Advanced English: TOEIC 6

PERFECT CONDITIONAL, CONTINUOUS PART 2

ACTIVE / PASSIVEExamples:

George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. ActiveMany cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license. (Passive) Future Perfect Future Perfect has two different forms: "will have done" and "be going to have done." Unlike Simple Future forms, Future Perfect forms are usually interchangeable.FORM Future Perfect with "Will »[will have + past participle]

Examples:  You will have perfected your English by the time you come back from the

U.S. Will you have perfected your English by the time you come back from the

U.S.? You will not have perfected your English by the time you come back from

the U.S. FORM Future Perfect with "Be Going To" [am/is/are + going to have + past participle]Examples:  You are going to have perfected your English by the time you come back

from the U.S. Are you going to have perfected your English by the time you come back

from the U.S.? You are not going to have perfected your English by the time you come

back from the U.S.

USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the Future

The Future Perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in the future. It can also show that something will happen before a specific time in the future.

 

Examples:

  By next November, I will have received my promotion. By the time he gets home, she is going to have cleaned the

entire house. I am not going to have finished this test by 3 o'clock.

Will she have learned enough Chinese to communicate before she moves to Beijing?

Sam is probably going to have completed the proposal by the time he leaves this afternoon.

By the time I finish this course, I will have taken ten tests.

How many countries are you going to have visited by the time you turn 50?

Notice in the examples above that the reference points are in Simple Present rather than Simple Future. This is because the interruptions are in time clauses, and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.

USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Future (Non-Continuous Verbs)

With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Future Perfect to show that something will continue up until another action in the future.

 

Examples: I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave. By Monday, Susan is going to have had my book for a

week. 

Although the above use of Future Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.

REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses

 

Like all future forms, the Future Perfect cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Future Perfect, Present Perfect is used.

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

 

Examples:  You will only have learned a few words. Will you only have learned a few words?  You are only going to have learned a few words. Are you only going to have learned a few words?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

They will have completed the project before the deadline. Active

The project will have been completed before the deadline. Passive

 

They are going to have completed the project before the deadline. Active

The project is going to have been completed before the deadline. Passive

Reading Comprehension

YOU WILL HAVE TWENTY-FIVE MINUTES TO COMPLETE PARTS 5, 6 AND 7 OF THE TEST.

In this section of the test, you will have a chance to show how well you understand written English. There are three parts to this section, with special directions for each part.

PART 5 Directions: Questions 41 - 52 are incomplete sentences. Four words

or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), (D), are given beneath each sentence. You are to choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and mark your answer.

You will read:

Always check for traffic before ------- the road.

A. cross B. to cross C. crossing D. will cross

The sentence should read, " Always check for traffic before crossing the road." Therefore, you should choose answer (C).

Now, begin work on the questions.

The company has been operating successfully ------- the last 16 years.

A. during B. for C. since D. from

Rapid software development is forcing companies to ------- their computers.

A. modern B. modernization C. modernize D. modernizing

His new boss allowed him ------- a day off to visit his mother in hospital

A. have B. to have C. having D. had

Most customers learn about new products --- advertisements.

A. from B. because C. by D. to

45. Please send the new documents to ------- by email.

A. they B. their C. theirs D. them

46. The manager of the shop said that he would ------- the customer's problem.

A. look upB. look into C. look around D. look for

47. ------- we are running at full capacity, we cannot fill our existing orders.

A. Because B. However C. Despite D. Although

48. The sales director is the person ------- should speak to you about this matter.

A. that B. when C. which D. whose

9. A temporary employee will ------- me while I am away on holiday.

A. fill in for B. take over C. make do with D. take on

50. Please come back to see me ------- 20 minutes.

A. by B. before C. at D. in

51. Would you please ------- the next applicant to come in.

A. ask B. demand C. say D. talk to

52. Mr Johnson was relieved that the difficult part of the job was coming to ------- .

A. a final B. a finishing C. an ending D. an end

The Director

International English Institute

71 Bealey Avenue

Christchurch

Dear Sir,

Re:Festival of Japan

Preparation is currently under way for the 2004 Festival of Japan to be held from the 16 - 25 August.

The festival is an unprecedented opportunity to put the culture and arts of Japan on show and it has a wide program that relies on support from the Japanese community here in Christchurch as well as international visitors and groups.

We are currently approaching groups and individuals in the community who may wish to be involved in some way with the festival, either running their own event, being part of an event, or contributing volunteers.

All the events and activities are coordinated by The Events Company and we can make all the necessary arrangements needed to run the event. I have attached a draft program for the festival this year. Should either your school as a whole or any of your students wish to be involved in any way, please don't hesitate to contact me. To register, I have attached an event registration form.

Every year, New Zealand welcomes thousands of new residents, workers, students, businesses and visitors. The New Zealand Immigration Service is here to assist those who qualify for entry to New Zealand.

New Zealand is an exciting place to live, work and play, but moving to a new country can be challenging. So, before exploring the range of policies under which you may qualify to enter New Zealand, we recommend that you thoroughly research different aspects of living in New Zealand, including health, education, housing, employment and community networks. Living in New Zealand - a guide for Migrants and The Ethnic Community Directory are designed to help you do just this.

If you are considering doing business in New Zealand, our website www.movetonz.govt.nz will provide you with a range of information about the New Zealand business environment and regulations.

Modern day bungy jumpers got the idea from a ritual that happens on the islands of Vanuatu, in the South West Pacific. Men bungy jump from bamboo towers about 35 meters high with springy vines tied to their feet. The ritual is called the Naghoi Ceremony and it is supposed to guarantee a good crop harvest. It also acts as an initiation ceremony for young men.

New Zealand's premier ski area company nzski.com has launched its hugely popular nzskipass, offering unlimited skiing and riding at Coronet Peak and The Remarkables in Queenstown, Canterbury's Mt Hutt, and Ohau Snow Fields in North Otago for the 2004 season.

When purchased online, the early season price of an adult (18 to 64) nzskipass will remain the same as last year at $499, the cost for students is $100 less than last year at $399, and youths (aged seven to 17) and seniors (65 to 74 years) will pay just $249 for the season.

Children aged six and under at Coronet Peak and Mt Hutt will continue to receive a free day lift pass, and children aged 10 and under will receive a free day lift pass at The Remarkables. For total convenience, children six and under can be issued with an nzskipass season pass for just a $25 administration fee.

STEP 1 Scratch the silver panel to reveal your 10-digit card pin number.

STEP 2 Dial the local access number from a landline phone (or 0800 777 125 if local access not available) or 0800 777 872 from a cellphone.

STEP 3 You will be greeted with a recorded voice, follow the voice prompts, when asked enter your 10 digit number. If your 10 digit number is not recognised you will be asked again to re-enter it.

Once it has been accepted dial the number you need including the local area code for calls within New Zealand for instance Auckland (09) then the local number, the same applies to an international call, you must dial the code from New Zealand which is 00 then the code for the country you are calling eg Switzerland 41, so the number would be 0041 followed by the code for the town you are calling eg Geneva 22, followed by the local number so your dialled numbers would look like this:

0041 22 888 8888 (sample number only)

NZ voted safest, not most boring, travel destination

New Zealand has been rated by travellers as the safest nation on Earth, but the British travel magazine behind the award has adamantly denied it means New Zealand is boring.

Wanderlust magazine polled its readers about the best countries on Earth and awarded the top spot to Namibia, knocking New Zealand off the overall No. 1 rating from last year.

But the one category where New Zealand maintains its No. 1 rating is safety, outpolling even Switzerland and Singapore.

Wanderlust editor Lyn Hughes said the safety award "emphatically doesn't mean boring" and says it reflects visitors' freedom from worrying about risks.

The Guardian newspaper in Britain questioned the value of being rated the safest nation on Earth and said it could be seen as being rated boring.

"Wanderlust tends to the adventurous, independent traveller, but has now given an award for safest country to New Zealand," said Guardian travel editor Gwyn Topham.

ACTIVE / PASSIVEExamples:

George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. ActiveMany cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license. (Passive) Future Perfect Future Perfect has two different forms: "will have done" and "be going to have done." Unlike Simple Future forms, Future Perfect forms are usually interchangeable.FORM Future Perfect with "Will »[will have + past participle]

Examples:  You will have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S. Will you have perfected your English by the time you come back from the

U.S.? You will not have perfected your English by the time you come back from the

U.S.

 

FORM Future Perfect with "Be Going To"

 [am/is/are + going to have + past participle]

Examples:  You are going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from

the U.S. Are you going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from

the U.S.? You are not going to have perfected your English by the time you come back

from the U.S.

USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the Future

The Future Perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in the future. It can also show that something will happen before a specific time in the future.

 

Examples:

  By next November, I will have received my promotion. By the time he gets home, she is going to have cleaned the

entire house. I am not going to have finished this test by 3 o'clock.

Will she have learned enough Chinese to communicate before she moves to Beijing?

Sam is probably going to have completed the proposal by the time he leaves this afternoon.

By the time I finish this course, I will have taken ten tests.

How many countries are you going to have visited by the time you turn 50?

Notice in the examples above that the reference points are in Simple Present rather than Simple Future. This is because the interruptions are in time clauses, and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.

USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Future (Non-Continuous Verbs)

With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Future Perfect to show that something will continue up until another action in the future.

 

Examples: I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave. By Monday, Susan is going to have had my book for a

week. 

Although the above use of Future Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.

REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses

 

Like all future forms, the Future Perfect cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Future Perfect, Present Perfect is used.

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

 

Examples:  You will only have learned a few words. Will you only have learned a few words?  You are only going to have learned a few words. Are you only going to have learned a few words?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

They will have completed the project before the deadline. Active

The project will have been completed before the deadline. Passive

 

They are going to have completed the project before the deadline. Active

The project is going to have been completed before the deadline. Passive