507c ewb jhu ecuador

507C – Project Design Compendium

Building a Community Daycare Center Santa Rosa de Ayora, Ecuador

Travel Dates:

May 15, 2008 – June 17, 2008

Prepared by:

Engineers Without Borders - Johns Hopkins University Carolyn Purington and Yujie Wang –Project Team Leaders

http://ewb.jhu.edu

Submitted to:

Engineers Without Borders -USA www-ewb-usa.org

Project Start Date: September 6, 2006 First Assessment Trip Report Submitted: February 14, 2007

Second Assessment Trip Report Submitted: September 17, 2008

507C - Project Design Compendium 09/17/2008

© 2006 Engineers Without Borders – USA. All Rights Reserved of 70

Table of Contents 1. Ecuador Assessment Trip: Team Members .................................................................... 3 2. Overview......................................................................................................................... 4 3. Background..................................................................................................................... 4 4. Community Attributes .................................................................................................... 7 5. Public Health Assessment............................................................................................. 10

Health Assessment Overview ....................................................................................... 10 Public Health Education .............................................................................................. 10 Public Health Survey .................................................................................................... 10

Section 1: Regional Demographics........................................................................... 11 Section 2: Diseases and Illnesses.............................................................................. 11 Section 3: Mortality Information .............................................................................. 12 Section 4: Daily Routine........................................................................................... 12 Section 5: Clinical Resources ................................................................................... 13 Section 6: Education ................................................................................................. 14 Section 7: Transportation/Communication............................................................... 14

6 & 7. Community Needs & Desired Outcomes............................................................... 15 8. Technical Overview...................................................................................................... 16

Background................................................................................................................... 16 Construction.................................................................................................................. 17

Main Edifice.............................................................................................................. 17 The Retaining Wall ................................................................................................... 17

Sustainability................................................................................................................. 18 Lighting..................................................................................................................... 18 Education .................................................................................................................. 18 Water......................................................................................................................... 19

Appendix A: Budget – In Country Expenses.................................................................... 20 Appendix B: Carolyn’s Travel Notes ............................................................................... 24 Appendix C: Technical Diagrams and Engineering Notes ............................................... 29 Appendix D: Rotary Presentation Slides .......................................................................... 41 Appendix E: Information Flier (Spanish) ......................................................................... 57 Appendix F: Photographs ................................................................................................. 59 Appendix G: Works Cited ................................................................................................ 69



1. Ecuador Assessment Trip: Team Members 1. Paul Hu, P.E. Johns Hopkins University Professional Partner Senior Structural Engineer Stantec Corporation 161 Gaither Drive Suite 205 Mount Laurel NJ 08054 Ph: (856) 234-0800 Ext. 8534 Fx: (856) 234-5928 [email protected] 2. Yujie Wang Ecuador Co-Project Leader Biomedical Engineering, Spanish, 2009 Ph: (832) 419-3689 [email protected] 3. Carolyn Purington Ecuador Co-Project Leader Biomedical Engineering, 2010 Ph: (508) 340-1922 [email protected] 4. Daniela Martinez Ecuador Project Coordinator Environmental Engineering, 2008 Ph: (443) 844-4867 [email protected] 5. Benjamin Frison Ecuador Project Team Member Civil Engineering, 2010 Ph: (717) 386-9236 [email protected]



2. Overview Members of the Johns Hopkins University EWB team traveled to Ecuador from May 19,

2008 through June 17, 2008 to complete a second assessment trip of Santa Rosa de

Ayora, a small community northeast of the capital of Quito. Santa Rosa de Ayora’s

current nursery facility is undersized and understaffed for the growing young population,

and the goal of the assessment trip was to finalize plans for a new children’s nursery for

the community. Through team presentations, relationships were also developed with

several Rotary clubs, the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), and non-

profit groups Casa Campesina de Cayambe and INNFA.

3. Background Santa Rosa de Ayora is located outside of Cayambe in the Andean mountainous region of

Ecuador, famous for its flower crop exported worldwide. In the late 1980s, Colombian

flower companies began to expand into Ecuador due to its availability of land, low

minimum wage, and liberal economic policies (Korovkin, “Taming”). Between 1990 and

1996, the value of Ecuadorian flower companies increased rapidly from US $14 million

to US $195 million (Korvkin, “Cut-Flower”). At this time, the demand for flowers

leveled, so the growth of the industry was curbed.

The introduction of the large flower companies to the Ecuadorian sierra brought rapid

change to small communities like Santa Rosa de Ayora. Families once dependent on

subsistence agriculture and migrant work were now able to find permanent employment

close to home. Work in the flower industry was steady year around, and often included

attractive benefits such as social insurance, subsidized lunch, and transportation service

(Korovkin, “Cut-Flower).

For the first time, women were able to find profitable careers. Median pay rate for

women in the flower industries is twice that of pay in other industries. It was found that

men are more apt to share household duties with their wives when she works full-time,



most likely for a flower industry (Korovkin, “Cut-Flower”). This indicates that providing

women with the opportunity to work outside of the house can empower them in their

marital relationship.

However, the opportunities made available by the flower industry come at a cost to

community strength, health, and family ties. Communities such as Santa Rosa de Ayora

rely on organizational committees for functional and social purposes including public

works projects, church, sports, and education. Because the Ecuadorian government does

not provide properly for road and schools, communities are dependent on these

committees in order to provide a functional living place to residents. Over 80% of

respondents in the Cayambe area said that they were members of at least one

organization, but “young plantation workers are several times less likely to participate in

communal activities or hold leadership positions than young peasant migrants and

housewives” (Korvokin, “Cut-Flower”). This presents a problem for future generations,

as today’s youth will not gain the necessary leadership skills made possible by town

committees.

Although flower industry work hours are dictated by Ecuador’s maximum 40 hour work

week, during peak season it is common for employees to work up to 60 hours per week,

not being compensated properly for overtime. Workers are exposed to pesticides on a

daily basis, and “many workers reported what might be pesticide-related health problems

like blurred vision, persistent cough, and excruciating headaches” (Korovkin, “Cut-

Flower”). Although Ecuador has regulations about pesticide safety, they are generally

not enforced within the cut-flower industry (Korovkin, “Cut-Flower”). The pesticide

residues are absorbed during application due to the lack of safety precautions. Serious

hazards include risk for Parkinson’s disease, reproductive hazards and conception

interference, and genotoxic interference (Tenenbaum).

Women who traditionally worked in the home are now away during the day, oftentimes

leaving their children in the care of older female relatives, or as a survey respondent said,

to “simply take care of themselves.” (Korovkin, “Cut-Flower”). However, an analysis of



the neurobehavioral development of children in the Cayambe region showed that only

about 11% of young children were attending children’s nurseries, probably due to lack of

nursery space or family funding. Results suggested that “attendance in day care promotes

child development, especially with fine and gross motor skills.” (Handal). In the rural

Ecuadorian youth population, a high frequency of low gross motor skills (30.1%, 3-23

months old) and low problem solving skills (73.4%, 48-61 months old) were evident

(Handal). As mothers are often working away from home, children’s nurseries are

becoming increasingly necessary in order to provide a stimulating environment for the

children.

It is also common for school-age young adults to begin work in the flower industry.

Ecuador’s labor legislation prohibits hiring workers under 15 years old; young people

between 15 and 18 need written permission from their parents to be hired. (Korovkin,

“Cut-Flower”). However, in a survey conducted in the Cayambe area, 78% of workers

and students began working at age 15 or younger, and 88% did before the age of 18

(Castelnuovo). Different types of employment are available for the younger workers-

working for a subcontractor, working directly for the flower industry, or helping a

relative who is directly employed. Oftentimes adults hire a child to help them complete

their weekly tasks in the allotted time. As many secondary-school students are involved

in cultivation and fumigation, they are exposed to neurotoxic substances that result in

common complaints of migraine headaches (27%) and cephalea (30%). Starting work

at such a young age is hazard to the youths’ health and educational potential.

The United States buys 70% of Ecuador’s flowers, and should take partial responsibility

for the effects of the introduction of capitalism expansion to small peasant communities.

The USA should be involved in the reform of the Ecuadorian flower industry. This

includes major health and labor policy change as well as union formation to protect the

individual workers, but also improvement of the local education and health system. The

EWB-JHU Ecuador team wants to help start this change from the bottom up by assisting

Santa Rosa de Ayora to build a new community daycare center. Providing a nurturing



and safe environment for the children of working parents will enable the community to

continue to maintain its strong ties and effective local government.

4. Community Attributes The community of Santa Rosa de Ayora in Ecuador is a small rural town located two

miles northeast of Cayambe and approximately thirty-five miles northwest of the capital

of Quito. In 1987, the community suffered a major 6.5 Richter scale earthquake which

destroyed the majority of the local infrastructure. Most of the buildings currently in the

community have been built in the last 20 years. Because of the devastating effects of the

earthquake and the subsequent reconstruction period, the community is very tight-knit,

and extremely keen on developing community projects. For example, the community

determined a need for access to drinking (potable) water, and established a ¨Water

committee¨ with a president and board members to oversee the implementation of potable

water system. In Summer 2008, the community worked on the potable water system in

mingas, which is the local term used for communal, collaborative, structured group effort

for community development projects. The mingas work on the projects during the

weekends, when the volunteer workers are free from work. This again emphasizes the

closeness of the community, and the strong desire for community development and

programming.

Santa Rosa de Ayora is primarily composed of an indigenous population dependent upon

the flower and construction industries, as well as subsistence farming for employment.

Most individuals in this community travel as far as Quito for employment opportunities

to support their families. As the community of Santa Rosa de Ayora grows, families are

faced with the daunting challenge of working collaboratively to provide for their basic

needs, as well as providing a nurturing and safe environment for the youngest children to

learn and grow. However, while parents and older children work daily to provide for the

community, younger children are left to attend a small, understaffed nursery facility.

This privately owned nursery, capable of holding about 15-20 children, is understaffed

with only two full time teaching employees. Because of the size constraints, it cannot

provide a safe and healthy environment for the children. Aside from generating



significant public health issues, the limited resources of the facility also infringe upon the

educational opportunities of the attending children. Poor public health and limited

educational opportunities for children can severely impact the future workforce of Santa

Rosa de Ayora, which is critical for the community’s economic and social development.

The current nursery facility is operational year round in the morning from Monday

through Friday. Thirty children between the ages of two and four attend the nursery, and

spend their time in five feet by seven feet classroom. The Santa Rosa de Ayora nursery is

primarily funded by Fundación Casa Campesina de Cayambe (translated as “The

Farmer’s House Foundation of Cayambe”). It is a NGO with the mission to overcome

poverty and to improve the living conditions among the poor and needier groups in

Ecuador. The Fundación Casa Campesina de Cayambe works in conjunction with

Instituto Nacional de la Ninez y la Familia (INNFA, National Institute of the Children

and the Family), a non profit organization dedicated to providing funds for the care of

mothers and children in Ecuador. Despite the noteworthy accomplishments and goals of

these organizations, future programs and assistance to the community are heavily

restricted due to economic constraints. These organizations can help fund the upkeep of

Santa Rosa de Ayora’s nursery, but do not have the capital to build a new nursery for the

community. INNFA determines funding distribution for childcare facilities according to

their pre-standardized, strict guidelines based on the size of the location, the number of

rooms, as well as various comfort and safety features. The current condition of the

nursery in Santa Rosa de Ayora prohibits needed funding for necessary improvements.

With an improved and sustainable facility in Santa Rosa de Ayora, INNFA would be able

to increase funding and thereby positively impact the educational capabilities of the

nursery as well as ensure adequate health and safety measures, ensuring longevity of the

facility. Some of the benefits would include vaccinations for the children, new

educational materials for the children such as books and computers, transportation, and

additional training for staff and teachers. The community of Santa Rosa de Ayora,

however, does not have the funding or the organizational ability to construct the nursery

on its own.



The Engineers Without Borders (EWB) - Ecuador Project is an initiative undertaken by

volunteer students from the Johns Hopkins University chapter of EWB-USA and various

professional engineering partners. Following the EWB mission, an important goal of the

EWB- Ecuador project is to impact lasting change in Santa Rosa de Ayora, Ecuador, and

to form and maintain a strong relationship with the community. The mission of EWB-

USA is to partner with disadvantaged communities to improve their quality of life

through implementation of environmentally and economically sustainable engineering

projects, while developing internationally responsible engineering students. EWB-

Ecuador students are committed toward working with local community members in Santa

Rosa de Ayora to assist in constructing an improved and sustainable nursery facility for

the youngest children to ensure that they have a safe and healthy place for positive

development for generations thereafter. The EWB-Ecuador team is composed largely of

undergraduate engineering students at Johns Hopkins University, along with guidance

provided by a graduate student advisor, a university faculty advisor, professional

engineering volunteers, the university at large, and the national organization of Engineers

Without Borders.

Through the construction of an improved children’s nursery for the community, we

expect a more sustainable facility with increased nonprofit funding, which would lead to

a safer learning environment for the children as well as better-quality education with

additional, improved resources. Some of the sustainable solutions for the nursery include

a rainwater harvesting filtration system to alleviate water pains during the dry season and

a vegetable garden for the subsistence of the nursery. Additional crops could be sold at

the market to cover maintenance costs of the building. Most importantly, EWB-Ecuador

will assist the community in forming a committee to oversee and collect money for the

maintenance of the nursery building. In addition, the community will claim ownership of

the nursery, which will then allow for its maintenance and continued usage in the future.

With continued interaction between the EWB-JHU Ecuador Team and members of the

Santa Rosa de Ayora community, we expect both groups to gain a greater sense of

cultural respect, understanding, and unity.



5. Public Health Assessment Health Assessment Overview The overall goal of the EWB-JHU project is to construct a sustainable nursery facility

that will be safer, larger, and offer higher compliance to local NGO guidelines than the

facility that currently exists. With the accomplishment of these goals, funding for the

upkeep of the children’s nursery will be increased, and an increased number of children

will be able to be accommodated in the nursery. Moreover, increased awareness of the

safety, education, hygiene, and sanitation challenges associated with management of the

facility will benefit the children. The goal of the preliminary community public health

assessment is to determine the baseline health status of the community, so that after

implementation of the nursery, the impact level of the childcare facility on the well-being

of the community can be more effectively assessed.

Public Health Education The plan is to establish specific, necessary public health goals to be implemented for the

children. These generally include:

• Everyday hygiene and sanitation: brushing teeth and washing hands • Disease prevention: focus on the common cold and the cough, administration of

common vaccinations • Nutrition education: importance of food variety, using the food pyramid • Skin care: sunburn prevention and skin cancer awareness • Overall health education: importance of hygiene, vaccinations, and eating well,

introduction to the water and sanitation cycle Public Health Survey Individuals Interviewed:

1. Jorge Arroyo, President of Santa Rosa de Ayora



2. Marco Aguirre, Pastor of Evangelical church in Santa Rosa de Ayora 3. Rosa Pillajo, Preschool teacher in Santa Rosa de Ayora 4. Sr. Arroyo, Community Member

Section 1: Regional Demographics Age demographics:

Total community population 1050 Number of infants (under 1 year old) 50 Number of toddlers (1 – 4 years old) 55 Number of children (5 – 15 years old) 100 Number of elderly (over 50 years old) 200

Reproductive demographics:

Average age at which women start having children

18 – 20

Average number of children per woman 3 - 5 Number of disabled individuals in the community: Approximately 20 – 25

Section 2: Diseases and Illnesses Diseases During the ‘winter’ season, the flu and the cold are both common diseases. In Ecuador,

the winter season is the cold, dry period between May and December.

Malaria is not considered a health problem in the community. This is due to the

community’s high altitude, 9696 feet above sea level.

There is no information on the prevalence of AIDS in the community. Personal health

information such as this is not known widely.



Tuberculosis, however, is a problem in the community. It affects approximately 50

individuals. They typically seek professional medical care in the clinic located in

Cayambe, the nearest city.

Section 3: Mortality Information The most common causes of death are accidents (mostly motor) and natural causes.

Average life span of a woman 70 Average life span of a man 70 Number of births per year 5 – 10 Number of deaths per year 5 – 10 Number of infant death per year (between ages 1 – 5)

1 - 3

Number of female death per year 1 - 5

Section 4: Daily Routine Water The water supply of the community is potable and comes from distribution pipes from the

city of Cayambe. The potable water is purified with chlorine before arriving to the

community of Santa Rosa de Ayora. Water is available to the community for half of the

week (3 days out of the 7). The specific days when water is available is unpredictable.

Wells are not used to obtain water in the community.

Food & Nutrition Typically, there are three meals a day, with no discerning difference between the food

that women and men eat. While a woman is pregnant, there are no efforts made to change

her diet. All women breastfeed their newborns. There are also no food types that are

considered taboo by the community. Typical food staples include rice, chicken, corn,

potatoes, and fish. When cooking, water is boiled and food (such as vegetables) is

washed before using for consumption. Nutrition is not a major concern for the

community. The members are not aware of the food pyramid, and generally eat

traditional foods that are most readily available. It is common for men in the community

to drink large quantities of alcohol. Traditionally, when men work on community



projects such as the current potable water project, they finish their work day by drinking

socially together.

Hygiene & Sanitation Dental hygiene is not a key concern in the community. Only some members of the

community obtain dental care. Toilets are readily available in the community, and many

have been recently installed. There are both internal and external toilets, although

external ones are much more common. No communal sanitary installations exist. There

are no garbage trucks that routinely come to the community. Also, trash cans do not exist

around the community. Trash is simply dispersed on the ground.

Employment Many members of the community are employed by the flower industry, which is a major

source of revenue for both the Cayambe region and Ecuador as a whole. A significant

number of men work in the construction field around the community and nearby

locations, especially in Cayambe and Quito. Some families own shops and stores in their

homes and sell basic items to community members.

Section 5: Clinical Resources There are no medical clinics in the community. The closest clinic is located in Ayora, and

it is a Sub-Center of Medicine. It does not provide a means for hospitalization. It is

staffed with 1 permanent medic, some nurses, 1 dentist, and 1 general practitioner doctor.

The clinic has a constant electrical supply throughout the year. When needed, individuals

from the community go to the clinic via public transportation (bus). For more serious or

specialized health problems, people visit the hospital in Cayambe, the closest town. The

hospital there has the capacity for hospitalization. Another type of medical service that is

provided is called Campañas de Salud, which visits the community every 3 months. This

free service offers health advice and treatment while it travels between various

communities. Approximately 20% of the community is vaccinated. Routine vaccinations

that are given to the children are: measles, rubella, tuberculosis, and polio. The vaccines

are paid for by the government. Medications are obtained in the clinic in Ayora or the



hospital in Cayambe. The medication costs are covered by the government. There is also

involvement from CIDEP (Comite Interinstitucional de Desparasitacion de Pinchincha)

and Ministerio de Salud Publica. INNFA and ACIC-C also provide health resources to

support the community.

Section 6: Education The typical child will attend a local nursery between 2 – 5 years of age. Primary school

begins at the age of 6. Most children finish school at the age of 12 and begin working at

15 – 16 years of age. Children attend the primary school in Ayora, while secondary

school, university and technical/vocational schools, as well as religious schools are

localized in Cayambe. According to community leaders, most people can read and write,

although according to INNFA representatives, the region in and around Ayora suffers

from approximately 72% illiteracy rate.

Section 7: Transportation/Communication Bus is the primary means of public transportation into and out of the community.

Approximately 30 members of the community own their own vehicles. Most families

have a radio and a television, although very few families have landline telephones. Some

individuals own cell phones. Access to the newspaper is very limited, and can only be

obtained in Cayambe. Monthly town council meetings are organized by the community

board, and numerous members of the community attend.



6. Community Needs Upon the assessment of the community, certain needs have been identified by the

community:

• Education

o A new childcare facility is needed immediately. More teachers are also needed to staff the facility

• Health

o A community clinic, staffed by healthcare specialists, doctors, and public health programming for members of the community

• Sanitation

o Establishment of specified garbage collecting locations around the community.

• Water

o The community is currently working on establishing a widespread source of drinking (potable) water. Widespread access to such a system is vital.

7. Desired Outcomes With the construction of the childcare facility, many public health concerns will be

addressed, such as:

• Safety

o The facility will provide a safe environment for the children of the community.

• Education

o With more children in attendance at the new facility, the importance of education can be stressed at an earlier age. The facility will also be able to provide a positive atmosphere for the development of the children.

• Hygiene & Sanitation

o The children will be taught important hygiene and sanitation methods that, at such a young age, will become habit in the future.

• Nutrition

o With a higher compliance to local NGO guidelines on childcare facilities, INNFA will be able to increase the per-day-per-child funding for food



allowance. This will thereby allow for a wider variety of food to be purchased for the children at the nursery, thus diversifying their intake and bettering their nutrition.

• Future expansion o The one story childcare facility will be built with the possibility of a

second floor addition in mind. This will allow for the future addition of a healthcare clinic and other necessary offices on the second floor.

• Sustainability o A vegetable garden will be considered to aid the childcare center with

food in addition to INNFA. Selling additional crops at the market is a possibility and the income could help with routine costs for the child daycare facility. Rainwater harvesting filtration system installed near the childcare facility could help alleviate water pains during the dry season.

8. Technical Overview Background The EWB-JHU Ecuador team plans to build a 12 meter by 16 meter, one story, reinforced

concrete structure with a 5 meter driveway from a major road of Santa Rosa de Ayora.

Although the current plan is to build a one story building, we will design for a two-story

building structure for consideration of future expansion. The proposed first floor area of

192 square meters will provide more space than the current nursery facility, and would

offer roughly 3.5 square meters of space per child for a total of 60 children. The current

nursery facility supports 30 children and measures 35 square meters in area - providing

only one square meter per child. The EWB-JHU Ecuador team is working with architect

Gotairre from the Engineering Department of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del

Ecuador in Quito to determine the optimal design for the building, taking into

consideration the addition of a fully functioning kitchen with an external entrance, the

necessity for a future stairwell leading to the second floor, and layout and structure

requirements as determined by INNFA and Fundación Casa Campesina de Cayambe.

See Appendix C for diagrams.



Construction

Main Edifice The EWB-JHU Ecuador team is planning to construct a reinforced concrete building with

two options: (1) using labor to mix concrete on site, or (2) ordering concrete from the

nearby concrete suppliers, allowing truck delivery. In either case, the team will provide

concrete vibrators that will consolidate the concrete as it is being cast into the forms, steel

joists for temporary support during the second floor slab construction, CMU blocks,

plaster, interior gypsum wall panels, and partition studs. The foundation will consist of 3

feet deep reinforced concrete footings at the main columns with graded beams and

reinforced concrete slab. The second floor will be either 8 inch reinforced concrete slab

or 5 inch reinforced concrete slab on the corrugated steel deck form depending on the

availability of the concrete slabs. Of particular concern is designing the structure to

withstand earthquakes; especially since the town's infrastructure was completely

destroyed by a 6.8 Richter scale earthquake in 1987. Earthquakes in the Cayambe region,

which is located 65 km northwest of Quito and is situated at 10,000 feet above sea level,

are common and can be quite violent. Therefore, the proposed building structure will be

designed to withstand earthquake according to Ecuador Building Code of 2002, which is

based on the United States Building Code. Wind loadings will also be considered during

the building design. Using proper construction standards and design criteria will ensure

the building structure to have a minimum lifespan of 75 years.

The Retaining Wall The particular situation at the proposed project site requires the construction of a

retaining wall to support a 4 meter high cliff consisting of stiff, dark clays, located on the

East side of the building. One side of our building will be located only 3 meters from the

cliff, so it is important to build a retaining wall to prevent mud-sliding during the rainy

season. Original designs proposed a cantilever reinforced concrete retaining wall.

However, after the assessment trip in May 2008, the team explored some alternative,

lower cost options that will suffice because of the hardness of the soil. These options



include: cutting back the slope at a 12:1 (vertical : horizontal) ratio, installing reinforced

concrete grade beam grids at 12 feet spacing, and building stone masonry or 4 inch

reinforced concrete facing between the grids, or using H-piles with wood boards between

them (a more temporary scheme used in highway construction).

Sustainability

Lighting For nurseries around the Cayambe region, lighting is an issue--many of the nurseries

simply rely upon natural lighting for most activities. We will be providing electrical

wiring for the building (there are readily available, public power lines in the community),

but we will design the windows to be large (1.9 meters in width and 1 meter in height) to

cut down the need to use electricity. In addition, the roof of the structure will be made out

of see-through polycarbonate, which blocks UV rays but allows natural sunlight to come

through. The fairly consistent temperature of the region will allow for this design without

allowing the building to get too warm or too cold.

Education The best way to ensure that the nursery facility is sustainable is to educate the community

and to provide the facility with the initial, necessary equipment. To enhance the

educational infrastructure, the EWB-JHU Ecuador team is planning to install five

computers in the nursery for the primary purpose of teaching English to the older

children, aged 4 to 5. While civil infrastructure is poor in the community, broadband

Internet access is available in Ayora, a town located only 2 miles away. The internet

connection could be extended to Santa Rosa de Ayora within the next 5 years. This could

also be a future project for EWB-JHU. Therefore, the computers will be budget priced,

but with internet capabilities. The EWB team will preload appropriate software for the

children and install security measures to prevent theft. A future EWB project could

utilize the expertise of JHU computer science students to educate the children about

computer use.



During the first implementation trip to Ecuador, taking the advice of one of the

professional engineering partners in Quito, the EWB team will hand out pamphlets in

Spanish about proper construction techniques to the local masons in Santa Rosa de

Ayora. In addition, the local masons will be involved with the construction of the

nursery, and during our stay, there will be sessions to better educate them on construction

and engineering methods to properly account for earthquakes. The locals have large,

democratic town meetings every week which would make this possible. In addition,

public health and biomedical engineering students on the EWB-JHU team will educate

the children and the locals on appropriate topics such as hygiene, sanitation and other

health issues.

Water The EWB team is also considering the installation of rain-harvesting devices for the

structure, due to the fact that the potable water infrastructure can be unreliable at times.

The mountainous region of Cayambe has an annual rainfall of about 45 inches, which is

about the same as many sites on the United States east coast. The procedure EWB JHU

has in mind is a simple roof drainage system that will flow into a 450 gallon tank located

on the side of the building, with appropriate filters to insure that sediment stays at the

bottom of the tank and pure water is pumped into the building for kitchen and toilet use.

The town has a sewage system in place, with a readily accessible, public sewage tube that

runs next the proposed site.



Appendix A: Budget- In Country Expenses



Name DATE LOCATION CATEGORY DESCRIPTION PAYMENT AMOUNT Carolyn 5/19/08 Quito food dinner cash $1.00 Carolyn 5/19/08 Quito food lunch cash $10.50 Yujie 5/19/08 Quito food dinner cash $0.51 Yujie 5/19/08 Quito food water bottles cash $4.50 Yujie 5/19/08 Quito food snack cash $3.00 Yujie 5/19/08 Quito transportation taxi from airport to hostel cash $5.00 Yujie 5/19/08 Quito misc. phone call cash $0.09 Ben 5/19/08 Quito food dinner cash $20.00 Carolyn 5/20/08 Quito food lunch cash $8.20 Carolyn 5/20/08 Quito food snack cash $1.00 Yujie 5/20/08 Quito transportation taxi to hostel cash $2.00 Carolyn 5/21/08 Quito transportation bus cash $0.25 Yujie 5/21/08 Quito food lunch cash $15.00 Yujie 5/21/08 Quito transportation bus cash $0.25 Yujie 5/21/08 Quito food snack cash $0.35 Carolyn 5/22/08 Quito food lunch cash $12.87 Carolyn 5/22/08 Quito misc. internet café cash $0.25 Carolyn 5/23/08 Quito transportation taxi from airport to hostel cash $6.00

Carolyn 5/23/08 Quito transportation taxi to Universidad Catolica cash $5.00

Carolyn 5/23/08 Quito misc. telephone call cash $1.19

Carolyn 5/23/08 Quito transportation taxi from Universidad Catolica cash $1.50

Yujie 5/23/08 Quito food snack cash $4.00 Ben 5/23/08 Quito transportation taxi to airport cash $5.00 Ben 5/23/08 Quito misc. phone calls cash $1.78 Yujie 5/24/08 Quito misc. safe key cash $5.00 Yujie 5/24/08 Cayambe food lunch cash $8.00

Ben 5/24/08 Quito transportation taxi from hostel to bus station cash $6.00

Daniela 5/24/08 Quito misc. phone call cash $0.55

Daniela 5/24/08 Quito transportation taxi from hostel to bus station cash $6.00

Paul 5/24/08 Cayambe Lodging hotel Crystal cash $12.00 Carolyn 5/25/08 Cayambe misc. internet café cash $0.50 Carolyn 5/25/08 Cayambe lodging Hotel Crystal - 1 night cash $18.00 Yujie 5/25/08 Cayambe food dinner cash $3.90 Ben 5/25/08 Quito food dinner cash $1.00 Daniela 5/25/08 Cayambe lodging Hotel Crystal cash $18.00 Paul 5/25/08 Cayambe food breakfast cash $9.87 Paul 5/25/08 Cayambe Lodging hotel Crystal cash $12.00 Yujie 5/26/08 Cayambe food breakfast cash $6.00

Yujie 5/26/08 Santa Rosa de Ayora food

payment to Don Marco and wife for 3 meals cash $35.00



Daniela 5/26/08 Cayambe misc. phone calls cash $2.26 Daniela 5/26/08 Cayambe misc. medication cash $1.65 Daniela 5/26/08 Cayambe lodging Hotel Crystal cash $18.00 Paul 5/26/08 Cayambe Lodging hotel Crystal cash $12.00 Paul 5/26/08 Cayambe food dinner cash $7.20 Paul 5/26/08 Cayambe food dinner cash $19.00 Carolyn 5/27/08 Cayambe misc. internet café cash $0.50 Carolyn 5/27/08 Cayambe lodging Hotel Crystal - 1 night cash $18.00 Paul 5/27/08 Cayambe Lodging hotel Crystal cash $12.00 Paul 5/27/08 Cayambe misc. tool cash $3.98 Paul 5/27/08 Cayambe food dinner credit $59.93 Daniela 5/28/08 Cayambe food snack cash $5.00 Daniela 5/28/08 Cayambe food snack cash $3.40 Daniela 5/28/08 Quito food water cash $0.76 Paul 5/28/08 Quito food dinner cash $19.89

Paul 5/28/08 Quito transportation taxi from bus station to hostel cash $6.00

Carolyn 5/29/08 Washington DC transportation Washington flyer bus credit card $9.00

Carolyn 5/29/08 Washington DC transportation Metrorail credit card $3.45

Carolyn 5/29/08 Baltimore transportation MARC train (2 people) cash $14.00 Ben 5/29/08 Quito food lunch cash $8.05 Daniela 5/29/08 Quito misc. phone calls cash $0.77 Daniela 5/29/08 Quito misc. phone calls cash $1.14 Daniela 5/29/08 Quito misc. phone calls cash $1.85 Daniela 5/29/08 Quito food dinner cash $9.14 Ben 5/30/08 Quito food diner cash $10.00 Ben 5/30/08 Quito lodging Hostelling International cash $20.00 Daniela 5/30/08 Quito lodging Hostelling International cash $60.00 Daniela 5/30/08 Quito misc. phone calls cash $4.60 Ben 5/31/08 Quito lodging Hostelling International cash $60.00 Ben 5/31/08 Quito food snack cash $1.34 Daniela 5/31/08 Quito food lunch cash $3.66 Daniela 5/31/08 Quito lodging Hostelling International cash $28.00 Daniela 6/2/08 Cayambe misc. medication cash $0.44 Ben 6/3/08 Quito misc. soil sample tests cash $105.00 Ben 6/4/08 Quito food snack cash $4.48 Daniela 6/4/08 Cayambe misc. phone calls cash $0.80 Ben 6/5/08 Quito food snack cash $2.25 Daniela 6/5/08 Quito food dinner cash $13.00 Ben 6/6/08 Quito lodging Hostelling International cash $55.00

Ben 6/6/08 Quito misc. things to sell at Spring Fair cash $40.00

Daniela 6/6/08 Cayambe misc. phone calls cash $0.82



Daniela 6/6/08 Quito misc. phone calls cash $0.20

Daniela 6/6/08 Quito misc. things to sell at Spring Fair cash $29.00

Daniela 6/6/08 Quito food lunch cash $8.10 Ben 6/7/08 Quito transportation bus to Cayambe cash $2.50 Ben 6/7/08 Quito transportation taxi to Swiss Hotel cash $1.50

Daniela 6/7/08 Quito transportation taxi from uni. To bus station cash $6.00

Daniela 6/7/08 Quito transportation bus to Cayambe from Quito cash $2.50

Daniela 6/7/08 Quito misc. hats to sells at spring fair cash $22.00 Daniela 6/12/08 Cayambe misc. phone calls cash $1.70 Daniela 6/12/08 Cayambe food lunch cash $3.00 Daniela 6/12/08 Quito misc. phone card cash $6.00 Daniela 6/12/08 Baltimore food snack cash $2.00

Daniela 6/12/08 Quito transportation taxi from Hilton Colon to San Carlos cash $4.00

Daniela 6/12/08 Quito transportation taxi from an Carlos to Hilton Colon cash $5.00

Daniela 6/12/08 Quito misc. crafts/items for Spring fair cash $100.00

Daniela 6/13/08 Quito transportation bus from Quito to Cayambe and back cash $3.00

Daniela 6/14/08 Quito transportation bus from Quito to Cayambe, 3 times cash $7.00

TOTAL $1,100.92 Summary of Expenditures Expenses for the assessment trip followed the EWB-JHU funding model. Traveling team members funded their own airfare, and were reimbursed by the EWB-JHU Ecuador account for in-country expenses. For the future implementation trip, a collaboration effort

name days in country status

reimbursement amount

Carolyn Purington 10 undergrad 111.21 Yujie Wang 10 undergrad 92.60 Benjamin Frison 19 undergrad 343.9 Daniela Martinez 21 undergrad 379.34

Paul Hu 6 professional partner 173.87

TOTAL 66 $1100.92 cost per day per person $16.68



Appendix B: Carolyn’s Travel Notes



Monday 5/19/2008 1 pm arrived at Hostelling Internacional Room has 4 beds (2 bunks) and shared bathroom Ate “comida tipica” for lunch ($10.50 for 3 people) Called Antonio using phone card, and planned to meet him at 7:30 pm in the hostel Met with Antonio and his friend Oscar- discussed geotechnical survey He will email it to us tomorrow, he may come to the Rotary meeting tomorrow at 1 pm We all plan to discuss retaining wall with Paul when he arrives to Ecuador Metal/steel exterior, with mixed cement inside The building needs to have space for electric wire Maybe Antonio will drive us all to Santa Rosa on Saturday morning He suggests we talk to the university about soil samples- we will need to borrow some special equipment. Ate dinner at Tomato restaurant nearby (crepes, $21.51 for 3) Tuesday 5/20/2008 Woke up at 8:30 am and had included hostel breakfast- bread, juice, and coffee-milk Yujie and Carolyn tried to call Antonio but he did not answer the phone Walked to Hilton Colon on Av. Amazonas to see where our Rotary club meeting was, walked through Ejido Parque Ben and Carolyn called Antonio and he said he would come to the Rotary at 1:15 pm 1 pm meeting of Rotario Colonial at Hilton Colon (very fancy) Lunch included, Ben made presentation Giti said she could probably donate all electrical supplies to our project Suggestion: flower companies have their own nurseries for the workers’ kids, they should be able to give us money to provide care for their workers’ children Rotario Colonial can only support some materials but not the construction of the building Member Pedro Eccudero says he has a friend/contact in the flower industry, will send along information Suggestion: contact registrar of property in Cayambe to verify land ownership Find name of land donor Matching grant is only for education/sanitation/water so cannot be used until construction is complete PHASE 1: construction PHASE 2: matching grant- they do not want to start this until we have all funds raised for construction Quito Colonial club is willing to oversee project, disperse money from USA Walked to Old Town Quito Viewed La Basilica, Iglesia San Francisco Plaza, La Compania (gold, got tour about Santa Mariana de Jesus), Plaza Santa Domingo, took taxi to El Panecillo Ate dinner at Fruteria Monserrante from Lonely Planet guide Wednesday 5/21/2008 Ben and Carolyn visited Universidad Catolica Pontificado tried to meet with Decano Estuardo Paez met with Ing. Franco Rojas in soils lab



ate ceviche lunch Mitad de Mundo dinner in Ejido Park (extremely cheap) met with Antonio in hostel he forgot the topographical survey again he thinks triaxial test will be expensive he hopes we can get a team of students from the university he has contact in the soils dept. at the Catolica University who he will call tonight there is confusion over what Catolica can provide for us in terms of the soil samples Thursday 5/22/2008 called Decano Paez and talked to the secretary explained the project, she said we should call back at 3 pm if he doesn't reply to the email called Antonio but he didn't answer the phone called nursery: Centro de desarrollo Infantil Bilungue Arco Iris de Saber located on Av. Colon, visited and took lots of pictures of its design and rooms it's a middle class nursery asked them for info on INFA nursery, and we took the bus then trolley to northern Quito found an INNFA nursery, but it was for kids of employers so "deluxe" nursery got info for main INNFA office in Quito lunch at Spanish restaurant- churrascos Ben bought new computer cord Telerifico presentation for Rotario Sur at Hilton Colon they were late because of football game finals there were also 2 american couples there from USA rotary clubs Rotary was very receiving of our project, but they are also busy with their own successful projects Friday 5/23/2008 called Antonio called Dec. Paez Ben was sick talked to man on the phone at Catolica whom we could meet with took a cab there met in Engineering building, and then was directed to Franco Rojas we met with Rojas in soils lab again 3 tecnicos x $50 +$20 transportation = approx $170 for tests actual soil analysis in lab will be free to us picked up Paul from airport Saturday 5/24/2008 met with Daniela in the morning took the bus to Cayambe- approx. 1.5 hr ride ate chicken lunch in Cayambe took city bus to Santa Rosa de Ayora



met with don Marco and family Sunday 5/25/2008 took bus to Santa Rosa de Ayora met with Antonio- he brought topo map on CD on AutoCAD 2008 Paul says topo map is not extensive enough- it needs to go beyond the wall as well. it needs GPS/point of reference in the corner Antonio needs to ask the surveyor to mark this point we need the GPS at this benchmark with elevation and the angle raveled to building site with Paul & Antonio recommends we use 60% rock, 40% sand/gravel instead of standard concrete mix 2 inch max size angular rock sand, cement, reinforced steel construction is much cheaper with rocks (but less safe) about 40% cheaper make sure to poor the concrete while vibrating it- you can rent this machine in Quito buy premade concrete @ 4000 psi estimate how many meters cubed are needed (a truck holds approx. 7 meters cubed) with a truck it will take 1-2 days, 4 people manual labor, it will take 14 days and many more people it is approximately $90 / meters cubed + travel expenses can we get it from Cayambe, or only from Quito? 12 pm meeting continued at Don Marco's house -to make it so there can be a second floor- there will be rebar sticking out on 2nd floor if we use concrete columns, rebar will go past 1/2 way we will have to order and then make this formation, then fill it with cement use cinder blocks instead of solid concrete to make it lighter steel is much faster than concrete for concrete, 70% strength takes 7 days retaining wall estimated cost $15k? current proposed structure is 15mx12m = 180 sq meters. for 60 children this is approx. 3 m^2 per child or approximately 2 m^2 per child of classroom space (not kitchen/bathroom) INNFA regulations: 1 toilet for 15 children 1 sink with 4 faucets will need to do rebar prep for stairs if we are anticipating a 2nd floor seismic considerations: 1.3 here for school 1 for house wind- no consideration took hike up through Santa Rosa de Ayora with Don Marco & family attended town meeting issue of discussion- water problems/division of labor Monday 5/26/2008



9 am- met with lawyer in Cayambe- Dr Luis Arroyo no papers- 4 months to process the community does own the land, just no legal papers 10 am - met with mayor (alcalde)- Sr. Bonifaz when someone dies, land goes to military not municipality land has to have an owner 15 years ago everyone was leaving this area, but now with flower industry everyone is coming back he can help provide building materials from the municipality Santa Rosa de Ayora was destroyed by 1987 earthquake- strong ties in community helped to rebuild it make budget and design, then send to Alcalde can help provide sand/cement/rocks and transportation of materials



Appendix C: Technical Diagrams and Engineering Notes



NOTE: The Sewer Depths will be filled with soil, which will increase the usuable area we have for the building by 7 meters. The parapet, measuring 7.9 meters, will be removed for a driveway entrance of 5 meters. Notice how the back end is 14.8 meters as opposed to the front end of 19 meters. The building will need at least 2 meters of space from all edges of the property for safety reasons.

FIELD MANAGEMENT1)

Usage of Corrugated Slab:

Anthony's Proposal Above (Use a series of Concrete blocks with Rebar Inbetween)

Use Concrete w/ Rebar a)Use Steel with Concrete Fill (Theoretical)b)

(Actual‐‐two C molds soldered together)

Corrugated Deck for spacing for electrical wire)

Engineering NotesThursday, May 29, 20084:09 AM



Usage of Corrugated Slab:

Anthony's Proposal Above (Use a series of Concrete blocks with Rebar Inbetween)

Use Concrete w/ Rebar a)Use Steel with Concrete Fill (Theoretical)b)

(Actual‐‐two C molds soldered together)

Corrugated Deck for spacing for electrical wire)

A picture of the Bolting of the Column Beneath Ground.



SIDE VIEW OF THE SLAB (which would function as The second floor)

I belive that this method would lower costs (instead of using a rebar matrix)However, there is little spacing for wiring to run through because the wholeThing is filled in.

Specifications of Estela Pillajo, current schoolteacher, for the new nursery. 3 rooms for kidspace totally, and 3 bathrooms.

2)

Note: We would rather build the banos Within the structure. Other nurseries have Built bathrooms outside (sometimes out of cheapCeramic materials that fail under wind loadings).



and 3 bathrooms.

Note: We would rather build the banos Within the structure. Other nurseries have Built bathrooms outside (sometimes out of cheapCeramic materials that fail under wind loadings).

It also would require additional concrete.

(SOME OF the designs mentioned calledFor a large cocina and a smaller bodegaFor storage, separate rooms).



Basically:1) The survey must be redone because orientations were not included (our later survey without CAD includes directions)The Survey also has to include the upper 60 m x 15 football field (cancha) that is proposed2)The Retaining wall can be built with aggregate and rock from the area, provided that it is jagged rock. It would cost less.3)The wall will have less pressure capability than the constructive material used in the building.4)

Basically we have a cheaper option. Our current estimate with using concrete and rebar matrix for the wall is 90 dollars persquare meter. What we can do instead is cut the slope back at a 2:1 ratio (this observation was before the Catolica soil tests) (2 up, 1 across) because the soil is a FIRM clay that exhibits plasticity but is safer than more organic soils. Then, we use a matrix of steel beams and columns, and fill in the spaces with 4 inch layer concrete. This should be sufficient, and could cost 25 dollars per square meter.



Other design considerations: There are even more lower cost retaining wall options. The first option shown is your basic wall, what we originally intended. The second option is to use a series of concrete blocks that sit on top of each other and have wires extending into the soil a few meters. The third is to use what is usually a temporary retaining wall in the US, whereby H beams are used with wooden boards/panels running between them.



Rebar chair: we may need this for slab development

Pasted from <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Metal-chairs.jpg>

Joists: We noticed that more important structures being constructed had a joist system instead of a crude wooden system for stability of the intermediate structure. This could be costly if we use them.



Pasted from <http://www.crtimber.co.uk/joist4.jpg>

Below: Similar Design to our 2nd proposed, more cost efficient retaining wall in Quito (Beams and Columns evident with basilica rock fill)

The below wall found in the village is of poor construction. First, the aggregate is composed Of smooth rocks from the river in the village, which is poor concrete design (the concrete doesn't stick). Also, the concrete wasn't vibrated as it was poured into the rebar matrix, which results in pockets of air and inconsistencies. As a result, things chip off.

To make a smooth wall surface, we need to buy a small wire mesh from a local ferreteriaAnd smooth cement over the surface with hand tools.

This is how we will start the project. After leveling, we will dig 1‐1.5 meter ditches for the columns of the structure, with a perimeter of 1 foot depth between the columns. Make the spaces for the utilities and sewage. Fill.



Instead of Using Joists, the community uses wooden networks to hold the structure in place for concrete filling later.

Soil Testing. If you can press your thumb through the soil, that’s bad news. Here on the retaining wall, paul's thumbnail left only an indent.

So if we build stairs, we don't have to build them in the first phase, but we have to leave rebar sticking out of the structure for the balcony and the proposed connection between the stairs and the second story rebar matrix to do this later.



Google maps. Shown below is the beginning of SROSA de ayora. Our site is just out of reach of google maps. It would be useful for planning purposes.

Geologic Map of Rock structure of Ecuador. Orange is Volcanic Rock. Ayora is in volcanic rock.



If we build a one story building, we can use a far cheaper steel structure that consists of steel columns with steel roof truss (simple as shown) which can be placed and sodered by man power (in the states this would usually require a crane for correct placement. For a roof we will use corrugated alternatives supplied in Cayambe.

Propane: Essential for the stoves in the cocina.



Appendix D: Rotary Presentation Slides



Engineers Without Borders(EWB)

� Established in 2000 as Non-Profit.

� Sustainability Projects in Poor Communities.

� Three Objectives:� Sustainability: community can operate.

� Maintain continual relations.

� Provide education for both students and locals.



Johns Hopkins Chapter of EWB

� #1 Biomedical and #5 Environmental Programs

� JHU EWB: Founded in 2005

� Three Current Projects1) South Africa: Irrigation2) Guatemala: Potable Water3) Ecuador: Construction of a Nursery

Santa Rosa de Ayora

Population: 1000 with high birth rate.

Location: 1.5 hours north of Quito. 10,000 feet above sea level.

Destroyed 10 years ago by Earthquake.

Population Increasing.



The Major Concerns:

� Inadequacy of the current nursery for 50 kids.

� INNFA – government nursery organization – limitsfunding due to inadequacy.

� The community has no funding or resources for a project like this. English Literacy = 0%

Santa Rosa Needs:

� A nursery with adequate space and resources.

� A good, acessible location.

� A second level for other functions of the community.

� A retaining wall.

� A support network in Ecuador and in the States.



Nuestra meta:

� Obtener los fondos necesarios para financiar el proyecto

� Comenzar a construir un edificio para la guardería en Enero del 2009, y si es necesario, construir un muro de contención.

� Proveer mano de obra (10 a 15 estudiantes de JHU y un ingeniero profesional de los EEUU)

� Trabajar con universidades y clubes rotarios locales

� Proveer educación a los albañiles de la comunidad.

Our Team:� Biomedical Engineers

� Project Lead: Carolyn Purington ’10

� Health Coordinator: Yujie Wang ’09

� Environmental Engineers� Project Founder: Daniela Martinez ‘08

� Civil Engineers� President of EWB: Linda Wan ‘09

� Benjamin Frison ’10

� Professional Partners� Antonio Vizuete (Structural, Ecuador)

� Paul Hu (Structural, USA)

� David Kozera (Geotech, USA)

� John Malanowski (Structural, USA)



Second Assessment: May 2008

Our Site:



Football Field Above

Proposed Site �

Construction in the Community:

No joists. Wood from local stream used. Bad Mixing of Concrete.



Tipos de construcción en Santa Rosa de Ayora

Baked Methods. Retaining wall: Crumbling.

Site Plan:

� Retaining Wall

Driveway: 5m

The Structure

Sewers



Problem #1: Retaining WallWe can’t build anything until the construction site is reasonably safe from mudslide.

100% hormigon, 0.3 metros x 3.9 metros



Options:

� 100% concrete “T” retaining wall

-Expensive

-The construction could be done very quickly

-Most secure

� 60% concrete, 40% river rock, rebar- More cost-effective

- Not as secure

Manpower: cut back slope

Beams and Columns: Steel



Temporary Construction

H-Beams with Wood

We are waiting on soil samples to make decisions.

In June 2008, the soils lab at the University Catolica in Quito took samplesfrom the site. They are currently being analyzed.



Problem #2: The BuildingDuring our assessment we got a clear picture of the size of the building. However, certain engineering decisions remain.

Floor Plan

The schoolroom for thecurrent nursery

Previous Nursery “auxiliary space”



Plan from the Highway

Driveway

Wall

First Level

Second Level

Resources:

Budget:� The Building: $15,000 - $20,000.

� The Wall: $7,000-$25,000 (Depende de los STP de Un. Catl.)

� Roofing, designing, and educational resources : $3000 $5000

� Professional Partners, Education of masons: $500-$1000

--------------------------------

Total: $35,000-$60,000 (Not including personal costs/airfare)



Problem #3: Stuff InsideThe current nursery has some resources. Yet “educational infrastructure” could be vastly improved.

*Laptops: English, Spanish, Computer Literacy.*Chairs, Desks, Markerboards, Etc.*Books and other Multimedia.

Contact:� EWB JHU:

http://ewb.jhu.edu

� Dr. Bill Ball

EWB-JHU Faculty Advisor

[email protected]

http://engineering.jhu.edu/~dogee/ball/



Thank You.

Gracias.

Materiales Necesarios� Hormigón

� Acero

� Gypsum y otros materiales para el interior y acabados.

� Tubería PVC

� Sistema eléctricos

� Sistema para ventilación



� Infraestructura para:� Agua, Electricidad

� Alcantarilla

� Suelos

� Materiales

� Muro para sostener la tierra

� Organizaciones para ser socios� Universidad Católica

� INNFA + CASA CAMPESINO

� Como Podemos Educar



Appendix E: Information Flier (Spanish)



LA NECESIDAD Contactos locales y conexiones familiares ayu-daron a EWB JHU a identificar la necesidad del proyecto en Santa Rosa de Ayora. Durante la visita de la coordinadora del proyecto al sitio, la comuni-dad enfatizó la necesidad de una guardería. En la comunidad, ha habido accidentes de niños sin supervisión, y no se ha hecho ningún esfuerzo para resolver este asunto.

LA RESPUESTA DE EWB JHU El Alcance del Proyecto En esencia, la comunidad quiere un edificio de dos pisos y un cuarto que tenga las medidas de 12 x 16 metros cuadrados. El primer piso va a ser utilizado como una guardería y un lugar para el consejo municipal. EWB-JHU está ayudando a la comuni-dad con el planeamiento y la implementación del primer piso. Dos o tres años después, la comuni-dad decidirá si quiere el segundo piso para hacer un centro de salud, una oficina de servicios públi-cos, o la policía. Cerca al terreno para el edificio, hay unos puntos de acceso para agua potable y alcantarillado. Estos van a ser usados para insta-lar dos lavabos y un baño en el edificio.

La Evaluación del Sitio Para hacer el plano del edificio, el grupo tuvo que recolectar suficiente información del sitio. Algunas muestras del agua y de la tierra fueron analizadas en los Estados Unidos después de la evaluación del sitio. El grupo de EWB-JHU obtuvo los precios de los materiales y de su transporta-ción a Santa Rosa desde Cayambe, una ciudad cercana. El grupo también estableció e intensificó la relación con la comunidad. Durante la evaluación del sitio, EWB-JHU también se puso en contacto con una Facultad de Ingeniería en Quito la cual accedió a proveer trabajo y prestar equipo para la implementación. Esta Facultad también accedió a verificar el plano de la guardería para asegurar una construcción segura.

EN ADELANTE El próximo paso de EWB-JHU es dise-ñar el plano de la guardería, y también, continuar la comunicación con la comuni-dad en Ecuador. Actualmente, los miem-bros de EWB-JHU están trabajando con ingenieros para diseñar una guardería segura y fuerte. El grupo va a viajar a Ecuador este primavera y verano para comenzar la construcción y evaluar las necesidades de la comunidad, como el agua y el saneamiento.

CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UNA GUARDERÍA

Santa Rosa de Ayora está situada aproximadamente a una hora fuera de Quito, la capital del Ecuador.

SANTA ROSA DE AYORA, ECUADOR

Los niños de Santa Rosa de Ayora, Ecuador tomando un descanso de sus estudios..

Miembros de EWB-JHU en el sitio..

SUMARIO La comunidad de Santa Rosa de Ayora tiene una po-blación de 1000 personas, y tiene una iglesia y un jardín de infantes. Actualmente, no tiene una guardería para niños pe-queños. Los padres tienen que trabajar, y por esta razón los niños se quedan solos en sus casas. El proyecto tiene varios objetivos. El edificio va a ser una guardería durante el día y por la tarde va a ser un lugar para el Consejo Municipal. Después de dos o tres años, la comunidad hará planes para añadir un segundo piso el cual será un centro medico, una oficina de servicios públicos o un retén policial.

INFORMACIÓN ADICIONAL EWB-USA: http://www.ewb-usa.org EWB-JHU: http://ewb.jhu.edu Página web del proyecto de Ecuador: http://ecuadorprojectjhu.googlepages.com

Contactos: Carolyn Purington & Yujie Wang

Correo electrónico: [email protected] &

[email protected]

Enviar donativos a “Johns Hopkins Uni-versity” con “EWB-JHU Ecuador Pro-ject” en el espacio de notas Engineers Without Borders - JHU Chapter

3400 North Charles Street, 126 NEB Baltimore, MD 21218

Ingenieros Sin FronterasTM-USA (EWB-USA) es una

organización sin fines de lucro que nació en el 2000, y

su fin es colaborar con comunidades en todo el mundo

para mejorar la calidad de vida.

El capítulo de EWB JHU de La Universidad Johns

Hopkins, nació en el 2005. Este trata de realizar estas

metas a través de la asociación entre estudiantes,

profesores y expertos.



Appendix F: Photographs



Section 1: Site Survey in Santa Rosa de Ayora

Paul measures the cliff height on the site.

The team measuring the cliff height on the site.



Carolyn and Daniela discussing site measurements with Paul and Antonio.

The ravine on one corner of the site. The community has plans to run sewage and potable water pipes through it.



Section 2: Soil Sampling with P.U.C.E.

Soils and Materials Laboratory at P.U.C.E. (Pontifico Universidad Catolica Quito)

Technical engineers from P.U.C.E. make a site visit to obtain soil samples for analysis.



The technical engineering team from P.U.C.E. obtaining soil samples from the site. Section 3: Community

Ben with some schoolchildren from the community.



The landscape of Santa Rosa de Ayora.

Daniela with Don Marco, wife, and children from the community.



The preschool teacher and her assistant with children at the current nursery in the community.

The community members work in mingas (collaborative groups) to implement a potable water system for the community.



Daniela with a child from the community.

The president of the community (Presidente Arroyo) and the preschool assistant with the children in the current nursery facility in the community.



Section 4: Presentations and Visits in Quito

A nutrition poster at an INNFA nursery in Quito.

A private nursery in Quito.



Ben and Yujie with a nursery teacher at a private nursery in Quito.

The EWB-JHU team on Carolyn and Yujie’s last night in Quito.



Appendix G: Works Cited



Castelnuovo, Cecilia. “Ecuador Child Labour in Flower Plantations: A Rapid Assessment.” International Labour Organization International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC). Handal AJ, Lozoff B, Breilh J, Harlow SD. “Sociodemographic and nutritional correlates of neurobehavioral development: a study of young children in a rural region of Ecuador.” Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2007;21(5):292–300. Korovkin, Tanya. “Cut-Flower Exports, Female Labor, and Community Participation in Highland Ecuador.” Latin American Perspectives 2003; 30; 18 Korovkin, Tanya. “Taming Capitalism: The Evolution of the Indigenous Peasant Economy in Northern Ecuador.” Latin American Research Review. Vol. 32, No. 3, (1997), pp. 89-110. Tenenbaum, David. “Would a Rose Not Smell As Sweet?: Problems Stem from the Cut Flower Industry.” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 110, No. 5, (May, 2002), pp. A240-A247.



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