5311 5315.output

* GB785718 (A)

Description: GB785718 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements connected with stay assemblies for weighing machines

Description of GB785718 (A)

COMPLL F S1'ECIEICATION Improvements Connected with Stay Assemblies for Weighing Machines We, CHARLES W. RECENELL LEM:ITED, of Olnbersley Boad, [Balsall Seat, Birgingham 12, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The invention has reference to improvements connected with stay assemblies for weighing machines more particularly counter scales wherein the stay is of the kind embodying a resilient or flexible metallic ribbon which ribbon incorporates the hinge lines or fluicra of the stay. The object of the present invention is to improve the construction and the means of mounting the stay to admit of the stay automatically adjusting or aligning itself with the lever system of the scale mechanism so as to enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of the scale. This invention consists of an improved construction and mounting of a stay for weighing machines more particularly counter scales, the stay being of the kind embodying a resilient or flexible metallic ribbon which incorporates the hinge lines or fulcra of the stay, and is characterised by the presence of hollow rivets which fix the ends of the ribbon between pairs of clamping pieces through the bores of which rivets the plain shanks of shouldered pins or screws are adapted to be fitted so as to admit of a limited rotational motion of the stay in a horizontal plane on the pins or screws to provide an automatic adjustment or aligning of the stay in the lever system of the scale. A preferred means of carrying the present invention into practice as applied to counter scales of what is termed the automatic or semi-automatic weight indicating type will now be described with

reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1 is a part sectional elevation showing the attachment of the stay to a leg and the framework of the scale. Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the parts seen in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a plan view of the stay according to the invention. Ihe stay which serves to connect the lower end of the leg 1 dependent from the scale plate of the machine with the base plate or other fised-part Z of the framework is of the kind which incorporates a thin fiat metallic ribbon 3 adapted to be rigidly clamped between a pair of body or middle section plates 4 of the stay by means of rivets 10 and between pairs of rigid end supporting pieces 5 through which end supporting pieces 4 and the interposed ribbon 3 there is passed and fizzed a hollow rivet G of relatively large diameter. The ribbon 3 is of a width equal to that of the width of the central body section plates 4 of the stay and of the end supporting pieces S so as to provide efiec- tive hinge lines or fulcra in the stay to permit of the required oscillatory motion of the stay between its connection to the leg 1 and to the framework 2 of the machine. The mounting for the stay on the leg 1 comprises a headed and shouldered screw pin 7 the foot 7a of the pin 7 (seen in Fig. 2) being of less diameter than the plain shank 76 located between the head 7c and the foot 7a of the pin, the foot 7a being screw threaded and shaped to admit of its being threaded into the lower tapped end of the leg 1 which is dependent from the scale plate of the machine or the mounting thereof. Interposed between a pair of flat washers 8 which are adapted to surround the plain shank 7b of the pih is a spring washer 9 which provides an efficient tightening or nonrotational fixing for the screw pin 7 without involving any damage to the thread of the screw or to the tapped part of the leg 1 engaged therewith A similar mounting obtains at the other end of the stay where it is connected to the framework 2 of the machine. The plain shank 7b of the pin 7 is adapted to snugly fit within the bore of the hollow rivet 6 at the end of the stay through which it is passed so as to admit of a slight or limited rotational motion of the stay on the plain shank of the screw pin 7, when the assembly has been completed, thus the stay can adjust or align itself to the lever system of the scale to enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of the machine. What we claim is : - 1. A stay assembly for weighing machines fore particularly counter scales, the stay being of the kind embodying a resilient or flexible metallic ribbon which incorporates the hinge lines or fulcra of the stay, and is characterised by the presence of hollow rivets which fix the ends of the ribbon between pairs of clamping pieces through the

bores of which rivets the plain shanks of shouldered pins or screws are adapted to be fitted so as to admit of a limited rotational motion of the stay in a horizontal plane on the pins or screws to provide an automatic adjust ment or aligning of the stay in the lever system of the scale. 2. A stay assembly for weighing machines according to Claim 1 wherein a thin flat metallic ribbon is clamped at ohe end between a pair of rigid end support ing pieces of a width substantially equal to that of the ribbon, by means of a hollow rivet, the stay being attached to the leg, framework or base of the machine by means of a headed pin the plain shank whereof is located as a snug fit within the bore of the hollow rivet a spring washer being interposed between the head of the pin and the stay. 3. A stay assembly for weighing machines according to Claim 1 wherein the length of the ribbon intermediate the clamping pieces at the ends of the ribbon is rigidly clamped between a pair of body or middle section plates by means of rivets. 4. A stay assembly for weighing machines more particularly counter scales, the stay being of the kind embodying a resilient or flexible metallic ribbon which incorporates the hinge lines or fulcra of .the stay, the stay assembly being con structed and arranged substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings for the purpose hereinbefore set forth. PROVISIONAL BPEGIPIBTION Improvements Connected with Stay Assemblies for Weighing Machines We, CERL1SS W. BBECHNELL LMDED, of Ombersley Road, Balsall Heath, Bir- mingham 12, a. British Company, do hereby declare this invention to be described in the following statement:-- This invention has reference to improvements connected with the construction and mounting of stays for weighing machines more particularly counter scales wherein the stay is of the kind embodying

a resilient or flexible metallic ribbon which ribbon incorporates the hinge lines or fulcra of the stay. The object of the present invention is to improve the means of fixing or clamp ing the ribbon to the body of the stay and in the means of mounting the stay to admit of the stay automatically adjusting or aligning itself with the lever system of the scale mechanism so as to enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of the scale. This invention consists of an improved construction and mounting of a stay for weighing machines more particularly counter scales, the stay being of the kind embodying a resilient or flexible metallic ribbon which incorporates the hinge line or fulcra of the stay, and is characterised by a hollow rivet fixing of the ribbon between clamping pieces through which rivet or rivets the plain shank of a shouldered pin or screw is adapted to be located so as to admit of a limited rotational motion of the stay in a horizontal plane on the pins or screws to provide an automatic adjustment or aligning of the stay in the lever system of the scale. According to a preferred means of carrying the present invention into practice as applied to counter scales of what is termed the automatic or semi-automatic weight indicating type, the stay which serves to connect the lower end of the leg dependent from the scale plate of

* GB785719 (A)

Description: GB785719 (A) ? 1957-11-06

An improved method for adding ferrosilicon while simultaneouslydesulphurizing or deoxidizing a molten metal or alloy

Description of GB785719 (A) Translate this text into Tooltip

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,719 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Feb 16, 1955. 0 Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. No 4655/55. Index at acceptance:-Classes 72, D 3 G 7 (A:D:0:K:M); and 82 ( 1), A 90 ( 1 A:1 D:1 C:2 B)g 14 B. International Classification:-C 21 b, C 22 b, c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION An improved method for Adding Ferrosilicon while Simultaneously Desulphurizing or Deoxidizing a Molten: Metal or Alloy 1, FREDRIK JORGEN ORDING HURUM, a Norwegian Subject, of Dronningensgt, 50, Trondheim, Norway, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- Cast iron, blast furnace metal and electrically smelted pig iron require frequently a content of silicon above that which results from the normal composition of the burden or charge Such an increased content of silicon is frequently required when producing foundry pig iron for instance. An iron foundry is often called upon to deliver castings with a silicon content above that contained in the metal from the cupola furnace. Moreover in the production of cast iron and pig iron it is desirable to keep the sulphur content as low as possible Certain special steels may also require additions of silicon while at the same time it may be desired to reduce the content of sulphur. The present invention is concerned with a method whereby the silicon content in a metal may be raised while the sulphur or oxygen content is simultaneously lowered without resorting to two different operations. It is common practice to add ferrosilicon as small sized lumps to the spout of the furnace or to the runner in order to raise the silicon content of a metal, while it is common practice to desulphurize a cast iron or pig iron by throwing calcined soda to the bottom of the ladle This use of calcined soda is, however, disagreeable on account of the dust and fumes evolved and for that reason briquettes of calcined soda are sometime submerged in the metal by means of an inverted cup Calcined soda fuses rapidly and leads to the formation of slag inclusions which may give defective castings. In my application No 4327/55 (Serial No. 764,157)-have described a method for lPrice 3/6 l making briquettes

containing burnt lime or burnt dolomite which are rendered reactive by the addition thereto of magnesium in the metallic or intermetallic state In operation the magnesium rapidly evaporates and blasts 50 the briquette into small droplets or a fine dispersion of slag-forming bases which under these conditions will react with the melt as also does the magneseum vapour. The present application deals on the other 55 hand with the use of silicon in briquettes in such proportion that its action will become a dual one, viz, that of increasing the silicon content of the melt and simultaneously facilitating the desulphurization The fern 60 rosilicon will melt and the briquette will dissolve and create conditions under which the silicon will act with a high degree of efficiency in the removal of sulphur. According to the present invention there 65 is provided a method for desulphurizing and de-oxidising a molten metal or alloy whilst simultaneously raising the silicon content of the melt by means of briquettes to be submerged in the melt which contain ferrosilicon 70 as a major constituent and calcium oxide in the form of burnt lime, calcium carbonate or dolomite and react according to the equation: 4 Ca O+ 2 Si+ 2 Fe S= 2 Ca O Si O 2 + 2 Ca S + 2 Fe+Si by which the silicon is present in 75 an appreciable excess which serves the dual purpose of making the briquettes react more energetically and rapidly by absorbing metal from the melt and depriving the briquette of its coherence while subsequently passing into 80 solution of the melt This reaction is alsovalid for deoxidation by substitution of O (Oxygen) for S (Sulphur) The insoluble Ca S together with the calcium silicate, will rise to the surface while the excess of silicon 85 will pass into solution by absorbing iron from the melt and fuse and thereby deprive the briquettes of their coherence and cause the briquettes to be rapidly consumed in the melt to create a local concentration of silicon 90 785,719 which will energetically promote desulphurization and simultaneously increase the silicon content in the metal or alloy. It has been proposed to make briquettes containing such substances as are required for a certain reaction and to throw these briquettes on the surface of the metal where they will fuse and form a slag which in turn will react with the metal Such a procedure is however not so effective because on fusion the different ingredients of the briquette will tend to segregate and the advantage of a correct composition may be lost Furthermore the slag formed will only react slowly with the metal and be exposed to the atmosphere On the other hand a briquette which is kept submerged in the metal by mechanical means will fuse progressively and set free small droplets and particles which will float to the top of the metal and form a slag. These droplets and particles will react very intimately with the metal

whereby the ferrosilicon will dissolve in the metal while the sulphide-forming particles will accumulate on the top of the metal as a sulphide slag which may be skimmed off. The great advantage of using an intimately mixed composition of ferrosilicon and burnt lime or dolomite in such briquettes is due to the fact that the ferrosilicon is a powerful reducing agent and as such is instrumental in the formation of Ca S and Mg S as well as Na 2 S from the oxide in the briquettes or the fluxes The ferrosilicon in the briquettes requires a certain time to fuse and accordingly the desulphurizing action is prolonged over a sufficient time to make it very effective. A small amount of magnesium in the powdered metallic state or as a finely crushed alloy or compound may be added to such a briquette with the result that magnesium will be evaporated in the interior of the briquette and exert a pressure which will tend to shatter the outer layer of the briquette which is in process of fusion Accordingly the consumption of the briquette will be accelerated. The magnesium vapour so formed will not only be effective as a sulphide former, but the vapour will stir the metal and promote a more effective treatment by exposing all the metal to the action of the briquette. Carbon may be incorporated in the briquette in the form of finely crushed coke for instance and the briquette may thereby contribute to raise the carbon content in the metal as is often desirable, the carbon also having a reducing effect and will facilitate the formation of sulphides. Such briquettes as described above for the purpose of desulphurizing a metal may of course be used for the deoxidation of iron and steel and any other metal or alloy While the deoxidation primarily relies upon the formation of Si O 2 by the action of silicon on the oxides of Fe, Mn and Cr present in the metal, it is generally considered an advantage to combine the action of silicon with that of another metal forming a base to enter into combination with the Si O, as a silicate or to form oxides which lower the fusing-point of 70 the silicates so formed The reason is that the products of the deoxidation may be more readily removed from the melt if very fluid. Such fluid particles will act as scavengers. Accordingly, a briquette containing ferro 75 silicon will have its scavenging effect improved if such bases as Ca O or burnt dolomite are present together with the desired fluxes. It should be noted that it is not always 80 necessary or desirable to use burnt lime or burnt dolomite in the briquettes according to the invention Limestone and soda will also give a slag which will desulphurize in the presence of a reducing agent such as silicon 83 or

carbon and will also form a slag of the desired fluidity to facilitate deoxidation. The evolution of carbonic acid due to the decomposition of the carbonates may in certain cases be beneficial because it will carry away 91) hydrogen from the melt during the boil. The decomposition of carbonates does however absorb heat from the metal and the carbonic acid is even liable to form oxides in the metal contrary to the purpose of de 95 oxidation Briquettes containing limestone and soda are easy to make and may be stored indefinitely, while briquettes containing burnt lime require the careful selection of a bond such as may be obtained from the residues of 104) vegetable oils after distillation, but even so the briquettes containing burnt lime are liable to destruction in the atmosphere due to humidity Crystal soda on the other hand forms an excellent bond in the presence of 105 limestone According to the art of powder metallurgy a very high pressure may in many cases suffice to make briquettes without the use of a bonding agent. The behaviour of the briquettes will depend 110 on the fusion of ferrosilicon and this fusion may be influenced to some extent by the addition of magnesium and also on the fusion of the sulphide forming components and their fluxes 115 The fusion of the briquettes will require heat and for that reason it may be desirable to give the briquette a shape such that the flow of heat from the metal to the briquette may be facilitated Since briquettes of the 120 nature mentioned above are only slowly dissolved or consumed in the metal, it would in many cases be a distinct advantage to preheat the briquettes before submerging them. The briquettes are preferably of annular 123 shape so that they may be threaded on a rod to which they are fastened and by means of which they are forcibly submerged in the metal, as described and shown for example in my co-pending Applications Nos 4327 '55130 785,719 and 4944/55 (Serial Nos 764,157 and 785,551).

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* GB785720 (A)

Description: GB785720 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in or relating to measuring heads for gauges


GOMPLETB sSPEGIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Measuring Heads for Gauges We, THE SIGMA INSTRUMENT COMPANY LIMITED, a British Company, of Letchworth, Hertfordshire, do hereby declare the Cinven- tion, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following .statement: This invention relates to measuring heads for gauges. According to the present invention there is provided a measuring head for gauges, the measuring head comprising a base member, a floating member supported from the base member, a measuring anvil carried by the floating member, a conduit leading to an orifice, a needle co-operating with the orifice and arranged to he moved in accordance with displacement of the floating member with respect to the base member, first and second adjustably fixed contacts, and movable contact means between the adjustably fixed contacts, the contact means being arranged to move in accordance with the displacement of the floating member with respect to the base member to encounter the first contact if the gauged dimension is of, or greater than, a first predetermined amount and to contact the second contact if the gauged dimension is of, or less than, a second predetermined, amount, the needle being shaped so that movements of the floating member more than the first predetermined amount and less than the second predetermined amount cause an alteration in the escape area from the orifice. For a better understanding of the invention and to show how the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a cross-sectional elevation of a measuring head taken on I-I of Figure 2, Figure 2 is a partly sectioned side view of the head of Figure 1, and Figure 3 is a cross-sectional elevation of the head on II--II of Figure 2. The measuring head is basically a combination in one case or body of the measuring head described in our prior 'Specification No.

724,228 with the measuring device described in our prior Specification No. 594,450. The present measuring head has a casing or body 1 of electrical insulating material which completely encloses the working parts of the head. The head has a single movable measuring anvil 2 for co-operating with a workpiece. The body 1 is rigidly attached to an upright base member 3 and this in turn is adjustably damped to a vertical base plate 4 which is used as the medium for securing the measuring head to the machine or mechanism to which it is desired to attach the head. A vertically disposed floating member 5 is supported by lath springs 6, 7 from an upright block 8 that is secured to the base member 3. The spring strip arrangements are as described in our co-pending Patent Application No. 1545l55 (Serial No. 780,871). One end of each of three spring strips 6 is secured to the upper end of the floating member 5 and the other end of each of these three spring strips 16 is secured to the upper end of the block 8. One of the three spring strips 6 is shorter than the other two and is located between said other two. The outside spring strips 6 consequent assume an arcuate form concave towards the central spring strip 6. The lower end of the floating member 5 is similarly secured to the lower end of the block 8. The block 8 has three parallel lugs 9, 10, 11 extending from the central portion of the block sideby-side and horizontally towards the floating member 5. The central lug 10 is shorter than the outside lugs 9, 11 which latter extend beyond the floating member, one on each side thereof. The free ends of the outside lugs 9, 11 carry a bracket 12 to which is attached the lower end of a coiled spring 13, the upper end of the coiled spring being secured by a strip 15 to the upper end of the floating member 5 whereby rhe latter is spring urged downwardly with respect to the block 8, A lever 1!6 is secured on a horizontal shaft 1.7 pivotally carried by the lugs '10 and 11. This shaft 17 is perpendicular to the lugs 9, 10, 11. The arm 16A of the lever 16 has thereon a sapphire 18 which co-operates wifth a knife edge 19 carried by the floating member 5. The arm 16B of the lever 16 has the lower end of an upwardly extending channel shaped member 20. secured thereto. One end of a wire spring 201A is fixed to the block 8 and the other end is passed through and bears upon the member 20 in such a way as to tend to pivot the lever 16 so that the sapphire 18 is maintained in contact with the knife edge 19 An upright spring strip 21 is secured to the channel-shaped member 20, the upper end of the spring strip projecting beyond the upper end of the channel-shaped member 20. The lower end of the spring strip 21 is secured to the base of the

channel-shaped member 20 and the spring strip 21 when unflexed lies flush faith the base of the U of the channel section. A metallic screw 22 is threadedly passed through a metallic bush 23 screwed into the insulated body 1 at a location immediately above the floating member 5. The outer end of this screw 22 has a control head 24 and the inner end carries a contact 25 for cooperating with a contact 26 carried on ;the upper end of the spring strip 21. A nut 22A is carried on the screw 22 and a coiled spring 22job is disposed between the nut 22A and the adjacent end of the bush 23. This spring and nut arrangement serves to maintain the screw 22 in any position to which it is adjusted. A metallic screw 27 is threadedLy passed through a metallic bush (not shown) screwed into the insulated body 1 at a location immediately above the block 8. The outer end of the screw 27 has a control head 28 and the inner end carries a contact 29 for cooperating with a contact 30 on the upright spring strip 21. A conductor 31 leads from the bush 23 and a conductor 32 leads from the bush associated with the screw 217., Both these conductors pass upwardly through an insulated sheet 33 that forms the top of the body 1. A terminal (not shown) is provided on the base member 3, this terminal being in electrical contact with the contacts 26, 30 orza the block 8, wire spring 20A, channel-shaped member 20 and strip 21. The floating member 5 has a horizontally disposed paxt cylindricall protuberance 5A on the side thereof that faces the 1AOCIC 8. This protuberance co-operates with 2 V-shaped notch 19A in the knife edge 19 which latter is held against the protuberance 5A by two screws 5B passed freely through the floating member 5 and threadedly engaged in the kn;fe edae 19. iOne of these screws SB is above the protuberance SA and the other is below. By tightening one of these screws SB and slacken ing the other the knife edge 19 can be caused to tilt a slight amount and hence move its point of contact with the sapphire 18 towards or away from the pivotal axis of the lever 16. A horizontal lever 34 is carried on a horizontal shaft 35 pivotally carried by the central lug 10 and the lug 9. This shaft 35 is perpendicular to the lugs 9, 10, 11. Sapphires 36, 3.7 are carried on the arms 34A, 34B of the lever 34. The lower end of the needle 38 of a needle valve co-operates with the sapphire 3.6 and a knife edge 39 co-operates with the sapphire 37. The needle 38 is slidably mounted in a vertical hole 40 through a cylinder 41 inserted in a recess 42 in a part 43 of the block 8. The upper end of the recess 42 is closed by a plug 44. The lower end of the needle 38 projects from the lower

surface of the part 43. A hole 45 in the part 43 communicates with a passageway 46 in the member 3 and this passageway leads to an air pipe 47. The pipe 47 leads to a pneumatic gauge as described in our prior Specification No. 724,205. A rib 48 is formed in the cylinder 43\ the rib forming an escape orifice for the valve. The upper end of the needle 38, which end is of parabolic shape; is passed through the orifice. The upper end of the knife edge 39 is fixed to the lower end of a spring strip 49 the upper end of which is clamped between a block 50 and an element 51 on the floating member 5. This spring strip 49 is inclined so that the knife edge 39 is urged away from the pivotal axis of the lever 34 against an adjusting screw 52 passed through the floating member S'. It will be understood, therefore, that by manipulation of this adjusting screw 52, the point of contact between the knife edge 39 and the sapphire 37, can be moved towards and away from the pivotal axis of this lever 34. The spring strip 49 is secured to the element 51 by means of screws 53 which pass through vertically elongated holes (not shown3 in the spring strip 49. Hence, by slackening these screws 53 the knife edge 49 can be adjusted vertically, The needle 38 has a collar 54 thereon and the lower end of a coiled spring 55 bears on this collar 54, the upper end of the coiled spring 55 abutting against the rib 48. This coiled spring 55 serves to urge the needle 38 downwardly into contact with the sapphire 36 and maintains the sapphire 37 in contact with the knife edge 39. Means 56 are provided for vertically adjusting the base member 3 that carries all the working parts., with respect to the base plate 4. This means is almost identical with the adjusting means described in our British Patent Specification No. 724,228. When an article to be gauged is placed between a fixed anvil and the movable measuring anvil 2, the floating member 5 is moved upwardly against the opposition of the coiled spring 13. Both the knife edges 19 and 39 move upwardly and hence the two levers 16 and 34 tilt The needle 38 is displaced. in accordance with the movement of the measuring anvil 2 and hence an alteration in the escape area of the orifice formed by the rib 41 & takes place in accordance with the gauging movement. The pressure in the air stream on the upstream side of the orifice changes and the level of the liquid in the manometer tube of the pneumatic gauge alters correspondtingly. The channel-shaped member 20 swings in accordance with the movement transmitted to the lever 16 by the knife edge 19 and if the gauged dimension is above a certain value the contact 30 encounters the contact 29 and a circuit between the conductor 32 and said terfinal is

closed. If, on the other hand, the gauged dimension is below another certain value the contact 26 remains in contact with the contact 25, whereby a circuit between the conductor 31 and said terminal is closed. The control heads 24 and 218 are adjusted in accordance with the tolerance boundaries of the article to be gauged., Hence, if the article has the gauged dimension within the tolerance boundaries, the contacts 26 and 30 are between the contacts 25 and 29 but do not touch either of these latter contacts. If the gauged dimension is too great the upper tolerance boundary will be reached or exceeded and the contact 30 encounters the contact 29. If the dimension is too small the lower tolerance boundary will be reached or exceeded ,and' the contact 26 will touch the contact 25. When the gauged dimension is too great movement of the channel-shaped member 20 ceases when the contact 30 encounters the contact 29 and the knife edge 19 'becomes out of contact with the sapphire 118. When the gauged dimension is too small '(and 'when the measuring head is not in use), the contact 2off6 rests on the contact 25. and the upright spring strip 21 flexes away from the base of the shannefl- shaped member 20. The needle 38 is shaped to cause an alteration in the escape area from the orifice formed by the rib 48 and thereby to operate the pneumatic gauge, over a range that extends beyond the upper and lower tolerance boundaries. Hence, when one of the two switches constituted by the four contacts 25, 26, 29, 30 is closed the pneumatic gauge can be read, and the extent to which the article is too large or too small can be determined. The provision for vertical adjustment of the knife edge 39 permits the measuring head to be set up in conjunction with a pneumatic gauge so that the level of the liquid in the tube is at a central position opposite the zero graduation when the contacts 26 and 30 are approximately mid-way between the contacts 25; and 29 (assuming, of course, that the upper and lower tolerances are equal). 'Fine adjustment of the relative positioning of the contacts is effected by manipulation of the control heads 24 and 218. What we claim is: - 1. A measuring head for gauges, the measuring head' comprising a base member, a floating member supported from the base member, a measuring anvil carried by the floating member, a conduit leading to an orifice, a needle co-operating with the orifice and arranged to be moved in accordance with 'displacement of the floating member with respect to the base member, first and second adjustably fixed contacts, and movable contact means between the adjustably fixed contacts, the contact means being arranged to move in accord ance with the displacement of the floating member with respect to the base

member to encounter the first contact if the gauged dimension is of, or greater than the first predetermined amount and to contact the second contact if the gauged dimension is of, or less than, a second predetermined amount, the needle being shaped so that movements of the floating member more than the first predetermined amount and less than the second predetermined amount cause an alteration in the escape area from the orifice., 2. A measuring head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the floating member is connected to the needle by a first connection and is connected to the contact means by a second connection, one of the connections being adjustable. 3. A measuring head as ciaimedl in claim 1, and further comprising a first knife edge carried by the floating member, a first lever pivoted on the base member and connected to the contact means to move the latter when the lever tilts, the first knife edge 'co-operating with the lever to tilt rhe latter upon movement of the floating member with respect to the base member, a second knife edge carried iby the floating member, a second lever pivoted on the base member and coni nected to move the ned needle when the second lever tilts, the second knife edge co-operating with the second lever to tilt the latter when the floating member moves with respect to rhe base member, wherein one of said knife edges is adjustably connected to the floating member, the adjustment being such that the associated lever is caused to tilt when an adjustment is made. 4. A measuring head as claimed in claim 3, wherein both of the knife edges are adjustable in such a way that the point of contact between each knife edge and its associated lever can be moved towards and away from ;the pivotal axis. of the associated lever. 5. A measuring head for gauges, substantally as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

* GB785721 (A)

Description: GB785721 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Air intake assemblies for aircraft propulsion units


PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor: RONALD ALJBERT (GILBERT Date of filing Complete Specification: Feb 29, 1956. Application Date: March 11, 1955 No 7268/55. In Complete Specification Published: Nov6, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 110 ( 3), 1 Gil. International Classification:-FO 2 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Air Intake Assemblies for Aircraft 'Propulsion Units We, D NAPIER & ISON LIMITED, a Company registered under the Laws of Great Britain, of 211, Acton Vale, London, W 3, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and, by the following statement: - This invention relates to air intake assemblies for aircraft propulsion units of the kind comprising an air inlet duct having a forwardly facing annular air inlet opening or mouth from the inner wall of which a solid body or nose, usually of streamlined form, projects forwardly so as to lie in the approaching air stream. Such air intake assemblies are commonly used in aircraft propulsion units of the gas turbine type, particularly those employing an axial, flow air compressor, and the invention may therefore be regarded as particularly applicable to air intake assemblies for such propulsion units, although it is not limited thereto. An object of the invention is to provide an air intake assembly of the kind referred to including means by which the entry into an air inlet opening of particles of water liable to form ice or of ice or other solid particles can be substantially prevented, while yet permitting the entry of air into the air inlet opening. According to the present invention an air intake assembly for a propulsion unit of an aircraft comprises an air inlet duct having a forwardly facing annular air inlet opening or mouth from the inner wall of which a solid body or nose, preferably of streamlined form projects forwardly so as to lie in the approaching air stream, and a series of movable deflecting members having inoperative positions in which they lie close to and form in effect part of the surface of the forwardly projecting body or nose, and operative positions in which they project from such forwardly projecting body or nose so as to lie partially or wholly in front of the annular air intake and deflect the approaching air stream' and solid (Price 3 s 6 d l or liquid particles, which it may contain outwards rand thus cause such solid or liquid particles by reason of their momentum to pass over the outer edge of the annular air inlet opening, while at the same time leaving

between the rear edges of the deflecting members and the outer edge of the annular inlet opening a substantial annular gap through which air can be drawn radially inwards into the air inlet opening. The nose may be wholly fixed or the front part thereof in advance of the deflecting members may be constituted by the spinner of a propeller driven by the unit as when this unit is of the turbo-prop type Preferably the deflecting members are in the form of flaps pivoted about tangential axes to the forwardly projecting body or nose and extending rearwardly from their pivotal axes, adjacent edges of the flaps overlapping one another and their construction and arrangement being such that in their inoperative positions they lie in a recess or recesses in the forwardly projecting body or nose so that their outer surfaces form in effect part of the surface of such body or nose whereas in their operative positions they project in an inclined outward radial and rearward direction from their pivotal axes so as together to form ran annular approximately frusito-conical or frustopyramidal deflecting surface lying at a short distance in advance of the annular inlet opening. In some cases, the outer surfaces of the deflecting members may be coated with a material to which ice does not readily cling, for example polytetra-fluoro-ethylene, thus tending to ensure that when the deflecting members are in their operative positions under icing conditions the particles of ice-forming water or of ice which may impinge on them will tend to be deflected by and slide off them rather than cling to them and form a body of ice on them. The movement of the deflecting members from their inoperative to their operative positions and vice versa may be effected by any 785,721 2 785 721 convenient mechanism but in one example this movement is effected by a series of fluidactuated (i e hydraulic or pneumatic) rams each connected to one of the deflecting members, the flow of operating fluid to and from the rams being controlled by a common control valve apparatus so that the deflecting members are acted upon similarly and simultaneously by their respective rams when they are to be moved. Alternatively, however, electrical or other operating mechanism could be provided. The invention may be performed in various ways, and one particular form of air intake assembly embodying the invention will now be specifically described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a fragmentary side elevation, partly in section, of the air intake assembly; Figure 2 shows one of the deflecting members; Figure 3 is an end view of three adjacent deflecting members when in their inoperative positions, viewed in the direction of the arrow III

in Figure 1; and Figure 4 is an' end view of the same three deflecting members 'when in their operative positions, viewed in the direction of the arrow IV in Figure 1. The air intake assembly shown in the drawings forms part of an aircraft propulsion unit of the combustion turbine type embodying an axial flow air compressor to the air entry of which an annular air inlet opening 10 leads. The power unit in question is of the type commonly referred to as a turbo-prop unit, that is to say is of the type in which a turbine rotor drives a propeller 11 through reduction gearing, this propeller being situated coaxially with the annular air inlet opening 10 and in advance of it The annular air inlet opening is formed between the usual outer circumferential wall 12 embodying a streamlined annular leading edge 13, and an annular inner wall 14 from which a nose portion 15 projects forwardly into the approaching air stream The rear part 16 of the nose portion 15 does not rotate and is rigid with the forward end of the compressor casing (not shown), while its forward part 1-7 is formed by the propeller hub fairing or spinner To the rear of the rear edge of the spinner 17 the inner annular wall 14 is cut away to form an annular recess of substantial axial length in the fixed part 16 of the nose. Arranged to lie in this cut away portion is a series of flap-like deflecting members 18 each of which is hinged at its forward edge to the forward edge of the fixed part 16 of the nose by a tangential pivotal joint 19 lying in the said cut away portion The arrangement is such that each of the deflecting members (of which there may be any convenient number, for instance twelve) when moved about its pivot 19 inwards to the maximum extent will lie flush with the inner annular wall 14, closing the cut away portion and forming in effect a rearward continuation of the adjacent part of the outer streamlined sur 70 face of the spinner 17. The deflecting members 18 are in the form of sector plates of arcuate cross-section and stiffened by ribs or flanges 20 Each deflecting member has a joggle 21 by which an approxi 75 mately triangular edge portion 22 is caused to have a smaller radius of curvature than the main part 23 of the deflecting member, the difference in radii being equal to the thickness of the deflecting member When the de 80 flecting members are in their inoperative positions as shown in full lines in Figure 1, the right hand edge of each deflecting member, as viewed in the direction of the arrow III, overlaps the triangular edge portion 22 of the 85 adjacent deflecting member as shown in Figure 3, so that the deflecting members as a whole provide a continuous circumferential surface leading smoothly from the rear end of the spinner 17 to the annular inner 'wall 14 90 When the deflecting

members are in their operative positions, as shown in chain lines in Figure 1, they spread out fan-wise with substantially reduced overlap, as shown in Figure 4 95 Each deflecting member is actuated by a separate pneumatic ram 24 disposed within the fixed part 16 of the nose portion 15 The inner end of the cylinder 25 of each ram is connected by a ball and socket joint 26 to 100 a fixed annular member 27 of the nose structure The fixed annular member 27 is part of an annular channel 28, and the ball and socket joint 26 is provided with a through passage communicating with the channel 28 105 and placing this channel in communication with the interior of the cylinder 25 below a piston 29 which is slidable therein Connected to the piston 29 is a piston rod 30, the upper end of which is connected by means of a ball 110 and socket joint 31 to 'the underside of the respective deflecting member A spring 32 is provided within the cylinder which tends to force the piston 29 inwards into the position in which it is shown in Figure 1 115 To move the deflecting members from their inoperative to their operative positions air is introduced, under pressure into the annular chamber 28 through any suitable common control valve apparatus and connection (not 120 showvn), thus simultaneously forcing all the pistons 29 outwardly and moving all the deflecting members simultaneously into their operative positions They will remain in their operative positions so long as the pressure is 125 maintained in the annular chamber 28 When it is desired to return the deflecting members to their inoperative positions, the supply of air under pressure is cut off and the annular chamber 28 is vented The springs 32, aided 130 785 J 721 may contain outwards and thus cause such solid or liquid particles by reason of their momentum to pass over the outer edge of the 55 annular inlet opening, while at the same time leaving between the rear edges of the deflecting members and the outer edge of the annular inlet opening a substantial annular gap through which air can be drawn radially inwards into 60 the opening. 2 An air intake assembly as claimed in


* GB785722 (A)

Description: GB785722 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Die forging press


PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: April 4, 1955. 785,722 No 9828/55. Application made in Germany on April 3, 1954. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at aseaptance -Class 83 ( 4), H( 20:4 A 1 f:IC 2:19) M( 9 F:12 87:1552 B:28; 28). Ilternatioual Classification:-B 21 b, B 23 j, k. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Die Forging Press We, BECHE & GROHS GESELLSCHAFT MIT BESCHRANIKTER HAFTUNG, of 31, Peterstrasse, Huckeswagen/Rheinland, Germany, a German Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to forging presses for die forging. Forging hammers or forging presses are used for die forging and with forging hammers the considerable forging pressure necessary for die forging is produced by converting the kinetic energy of the striking rams into retardation pressure produced upon striking. The forging press, on the contrary, operates with pressure produced by a crank gear, bell crank lever or the like, and in some cases by hydraulic means In recent times increasing use has been made of die forging presses which are generally constructed as mechanical crank presses In such presses, a die assembly, having an upper die and a lower die, is used and the die cavities are formed in the facing working surfaces A heated workpiece blank is located in the cavity of the lower die and then the ram carrying the upper die is moved downwards and impinges with its entire working surface on the workpiece In this case, the workpiece is suddenly deformed over its entire surface, as is the case when forging hammers are used, and a thin burr is forced out over the whole periphery of the forging. Very great pressure forces are required for such a forging operation, heavy and costly machines being necessary The wider use of die forging

presses has hitherto been restricted chiefly by the extremely high prime cost. An object of the invention is to provide a die forging press which requires substantially smaller pressure forces for forging a given workpiece than is regiired in conventional die forging presses. According to the invention there is provided a forging press for die forging comprising a frame, a swingable die having an arcuate working surface, a reciprocable die having a 50 flat working surface, which working surfaces are adapted for the location of a workpiece therebetween, and means for raising and lowering one of said dies, said dies being so coupled to driving means that, during a 55 forging operation, they co-operate to apply to the workpiece a limited zone of pressure which oscillates over the whole surface of said workpiece. The die forging press of the invention 6 G makes it possible to carry out die forging operations with only a fraction, generally only approximately to 1/7, of the application pressures hitherto necessary Consequently this forging press is substantially lighter and 65 cheaper to build. One constructional form of the invention is illustrated diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings, wherein:Fig 1 is a side view of the press; and 70 Fig 2 is a section taken through the upper part of the press. Referring to the drawings, a lower die a is of conventional flat construction and is formed with the die cavity at its upper surface 75 The lower die is fixed to the table b which is displaceable in a plane guideway on the suitably widened upper end of the ram c. The latter is guided in a cylinder provided in the machine frame and is adapted to be 80 raised and lowered by a gaseous or liquid pressure medium Provided near the press is a crank gear d which is connected to a motor and which is connected to the upwardly projecting cheeks of the table b by 85 two connecting rods e so that the table b with the bottom die a fixed thereon can be reciprocated in its guideway by the crank gear. The upper dief has a working surface which 9 ( 1 785,722 is curved in an arc whose centre of curvature is the pivot pin g The upper die carried by the lever h is adapted to swing about the ping. The lever h I is also connected to the crank gear d by way of the two connecting rods e' which engage on lateral bearing lugs of the said lever h (Fig 2). Thus, when the crank gear is operated, the upper and lower dies are reciprocated in the jo same directions and by the same amplitude. For the die forging operation, the heated workpiece or blank is positioned on the lower die a The ram c then moves upwards with a light pressure until the blank is gripped between the lower die a and

the upper die f. The crank gear d is then set in operation and the pressure on the ram c is increased. During the forging operation the crank gear remains operative, so that the heated blank is, so to speak, kneaded into the cavities of the dies The pressure acts only on a narrow strip of the upper side of the work-piece, the width of which is chiefly dependent on the radius of curvature of the working surface of the upper dief which moves to and fro over the workpiece during the forging operation. The forging operation is advantageously not carried out in one step but with repeated application or lifting of the ram c whilst the s O dies are reciprocated. The application pressure can be produced in any desired manner, either mechanically or hydraulically It is essential, however, that the application pressure should be capable of being increased during the reciprocation of the dies.


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