6-fmchiii air pollution,housing and noise pollution
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/17/2019 6-Fmchiii Air Pollution,Housing and Noise Pollution
1/8
FMCHIII AIR POLLUTION, HOUSING ANDNOISE POLLUTION - DR. TIU
AIR POLLUTION
Major sources Transportation EnginePower and Heat GenerationIndustrial processesBurning of Solid waste
Air pou!a"!- Substance in air that cause harmful inenvironment
Si# $os! co$$o" air pou!a"!s1 !"one# $ead% &itrogen 'io(ide) *arbon +ono(ide, Sulfur dio(ide Particulate matter
%. O&o"e
• Ground level o"one
• .e/ ingredient in ground smog
• Gas composed of three o(/genatom
• *reated b/ chemical reactionbetween o(ides of &itrogen0&o( and volatile organiccompounds 02!* in the
presence of heat and sunlight
Major Sources o' No# a"( )OC*1 +otor vehicle e(haust# Industrial emissions% Gasoline vapors) *hemical solvents
+. Lea(
• Major sources*
o +otor vehicleso +etal processing plants
• O!er sources*o 3aste incineratorso $ead 4 acid batter/o +anufacturers
Hea! proe$s 'amage to 5idne/s and liver !steoporosis 6eproductive disorders
E(cessive e(posure causes sei"uresmental retardation7 behavioradisorders7 memor/ problems andmood changes
$ow levels in fetuses and /oungchildren result to learning de8cit andlow I9
High blood pressure and increase
heart diseases :nemia
. Par!icua!e Ma!!er /u"0 proe$1
- :rticle found in air• 'ust7 dirt7 soot7 smo5e and
li;uid droplets
• *an be directl/ emmited to theair or indirectl/ formed whengasses from burning fuels reactwith sunlight and water vapor
Hea! proe$s :ggravates asthma Increase respirator s/mptoms *hronic bronchitis 'ecreased lung function Premature death
2. Su'ur Dio#i(e u"0 proe$
• 'issolve easil/ in water
• *rude oil7 coal and ore
•
*ommon metals li5e aluminumcopper7 "inc7 lead and iron
Hea! proe$s Temporar/ breathing di motorvehicles7 electric utilitiesindustrial commercial andresidential sources that burnfuels
Hea! proe$s Heart and $ung
-
8/17/2019 6-Fmchiii Air Pollution,Housing and Noise Pollution
2/8
4. Caro" Mo"o#i(e
• *olorless and odorless
• =ormed when fuel is not burnedcompletel/
• Sources> motor vehicles e(haust
• !ther non 4 road engines andvehicles7 industrial processes7wood burning7 natural sources7
stove cigarette smo5e7 5erosene7heaters
Hea! proe$s Heart disease 2ision problems :path/7 headache7 fatigue7
disorientation :t e(treme high levels 4
poisonous and cause death *ontributes to formation of
ground level o"one 0smog
Te O&o"e La5er
• Highl/ concentrated in thestratosphere between 1? and ,?5mabove sea level
• Protects us from damaging ultravioletradiation of the sun 0 @2 4 B radiation
• :llows su
-
8/17/2019 6-Fmchiii Air Pollution,Housing and Noise Pollution
3/8
• The suns energ/ passes through thecars wind shield
• The energ/ 0heat is trapped inside thecar and cannot pass bac5 through thewindshield7 causing the inside of thecar to warm up
9a!?s !e (i6ere"ce e!:ee" @0oa:ar$i"0 a"( @ci$a!e ca"0e;GLO8AL 9ARMING
• Is the increase of the Earths averagesurface temperature due to build up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
CLIMATE CHANGE
• Broad term that refers to long term
changes in climate including averagetemperature and precipitation
E6ec!s o' Goa 9ar$i"0
• 6ising Sea $evel
• Increase Temperature
• Habitat 'amage and Species aDected
• *hanges in 3ater suppl/
9a!?s !e proo' !a! 0oa :ar$i"0$a=i"0 pace;Portage *lacier:las5a 11) #??)
The/ found out that there is an islandin glacial mountain that can be aprobable source for energ/ e(ploration
*olorado 6iver Aune #??# 'ec #??% 2irgin forest &! tress The/ cut the trees and convert it to
fuels lot of emission of greenhousegasses
95 Goa 9ar$i"0 is appe"i"0;
• Burning of fossil fuels
• Pollution from coal7 natural gas and oil
Goa 9ar$i"0 0rap1C, 4 8rst discovered1C?s 4 rise of temperature1C 4 warmest /ear1?s 4 warmest decade on record
:tmospheric lifetime 4 how man/ /ears thegas remains active in the atmosphere*!#-----------------------------1?? /ears+ethane-----------------------1# /ears&!------------------------------11) /earsH=* 4 #%------------------------#? /earsSulfur he(a Juoride----------%7#?? /ears
Earths temperature has risen b/ ?,* overthe past centur/
%. Sea e7eo #?cm rise v/ #?%? due to
glacial melting and thermae(pansion of the oceans aswater temperature rise
+. 9a!er Resourceso *hange in global warming
patterno 'roughts and Joodo Increse domestic demand o
watero 3ater ;ualit/ ma/ suDer to a
due to algae blooms. Terres!ria Ecos5s!e$s
o 6is5 for e(tinctiono +ore tolerant varieties 0cree5s
and pests will thrive2. Hu$a" ea!
o Increase spread of certaindiseases 0malaria
3. Ura" air pou!io" is i=e5 !o 0e!:orse
o Heat 4 induced deaths are li5el/to increase especiall/ amongthe elderl/
4. 9ea!er co"(i!io"o Such as storms and Jood wil
e(act their own costs bothhuman and economic
I"!er!ropica Co"7er0e"ce Bo"e
• 6egion that circles the earth near thee;uator7 where the transitions of thenorthern and southern hemispherecomes together
• 2ariations in the location of the IT*FaDects rainfall in maintaining norma
-
8/17/2019 6-Fmchiii Air Pollution,Housing and Noise Pollution
4/8
nations resulting in wet or dr/ areas of the tropics
• Aan----IT*F----south of the e;uator
• Aul/----IT*F----north of e;uator
Aci( rai"
• :cid precipitation
• :cid deposition
• 6ainfall with PH of less than ,
9e! (eposi!io"
• Snow7 sleet7 mist
Dr5 (eposi!io"
• Gases7 dust7 smog
=ormed when o(ides of nitrogen and sul8decombine with moisture in the atmospherema5e nitric and sulfuric acid
Pri$ar5 Sources o' Aci( Rai"Su'ur Dio#i(e
• 1?K emission from volcanoes7 seas7spra/ plan5ton and rotting vegetation
• )K industrial combustion
• %LK transportation
Ni!ro0e" O#i(e
• ,K bacterial action in MMMMMMMMMMMMMM
• )%K transportation
• %#K industrial combustion
E6ec!s o' Aci( Rai"1 *auses damage to man 4 made
materials and structures• +arbles7 limestone and
sandstone can easil/ bedissolved
• +etals7 paints7 te(tiles andceramic are corroded
• 'owngrade leather and rubber
•
*arvings and monuments instones their features
# :cid rain can aDect health of humanbeing
• :bsorbed b/ drin5ing watercrops or animals that humanconsume
• &erve damage7 severe braindamage or death
• :l"eihmers disease fromaluminum
% :ccelerate soil weathering and removenutrients>
• Seep into the ground poisoningand destro/ the trees
• 'issolve the nutrients and
helpful minerals from the soil• Help release to(ic substances
such as aluminum
• +ore vulnerable to diseaseinsects7 cold weather
) :Dects organisms in a;uatic biomes
• Serious deformities /oungs
• Some adult species cannottolerate high levels of acidit/
• Sulfuric acid interferes with the8sh pro8cienc/ to ta5e ino(/gen7 salth and nutrients
• +ucus form in 8sh gills
• $ow PH throw oD balance of saltin the 8sh tissue
• *alcium levels of some 8shcannot be maintained
o Eggs are brittle andMMMMMMo 3ea5 spines and
deformities in bones
• 6ainfall runoDs caries fertili"ers
with ito Stimulate the growth
of algaeo Increase in the death
of 8sho 'ecomposition ta5es
up even more o(/gen
Ho: is 0oa :ar$i"0 $easure(;Ice Core Da!aCO+ A!$osperic Measure$e"!
o :s *!# increases Temperatureincreases
Goa 9ar$i"0* Si'!i"0 GearsRapi( E"7iro"$e"!a ca"0eMONTREAL PROTOCOL
• Signed in 1CL b/ %1 nationspreventing global deteriorations
• International cooperation to cut theproduction of *=*s
• @rge all countries to use clean7 low MMMMM7 coal and technologies
-
8/17/2019 6-Fmchiii Air Pollution,Housing and Noise Pollution
5/8
Our Goa'ecrease use of *!# per /ear
9a!?s ei"0 (o"e "o: !o re(uce oure$issio"s;
• 3ind power
• Solar power
•
=uel e
-
8/17/2019 6-Fmchiii Air Pollution,Housing and Noise Pollution
6/8
1 High intensit/ noise damage in thet/mpanic membrane
# &oise level of 1#? 4 1,? dB aDects therespirator/ s/stem7 causes di""iness7disorientation and loss of ph/sicalcontrol
% 2er/ high intensit/ sound upto 1,?dBand above causes permanent hearingloss
) :Dect the secretion of hormones, :Dects the brain and the nervous
s/stem
+ost adverse eDect of noise is hearing lossPer$issie Dura!io" o' E#posureDura!io" Sou"(Le7e/rs(a51 (8 (8C C, ?) ? ,# , 1??1 1?? 1?,R 1?, 11? 11? 11,1C 11,&o e(posure to continuous or intermittentnoise in e(cess of 11, dB
Noise E#posure I"(e# Tells us if particular noise is safe or not 'ivide actual e(posure to noise with
permissible duration for thecorresponding noise level If &EI is greater than 17 the noise is a
pollutant
Ps5coo0ica E6ec!s !rou0 NEI1 +ental and ph/sical fatigue
$oss in concentration e
-
8/17/2019 6-Fmchiii Air Pollution,Housing and Noise Pollution
7/8
b Plant Trees and Shrubs infront of building to provide someabsorption of sound
c $ocate non 4 critical and criticalareas
d Bac5 to bac5 bathrooms and toiletsshould be avoided
e Bathroom walls7 Joor and ceilingsshould be sound insulated
f 9uiet siphon /et t/pe Jush toiletsshould be installedion
, 2egetation BuDer Fones MMMMMMMMMMMMMMM indiDerent parts of thecit/a &eem7 tamarind and coconuts are
e(amples of noise absorbing plantsb *an reduce noise up to 4 1?dB
$egislationa &oise pollution actb *it/ &oise control *ode
L Education
HOUSING Permanent structure erected with
intention of providing a home forhuman beings
Fu"c!io"s1 Shelter# Secure place% *enter of famil/ activities) 'ecent place
Esse"!ias1 Safe and su
-
8/17/2019 6-Fmchiii Air Pollution,Housing and Noise Pollution
8/8
#) Home as wor5place 'welling is also used as wor5place Protected against ha"ards and
contamination
Pri"cipe *Re(uci"0 ps5coo0ica a"( socias!ress !o $i"i$u$
Helps people social and ps/chologicaldevelopment 6educe to a minimum the
ps/chological and social stressconnected with the housingenvironment
To reduce unhealth/ ps/chological stresses :de;uate living space MMMMMM and light7
privac/ and comfort =amil/ securit/ reinforced b/ the
communit/ structure
Space for children pla/ sports andrecreation
6educe e(posure to noise providegreener/ and access to communit/amenities
Be eas/ to clean and in good order
Pri"cipe 2*I$pro7i"0 !e ousi"0 e"7iro"$e"!
Provide access to place of wor5essential services and amenities thatpromote good health
Three provisions of special considerations tohealth
1 Securit/ and emergenc/ services MMMMMMMMMMMM Harmful to health7 8re7 rescue andemergenc/ medical services
# :ccessibilit/ for both preventive andcurative services
% :ccess to cultural and other amenities0newspaper7 T2 and radio broadcast
Pri"cipe 3*
Ma=i"0 i"'or$e( use o' ousi"0!nl/ if residents ma5e proper use of theirhousing can its health potential be reali"edto the full
Pri"cipe 4*Pro!ec!i"0 popua!io" a! specia ris= 6educed to a minimum ha"ards
3omen and children $iving in substandard housing
o @rban
o Shant/ towns and s;uattesettlements
'isplaced and mobile population :ged7 chronicall/ ill and disabled