL 9ARMING

    • Is the increase of the Earths averagesurface temperature due to build up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

    CLIMATE CHANGE

    • Broad term that refers to long term

    changes in climate including averagetemperature and precipitation

    E6ec!s o' Goa 9ar$i"0

    • 6ising Sea $evel

    • Increase Temperature

    • Habitat 'amage and Species aDected

    • *hanges in 3ater suppl/

    9a!?s !e proo' !a! 0oa :ar$i"0$a=i"0 pace;Portage *lacier:las5a 11)  #??)

     The/ found out that there is an islandin glacial mountain that can be aprobable source for energ/ e(ploration

    *olorado 6iver Aune #??# 'ec #??% 2irgin forest  &! tress  The/ cut the trees and convert it to

    fuels lot of emission of greenhousegasses

    95 Goa 9ar$i"0 is appe"i"0;

    • Burning of fossil fuels

    • Pollution from coal7 natural gas and oil

    Goa 9ar$i"0 0rap1C, 4 8rst discovered1C?s 4 rise of temperature1C 4 warmest /ear1?s 4 warmest decade on record

    :tmospheric lifetime 4 how man/ /ears thegas remains active in the atmosphere*!#-----------------------------1?? /ears+ethane-----------------------1# /ears&!------------------------------11) /earsH=* 4 #%------------------------#? /earsSulfur he(a Juoride----------%7#?? /ears

    Earths temperature has risen b/ ?,* overthe past centur/

    %. Sea e7eo #?cm rise v/ #?%? due to

    glacial melting and thermae(pansion of the oceans aswater temperature rise

    +. 9a!er Resourceso *hange in global warming

    patterno 'roughts and Joodo Increse domestic demand o

    watero 3ater ;ualit/ ma/ suDer to a

    due to algae blooms. Terres!ria Ecos5s!e$s

    o 6is5 for e(tinctiono +ore tolerant varieties 0cree5s

    and pests will thrive2. Hu$a" ea!

    o Increase spread of certaindiseases 0malaria

    3. Ura" air pou!io" is i=e5 !o 0e!:orse

    o Heat 4 induced deaths are li5el/to increase especiall/ amongthe elderl/

    4. 9ea!er co"(i!io"o Such as storms and Jood wil

    e(act their own costs bothhuman and economic

    I"!er!ropica Co"7er0e"ce Bo"e

    • 6egion that circles the earth near thee;uator7 where the transitions of thenorthern and southern hemispherecomes together

    • 2ariations in the location of the IT*FaDects rainfall in maintaining norma

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    nations resulting in wet or dr/ areas of the tropics

    •  Aan----IT*F----south of the e;uator

    •  Aul/----IT*F----north of e;uator

    Aci( rai"

    • :cid precipitation

    • :cid deposition

    • 6ainfall with PH of less than ,

    9e! (eposi!io"

    • Snow7 sleet7 mist

    Dr5 (eposi!io"

    • Gases7 dust7 smog

    =ormed when o(ides of nitrogen and sul8decombine with moisture in the atmospherema5e nitric and sulfuric acid

    Pri$ar5 Sources o' Aci( Rai"Su'ur Dio#i(e

    • 1?K emission from volcanoes7 seas7spra/ plan5ton and rotting vegetation

    • )K industrial combustion

    • %LK transportation

    Ni!ro0e" O#i(e

    • ,K bacterial action in MMMMMMMMMMMMMM 

    • )%K transportation

    • %#K industrial combustion

    E6ec!s o' Aci( Rai"1 *auses damage to man 4 made

    materials and structures• +arbles7 limestone and

    sandstone can easil/ bedissolved

    • +etals7 paints7 te(tiles andceramic are corroded

    • 'owngrade leather and rubber

    *arvings and monuments instones their features

    # :cid rain can aDect health of humanbeing

    • :bsorbed b/ drin5ing watercrops or animals that humanconsume

    • &erve damage7 severe braindamage or death

    • :l"eihmers disease fromaluminum

    % :ccelerate soil weathering and removenutrients>

    • Seep into the ground poisoningand destro/ the trees

    • 'issolve the nutrients and

    helpful minerals from the soil• Help release to(ic substances

    such as aluminum

    • +ore vulnerable to diseaseinsects7 cold weather

    ) :Dects organisms in a;uatic biomes

    • Serious deformities /oungs

    • Some adult species cannottolerate high levels of acidit/

    • Sulfuric acid interferes with the8sh pro8cienc/ to ta5e ino(/gen7 salth and nutrients

    • +ucus form in 8sh gills

    • $ow PH throw oD balance of saltin the 8sh tissue

    • *alcium levels of some 8shcannot be maintained

    o Eggs are brittle andMMMMMMo 3ea5 spines and

    deformities in bones

    • 6ainfall runoDs caries fertili"ers

    with ito Stimulate the growth

    of algaeo Increase in the death

    of 8sho 'ecomposition ta5es

    up even more o(/gen

    Ho: is 0oa :ar$i"0 $easure(;Ice Core Da!aCO+ A!$osperic Measure$e"!

    o :s *!# increases Temperatureincreases

    Goa 9ar$i"0* Si'!i"0 GearsRapi( E"7iro"$e"!a ca"0eMONTREAL PROTOCOL

    • Signed in 1CL b/ %1 nationspreventing global deteriorations

    • International cooperation to cut theproduction of *=*s

    • @rge all countries to use clean7 low MMMMM7 coal and technologies

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    Our Goa'ecrease use of *!# per /ear

    9a!?s ei"0 (o"e "o: !o re(uce oure$issio"s;

    • 3ind power

    • Solar power

    =uel e

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    1 High intensit/ noise damage in thet/mpanic membrane

    # &oise level of 1#? 4 1,? dB aDects therespirator/  s/stem7 causes di""iness7disorientation and loss of ph/sicalcontrol

    % 2er/ high intensit/ sound upto 1,?dBand above causes permanent hearingloss

    ) :Dect the secretion of hormones, :Dects the brain and the nervous

    s/stem

    +ost adverse eDect of noise is hearing lossPer$issie Dura!io" o' E#posureDura!io" Sou"(Le7e/rs(a51 (8 (8C C, ?) ? ,# , 1??1 1?? 1?,R 1?, 11? 11? 11,1C 11,&o e(posure to continuous or intermittentnoise in e(cess of 11, dB

    Noise E#posure I"(e#  Tells us if particular noise is safe or not 'ivide actual e(posure to noise with

    permissible duration for thecorresponding noise level If &EI is greater than 17 the noise is a

    pollutant

    Ps5coo0ica E6ec!s !rou0 NEI1 +ental and ph/sical fatigue

    $oss in concentration e

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    b Plant Trees and Shrubs infront of building to provide someabsorption of sound

    c $ocate non 4 critical and criticalareas

    d Bac5 to bac5 bathrooms and toiletsshould be avoided

    e Bathroom walls7 Joor and ceilingsshould be sound insulated

    f 9uiet siphon /et t/pe Jush toiletsshould be installedion

    , 2egetation BuDer Fones MMMMMMMMMMMMMMM indiDerent parts of thecit/a &eem7 tamarind and coconuts are

    e(amples of noise absorbing plantsb *an reduce noise up to 4 1?dB

    $egislationa &oise pollution actb *it/ &oise control *ode

    L Education

    HOUSING Permanent structure erected with

    intention of providing a home forhuman beings

    Fu"c!io"s1 Shelter# Secure place% *enter of famil/ activities) 'ecent place

    Esse"!ias1 Safe and su

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    #) Home as wor5place 'welling is also used as wor5place Protected against ha"ards and

    contamination

    Pri"cipe *Re(uci"0 ps5coo0ica a"( socias!ress !o $i"i$u$

    Helps people social and ps/chologicaldevelopment 6educe to a minimum the

    ps/chological and social stressconnected with the housingenvironment

     To reduce unhealth/ ps/chological stresses :de;uate living space MMMMMM and light7

    privac/ and comfort =amil/ securit/ reinforced b/ the

    communit/ structure

    Space for children pla/ sports andrecreation

    6educe e(posure to noise providegreener/ and access to communit/amenities

    Be eas/ to clean and in good order

    Pri"cipe 2*I$pro7i"0 !e ousi"0 e"7iro"$e"!

    Provide access to place of wor5essential services and amenities thatpromote good health

     Three provisions of special considerations tohealth

    1 Securit/ and emergenc/ services MMMMMMMMMMMM Harmful to health7 8re7 rescue andemergenc/ medical services

    # :ccessibilit/ for both preventive andcurative services

    % :ccess to cultural and other amenities0newspaper7 T2 and radio broadcast

    Pri"cipe 3*

    Ma=i"0 i"'or$e( use o' ousi"0!nl/ if residents ma5e proper use of theirhousing can its health potential be reali"edto the full

    Pri"cipe 4*Pro!ec!i"0 popua!io" a! specia ris= 6educed to a minimum ha"ards

    3omen and children $iving in substandard housing

    o @rban

    o Shant/ towns and s;uattesettlements

    'isplaced and mobile population :ged7 chronicall/ ill and disabled