5- owa324020 wcdma hsupa ran12 principles issue 1.01

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WCDMA HSUPA Principleswww.huawei.comCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :40-47pt :26-30pt: :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-0Page1ForewordHSUPA: High Speed Uplink Packet AccessHSUPA, as one of important feature from Huawei RAN6, has been taken as an important enhancement to improve the network performance


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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-1This introduces an important feature of 3GPP R6, High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA). As an uplink (UL) high speed data transmission solution, HSUPA provides a theoretical maximum UL rate of 5.76 Mbps on the Uu interface. It improves user experience with significantly higher data rate, lower delay, and faster connection setup, which allows operators to offer new services and attract new users.

Page2ObjectivesUpon completion of this course, you will be able to:Outline the protocol architecture of HSUPAKnow the key technologies of HSUPA


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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-2Page3ContentsIntroduction of HSUPAHSUPA ConceptsPhysical Layer Channels and Processing


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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-3Page4High Speed Uplink Packet AccessDriver force for HSUPAData Rate demand for higher peak data rates in uplinkQos lower latencyCapacity better uplink throughputCoverage better uplink coverage for higher data rate


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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-4Data Services are expected to grow significantly within the next few years. Current 2.5G and 3G operators are already reporting that a significant proportion of usage is now devoted to data, implying an increasing demand for high-data-rate, content-rich multimedia services. Although current Release 99 WCDMA systems offer a maximum practical data rate in Uplink of 384 kbps, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has included in Release 6 of the specifications a new high-speed, low-delay feature called High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).HSUPA provides significant enhancements to the Uplink compared to WCDMA Release 99 in terms of peak data rate, cell throughput, and latency. This is achieved through the implementation of a fast resource control and allocation mechanism that employs such features as Adaptive Coding, fast Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) and Shorter Physical Layer frames. With the addition of HSUPA, a better balance between Downlink HSDPA and Uplink traffic performance is also achieved.The High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) is a 3GPP Release 6 feature, also called Enhanced Uplink (EUL) or Enhanced DCH (E-DCH).Page5UMTS Data Rate Evolution GSMGPRSEDGEWCDMA R99HSDPA R5HSUPA R6Mobile Network Uplink Peak Data RateDownlink Peak Data RateGSM9.6Kbps9.6KbpsGPRS20Kbps40KbpsEDGE60Kbps120KbpsWCDMA Release 99384Kbps384KbpsHSDPA Release 5384Kbps10MbpsHSUPA Release 61.4Mbps/5.76Mbps10MbpsCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-5Mobile network data rate evolutionWCDMA data transmission evolved from GSM/GPRS, inheriting much of the upper layer functionality directly from those systems. The first commercial deployments of WCDMA are based on a version of the standards called Release 99, with HSDPA introduced in Release 5 to offer higher speed Downlink data services.Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) is another system in the GSM/GPRS family that some operators have deployed as an intermediate step before deploying WCDMA.Release 6 introduces the High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) to provide faster data services for the Uplink.For HSUPA (Uplink) the theoretical maximum achievable peak data rate is 5.76 Mbps, while for HSDPA (Downlink) it is 14.4 Mbps.Page6Release 99 Uplink Packet DataDCH (Dedicated Channel)Variable spreading factorClosed loop power controlMacro diversity (soft handover)RACHCommon spreading codeFixed spreading factorNo closed loop power controlNo soft handoverCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-6Release 99 Uplink Packet DataThere are two different techniques defined in the Release 99 specification to enable Uplink packet data. Most commonly, data transmission is supported using either the Dedicated Channel (DCH) or the Random Access Channel (RACH). The DCH is the primary means of supporting packet data services. Each UE uses an Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) code, dependent on the required data rate. Fast closed loop Power Control is employed to ensure that a target Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR) is maintained in order to control the block error rate (BLER). Macro Diversity is supported using soft handover.Data transfer can also be supported on the RACH. This common channel employs an OVSF code, with a spreading factor between 32 and 256, as negotiated with UTRAN during the Access procedure. Because it needs to be shared among all UEs, higher data rates are generally not supported. Macro Diversity is also not supported and the channel operates with a fixed (or slow changing) power allocation

Page7Release 99 Uplink LimitationLarge scheduling delayRadio resource is controlled from RNCLarge latencyTransmission time interval duration of 10/20/40/80msRNC based retransmission in case of errors (RLC layer)Limited uplink data rateDeployed peak data rate is 384kbps with limited subscriber numberCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-7Release 99 Uplink Limitations Among the available options for Uplink data transmissions in Release 99, the Common Channel (RACH) only allows for a small amount of data and a limited duration of the transmission. Thus, from a practical point of view, the Dedicated Channel (DCH) is the way to accommodate packet services in a Release 99 network. However, significant limitations must also be faced when using the Uplink DCH:Large Scheduling Delay: In Release 99, the scheduling of resources is done in the serving RNC and involves Layer 3 signaling messages to and from the UE, which causes the mechanism to be relatively slow in assigning or reconfiguring the resources assigned to a particular UE. Large Latency: The transmission time interval can vary from 80 ms down to 10 ms as best case, posing an intrinsic boundary to the latency values. In addition to that, the only available mechanism for retransmissions of erroneous packets is located in RNC, thus significantly contributing to the latency figures Limited Uplink Data Rate: Though the standard allows for high data rate on the Release 99 Uplink, typical values of maximum data rate observed in deployed networks range from 64 kbps up to 384 kbps, while using a spreading factor of 4. In order to achieve higher peak data rates, lower coding rates and multi-code transmission shaould be used, but these are not available in R99 systems.Page8High Speed Uplink Packet AccessE-DCH channel has been introducedInterference is shared by multiple users NodeB controls all UEs data rate with fast scheduling E-DCHE-DCHE-DCHE-DCHCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-8HSUPA is realized by introducing the Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH)In HSUPA, the Node B allows several UEs to transmit at a certain power level at the same time. These grants are assigned to users by using a fast scheduling algorithm that allocates the resources on a short-term basis (every 10ms or 2ms).The rapid scheduling of HSUPA is well suited to the burst feature of packet service. During periods of high activity, a given user may get a larger percentage of the available resources, while getting little or no bandwidth during periods of low activity.Page9Improved Characters by HSUPAHigher peak data rate in uplinkReduced latencyFaster retransmission to improve throughputFast schedulingOptimize the resource allocation to maximize the total throughputQuality of Service supportImprove QoS control and resource utilizationCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-9Enhancement methods in HSUPATo overcome the Release 99 limitations previously mentioned, HSUPA has been introduced in Release 6The use of shorter TTI, fast resource scheduling, and fast retransmissions at the physical layer improves uplink data services, while addressing the release 99 limitations in terms of latency, peak data rate, coverage, and capacity. Additionally, improved quality of service support helps to optimize resource utilization and guarantee the promised qualityPage10HSUPA Key Technology OverviewHSUPA key technologies2ms TTIFast schedulingLower SFNew ChannelsFast L1 HARQImproved Cell CapacityHigher Peak Data RateLower LatencyImproved QoS SupportFast Resource SchedulingCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-10Compared to R99 UL DCH, the enhance DCH specified for HSUPA in Release 6 offers the following features:Shorter TTI of 2ms: which can reduce the latency and can be scheduled fasterLower SF: which can increase physical channel symbol rate , higher peak data rate is availableUplink L1 HARQ throughput: improve physical layer performance with fast retransmissionsNew transport and physical channelsFast resource control: with new MAC entities in NodeB, radio resource can be scheduled faster to optimize the total throughput

Page11Application Scenarios for HSUPAVoIP (Voice over IP)Low latency, Quality of Service control and improved uplink capacityGameLowe latency, fast resource allocationPersonal blog updateUpload personal essay, video, music and pictureCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-11Page12ContentsIntroduction of HSUPAHSUPA ConceptsPhysical Layer Channels and Processing


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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-12Page13HSUPA vs. HSDPAHSDPAHSUPANew high-speed shared channelDedicated channel with enhanced capabilities HARQ with fast retransmission at layer 1Rate/modulation adaptationSingle serving cellFast power controlSoft handoverFast NodeB schedulerShared NodeB power and codeFast NodeB schedulerRise-over-Thermal (ROT)Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-13This slide lists some important aspects for comparing HSDPA and HSUPA to help understand HSUPA principles and operation.The HSDPA concept is based on high speed shared channels with fast L1 HARQ retransmission and rate and modulation adaptation to adjust to channel conditions. The fast scheduler is located in the Node B and assigns the available resources (power and codes) to several users. This enables cell power to be directed to a single user (or to a small group of users) for a short period of time, during which other users do not get any data. In this way, one Node B transmitter can be shared among many UE receivers.For HSUPA, the channel remains a dedicated channel, but with enhanced capabilities such as fast scheduling and L1 HARQ retransmissions. Power control and soft handover are still used to adapt to radio channel conditions. Because each UE has an independent transmitter with its own power and code availability, the HSUPA scheduler can accommodate many users to be received by the same Node B, where the Rise-over-Thermal Noise level indicates the uplink loading of the system.Page14Rise-over-Thermal NoiseIn order to decode received data correctly, the uplink interference shall be controlled.Rise-over-Thermal is a measure of the uplink load.NodeB monitors uplink interference and tells UE how much power can be used to transmit uplink data.Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-14The Rise-over-Thermal noise level is a measure of the uplink load at the NodeB receiver.By increasing the number of UEs transmitting on the uplink and their transmit power, the overall level of interference in the uplink band also increases.The NodeB receiver perceives this level as noise, and it directly affects the decoding performance of uplink data transmissions.The NodeB controls the interference level by adjusting the UE grant assignments according to the current interference level.When the UE receives a new grant, it uses it in combination with available UE transmit power and amount of data in the buffer to determine the data rate and the corresponding transmit power.

Page15HSUPA Key Technologies NodebB SchedulingDuring HSUPA operation NodeB scheduler considers the trade-off between the following two points:Several users those want to transmit at high data rate all the timeSatisfying all requested grants while preventing overloading and maximizing resource utilizationCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-15Similar to HSDPA, HSUPA implements fast resource allocation and control with a scheduler in the NodeB. While the HSDPA scheduler accommodates a common resource to several users, the HSUPA scheduler has a different task: it coordinates the reception of data transmitted from several UEs to a single NodeB. This can be regarded as a very fast resource allocation of a dedicated channel (E-DCH), rather than a sharing of a common channel (HS-DSCH).On one side, each UE will tend to transmit as much as possible based on channel conditions, the amount of data in the buffer, and the power available. On the other side, the scheduler will try to satisfy each connected UE while preventing overloading and maximizing resource utilization and cell throughput.

Page16HSUPA Key Technologies 2ms TTIShorter TTI of 2msIn HSUPA both 10ms TTI and 2ms TTI are supported.A shorter TTI allows reduction of the latency and increasing the average and peak cell throughput.


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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-16Page17HSUPA Key Technologies Higher Data Rate For a 10ms TTI UE, peak data rate is limited to 2 Mbps.For a 2ms TTI UE, the theoretical maximum data rate is 5.76Mbps.The conditions to get 5.76 MbpsLower channel coding gainEffective code rate = 1Requires very good channel conditions to decodeLower spreading factorUE uses SF 2Multi-code transmissionUE uses 4 codes, 2 with SF2 and 2 with SF4Calculation of 5.76 Mbps:2 (3840000 / 2) + 2 (3840000 / 4) = 5.76MbpsTwo codes with SF2Two codes with SF4Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-17The following assumptions are needed to achieve the theoretical maximum data rate of 5.76 Mbps:Lower channel coding gain Using an effective code rate of 1 increases the data rate, but the channel conditions must be very good for the NodeB to correctly decode every data block on the first transmission.Lower spreading factor UE must use SF 2.Multi-code transmission Four codes (2 codes with SF2 and 2 codes with SF4) are used by E-DPDCH.Shorter TTI 2ms TTI is needed. Because the maximum transport block size is 20000 bits with 10ms TTI, the maximum data rate for 10ms TTI is 2Mbps.In a practical scenario, the practical maximum data rate will be less than 5.76 Mbps, due to less than ideal channel conditions, the need for retransmission, and the need to share the UE power with other channels.

Page18HSUPA Key Technologies HARQHybrid-ARQN-channel stop-and-wait protocol, with 4 HARQ processes for 10ms TTI and 8 HARQ processes for 2ms TTISynchronous retransmissionSeparate HARQ feedback is provided per radio link.Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-18Hybrid ARQ The hybrid ARQ for HSUPA consists of an N-Channels stop-and-wait protocol. The number of HARQ processes is 4 for a 10 ms TTI and 8 for a 2 ms TTI configuration. The retransmission is synchronous, with separate feedback provided for each radio link. After requesting and receiving a grant for data transmissions:The UE transmits the data of the corresponding HARQ process to all NodeBs for which a radio link exists.Each Node B connected to the UE sends ACK/NAK back to the UE.The transmission is successfully completed if an acknowledge (ACK) is received.

Page19HSUPA Key Technologies New ChannelsFive new physical channels and one new transport channel are introduced to support HSUPA.


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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-19E-DCH (Enhanced Uplink Dedicated Channel) An uplink transport channel. The E-DCH operates on a 2 or 10 ms Transmission Time Interval (TTI) and carries a single transport block per TTI. The channels is mapped on one or more (up to 4) E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channels (E-DPDCHs) and has an associated E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel (E-DPCCH).E-DPDCH (E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel) An uplink physical channel used to carry uplink data for the E-DCH transport channel. It supports BPSK modulation with I and Q branches and it is allocated every TTI. Up to 4 channels can be used to carry the E-DCH transport channel in a multi-code transmission scheme.E-DPCCH (E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel) An uplink physical channel for control information associated with E-DPDCH. It carries information about the transport format used on E-DCH and the HARQ retransmission sequence number; it includes one bit to support scheduling decisions at the NodeB.E-HICH (E-DCH Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel) A downlink physical channel that carries feedback (ACK/NAK) from the Node B on the previous data transmission, to support HARQ retransmission. Since soft handover is supported for HSUPA, each cell belonging to the E-DCH Active Set transmits the E-HICH.E-AGCH (E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel) A downlink physical channel that carries scheduler grant information from the E-DCH serving cell. The absolute grant indicates directly to the UE the Traffic-to-Pilot ratio that shall be used for scheduled transmissions.E-RGCH (E-DCH Relative Grant Channel) A downlink physical channel that carries scheduler grant information from cells belonging to the serving NodeB as well as to non-serving cells in the E-DCH active set. The relative grant tells the UE to increase, decrease, or maintain the current Traffic-to-Pilot ratio.

Page20HSUPA Key Technologies New Channels (cont.)DCCHDTCHE-DCHE-DPCCHE-DPDCHE-HICHE-AGCHE-RGCHThe channel mapping in HSUPA:Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-20DCCH and DTCH can be mapped to E-DCH. A UE using HSUPA can also have additional Release 99 DCH and/or HSDPA channels, although the standard specifies restrictions for the possible combinations. Because power control and soft handover are supported for E-DCH, the channel can be seen as an extension of the Release 99 DCH.The E-DPCCH, E-HICH, E-AGCH, and E-RGCH are physical layer (control) channels. They carry no upper layer information, and therefore have no logical or transport channel mapping.Page21HSUPA Channel OperationThe UE sends a transmission request to the NodeB for getting resources.The NodeB responds to the UE with a grant assignment, allocating uplink band to the UE.The UE uses the grant to select the appropriate transport format for the Data transmission to the NodeB.The NodeB attempts to decode the received data and send ACK/NACK to the UE. In case of NACK, data may be retransmitted.


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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-21This slide illustrates HSUPA operation :1. The UE asks the NodeB for a grant to transmit data on uplink.2. If the Node B allows the UE to send data, it indicates the grant in terms of Traffic-to-Pilot (T/P) ratio. The grant is valid until a new grant is provided.3. After receiving the grant, the UE can transmit data starting at any TTI and may include further requests. Data are transmitted according to the selected transport format, which is also signaled to the NodeB.4. After the Node B decodes the data, it sends an ACK or NAK back to the UE. If the NodeB sends a NAK, the UE may send the data again with a retransmission.

Page22HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)1. Transmission RequestThe UE request data transmission by the scheduling information (SI), which is determined according to the UE power and buffer data availability.The scheduling information is sent to the NodeB.UEUE BufferUE PowerScheduling Information (SI)Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-22This slide illustrates a data transmission request from the UE through scheduling information (SI), by which the UE asks the Node B for a grant to transmit data on Uplink E-DCH.UE power availability and UE buffer status are combined to determine the scheduling information. Page23HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)2. Grant AssignmentThe Node B determines the UE grant by monitoring uplink interference (RoT at he receiver), and by considering the UE transmission requests and level of satisfaction.The grant is signaled to the UE by new grant channels.NodeBRoTSIGRANTSatisfactionCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-23This slide illustrates an HSUPA absolute grant assignment upon request from the UE. The grant is determined based on uplink interference situation (Rise-over-Thermal noise) at the NodeB receiver and on the UE transmission requests and level of satisfaction.The Node B indicates the Traffic-to-Pilot (T/P) grant by downlink grant channel. The grant is valid until a new grant is given or modified.Page24HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)3. Data TransmissionThe UE uses the received grant and, based on its power and data availability, selects the E-DCH transport format and the corresponding transmit power.Data are transmitted by the UE on together with the related control information.UEGRANTUE PowerData and related control informationUE BufferCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-24This slide illustrates an HSUPA Data Transmission for scheduled grants.After receiving the grant, the UE can transmit data starting at any TTI and may include additional scheduling information. The transport format is first selected based on the received grant, on the available power and on the data in the buffer.Data are transmitted on a set of E-DPDCH channels, and transport format Information is signaled to the Node B on the corresponding E-DPCCH. The Happy Bit (Happy Bit indicates the UEs level of satisfaction. ) is also included.

Page25HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)4. Data AcknowledgmentThe NodeB attempts to decode the received data and indicates to the UE with ACK/NACK.If no ACK is received by he UE, the data may be retransmitted.NodeBACK/NACKData and related control informationCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-25This slide illustrates the acknowledgment of data at the NodeB and HARQ retransmission.After the NodeB attempts to decode the data, it sends an ACK or NACK to the UE. If the NodeB sends a NACK, the UE may send the data again with a fast retransmission.

Page26HSUPA Protocol StackSM (Session Management)GMM (GPRS Mobility Management)RRC (Radio Resource Control)MAC-es and MAC-d (Medium Access Control)RLC (Radio Link Control)MAC-ePhysical LayerIub Interface Iu InterfaceUENodeBRNCSGSNASNASCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-26In a Release 99 PS network, the NAS layer protocols terminate at the SGSN. The RRC, RLC, and MAC protocols terminate at the RNC. The Physical Layer protocol terminates at the NodeB.The Release 5 specifications define a new sub-layer of MAC for the downlink called MAC-hs, which implements the MAC protocols and procedures for HSDPA. This sub-layer operates at the NodeB and the UE. The location of MAC-hs in the Node B has an important implication for HSDPA operation.Similarly, the Release 6 specifications define a new sub-layer of MAC for the uplink called MAC-e/es, which implements the MAC protocols and procedures for HSUPA. This sub-layer operates at the NodeB (MAC-e), at the RNC (MAC-es), and the UE (MAC-e/es).The location of MAC-e in the NodeB has an important implication for HSUPA operation, allowing for fast retransmissions at the physical Layer. The MAC-es, which is responsible for reordering of the data packets, is located in the RNC for HSUPA because a UE may be in soft handover with multiple Node Bs. Transport channel frames are constructed by the MAC sublayer in the UE and sent over the air interface to each NodeB with which the UE is in soft handover. The RNC receives identical transport channel frames from each NodeB over the Iub interfaces and performs reordering.

Page27E-DCH Active Set and Mobility SupportThere are three different types of radio links in the UE E-DCH active set:Serving E-DCH Cell: The cell from which UE receives AGCH.Serving E-DCH RLS: Set of cells that contain at least the serving cell and from which the UE can receive RGCHNo-Serving RL: Cell that belongs to the E-DCH active set but not belong to the serving RLS and from which the UE can receive a RGCH.ServingE-DCH cellServing E-DCH Radio Link Set (RLS)Non-Serving E-DCH Radio Link (RL)Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-27The E-DCH Active Set is limited to 4 cells, one of which is the E-DCH serving cell.The radio links that are in softer handover with the E-DCH serving cell (i.e., connected to the same NodeB) constitute the Serving E-DCH Radio Link Set (RLS).All other links in the E-DCH active set, which are connected to other NodeBs, are non-serving radio links.Page28HSUPA UE CapabilitiesE-DCHcategoryMax number of E-DPDCHchannelsMinimum SFSupported TTIPeak rate for TTI = 10MSPeak rate for TTI = 2msCategory 11SF410ms711kbps--Category 22SF42&10 ms1448kbps1448kbpsCategory 32SF410ms1448kbps--Category 42SF22&10 ms2000kbps2886kbpsCategory 52SF210ms2000kbps--Category 64SF2 2&10ms2000kbps5742kbpsCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-28What determines the maximum data rate supported by different categories of UE? It is a combination of the maximum number of E-DPDCH channels, the spreading factor, and maximum bits in one TTI.For 10 ms TTI, a maximum of 2 Mbps peak data rate can be achieved, corresponding to a maximum transport block size of 20000 bits. To achieve higher rates, a TTI of 2 ms shall be used.With a single E-DPDCH channel, a spreading factor from 256 to 4 is allowed. For multi-code transmissions, only SF4 and SF2 are allowed, in the following combinations: (2 x SF4) or (2 x SF2) or (2 x SF4 + 2 x SF2). Note that SF=2 is not permitted on a single code transmission. Page29ContentsIntroduction of HSUPAHSUPA ConceptsPhysical Layer Channels and Processing


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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-29Page30New Channels for HSUPAUplink Transport ChannelE-DCH: Carries high speed uplink dataUplink Physical ChannelsE-DPDCH: Carries E-DCHE-DPCCH: Carries control signal for E-DPDCHDownlink Physical ChannelsE-HICH: Carries HARQ ACK/NACK indicator for E-DCHE-RGCH: Carries relative grant determined by the schedulerE-AGCH: Carries absolute grant determined by the schedulerCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-30The main introduction in Release 6 is the new data channel, Enhanced Dedicated Channel or E-DCH, which carries the uplink high speed data. New physical channels are introduced to support E-DCH.On the uplink, two new physical channels are introduced: E-DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel for E-DCH) and E-DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel for E-DCH). The E-DCH can be mapped to one to four uplink E-DPDCHs (Dedicated Physical Data Channels for E-DCH), with improved coding and modulation design. The physical layer control information, E-TFCI etc., is carried on one E-DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel for E-DCH).On the Downlink, three new physical channels are introduced to support E-DCH. The downlink physical channels E-HICH (HARQ Indicator Channel for E-DCH) and E-RGCH (Relative Grant Channel for E-DCH) are dedicated channels and they share a single channelization code assigned by the higher layer to the UE. The UE increases or decreases its E-DCH data rate based on the relative grant indicator on E-RGCH. The downlink channel E-AGCH (Absolute Grant Channel for E-DCH) is a common channel shared by all the users in the cell. The addressing on E-AGCH is realized by masking CRC bits with E-RNTI (RNTI for E-DCH).

Page31New Channels in HSUPA Operation1. The UE sends a request for resources. The request includes status of its data buffers and is sent on E-DPDCH.2. Based on the request from the UE, the Node B allocates a resource grant to the UE. The grant is sent on the E-AGCH channel.3. This grant can be modified by the Node B every TTI using the E-RGCH channel.4. The UE transmits data on E-DPDCH. Control information needed to decode the data is sent on E-DPCCH.5. The Node B decodes the received packet and informs the UE whether it could decode the data successfully or not on the E-HICH channel.E-DPDCHE-DPCCHE-AGCHE-RGCHE-HICH1435214Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-31Page32E-DCHE-DCH is mapped to one or more E-DPDCHs.Control information for E-DCH is sent to E-DPCCH.One transport block (TB) is transferred in one TTI.Transmission time interval (TTI) can be 10ms or 2ms.Support for 10ms is mandatory in the UE.Support for 2ms is mandatory for UE with E-DCH peak capability above.Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-32The standard allows up to four E-DPDCH channels to be configured for a single E-DCH. However, the actual maximum number of E-DPDCH channels to be used in a connection depends on the UE capability as well as the UTRAN configuration.For E-DPCCH, only one E-DPCCH can be configured per UE.For HSUPA operation, the Node B negotiates the transmission time interval (TTI) on E-DCH for each UE. The decision could be based on the UE capability as well as on the negotiated peak data rate.

Page33E-DCH Channel CodingCRCA 24 bit CRC is attached to the transport block.Channel CodingTurbo coding with 1/3 coding ratioTransport block from MACAdd CRC attachmentCode block segmentationChannel codingPhysical layer HARQ/rate matchingPhysical channel segmentationInterleaving & physicalChannel mappingPhysical channel(s)Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-33Code block segmentation: Here, large transport blocks (with CRC bits) are chopped into several smaller code blocks since the turbo encoder accepts only blocks with fixed length.Channel Coding: Only turbo coding is used and the channel coding ratio is 1/3.Page34E-DCH HARQ Rate MatchingTransport block from MACAdd CRC attachmentCode block segmentationChannel codingPhysical layer HARQ/rate matchingPhysical channel segmentationInterleaving & physicalChannel mappingPhysical channel(s)Hybrid HARQ/Rate MatchingHybrid ARQ match the number of bits at the turbo coder to the total number of bits available in the E-DPDCH(s).Redundancy Version (RV) controls rate matching.Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-34The redundancy version (RV), with the parameters s and r, is used to determine the rate matching parameters.s determines whether systematic bits or redundancy bits are prioritized.r determines which redundancy version is used.

E-DCH RV indexsr010100211301Bit separationRM_SBitcollectionRM_P1RM_P2Systematic bitsParity1 bitsParity2 bitsBits after channel codingTo physical channel segmentationRate matching contorlled by RV versionPage35E-DCH Segmentation & InterleavingPhysical Channel SegmentationTo distribute bits among multiple E-DPDCH when more than one E-DPDCH is used.InterleavingThe same as UL DCH interleavingChannel MappingIf more than one E-DPDCH is used, the bits should be mapped to different E-DPDCHs.Transport block from MACAdd CRC attachmentCode block segmentationChannel codingPhysical layer HARQ/rate matchingPhysical channel segmentationInterleaving & physicalChannel mappingPhysical channel(s)Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-35The rate matching function determines the number of E-DPDCH channels used to carry the transport block in one TTI. The following rules are used to determine the number of E-DPDCH channels and the corresponding spreading factors:Consider the UE capability and the network limitations.Try first to use one E-DPDCH with a smallest spreading factor instead of two E-DPDCH channels with a larger spreading factor.

Page36E-DPDCH Spreading CodeNmax-dpdchE-DPDCHKSpreading Code0E-DPDCH1Cch,SF,SF/4 if SF >= 4Cch,2,1 if SF = 2E-DPDCH2Cch,4,1 if SF = 4Cch,2,1 if SF = 2E-DPDCH3E-DPDCH4Cch,4,11E-DPDCH1Cch,SF,SF/2E-DPDCH2Cch,4,2 if SF = 4Cch,2,1 if SF = 2Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-36The spreading codes used for a given TTI depends on the number of E-DPDCH channels for the TTI. The table in the slide shows the code mapping for E-DPDCH. Nmax-dpdch is the maximum number of uplink DPDCHs.Page37E-DPDCH I/Q Channel MappingE-DPDCH1E-DPDCHKE-DPCCH. . .Channelization codeGain factorI + jQScramblingcodeIQkNmax-dpdchHS-DSCH configuredE-DPDCHKIQk0NO/YESE-DPDCH1IE-DPDCH2QE-DPDCH3IE-DPDCH4Q1NOE-DPDCH1QE-DPDCH2I1YESE-DPDCH1IE-DPDCH2QE-DPDCHk is mapped to I brand or Q brand according to IQk.E-DPCCH is always mapped to I branch.Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-37When E-DCH is configured, at most one uplink DPDCH can be configured. When E-DCH is not configured, the standard allows up to six uplink DPDCH to be used simultaneously.When no uplink DPDCH is configured, the standard allows up to four simultaneous E-DPDCHs. When one uplink DPDCH is configured, only up to two simultaneous E-DPDCHs are allowed by the standard. When uplink DPDCH is configured, the two E-DPDCHs channel mapping is affected by whether HS-DSCH (hence HS-DPCCH) is configured or not.Gain factor means the power of the channel.Page38E-DPCCHE-DPCCH is always transmitted on uplink with E-DPDCH.Always transmitted with E-DPDCH simultaneously.E-DPCCH includes:RSN: Uplink HARQ transmission numberE-TFCI: E-DCH transport format combination indicatorHappy Bit: for support of schedulingChannelization code for E-DPCCH is Cch,256,1Always mapped to I branchCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-38Page39E-DPCCH CodingData in one E-DPCCH subframeRSN: 2 bitsE-TFCI: 7 bitsHappy bit: 1 bitFor 10ms TTI, the same coded bit sequence is transmitted in 5 sub-frames.MultiplexingChannel CodingPhysical channel mapping one E-DPCCH subframeRSNE-TFCIHappy bit10 bits30 bitsCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-39Page40E-DPCCH Coding (continued)RSN bits in E-DPCCH are used to indicate the type of redundancy version (RV) of each HARQ transmission and to aid in soft buffer management at the NodeB.RSN = 0: First transmissionRSN = 1: Second transmissionRSN = 2: Third transmissionRSN = 3: Additional transmissionRV selection rules:UTRAN can configure the UE to use RV = 0 for all transmissions.Or UTRAN can configure the UE to use RSN to change RV.Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-40Retransmission sequence number (RSN) bits in the E-DPCCH indicate the type of redundancy version (RV) of each HARQ transmission, and aid in soft combination at the NodeB.The following table shows the exact relationship between RSN and RV index.Nsys is the number of systematic bits for transmission per TTI.Ned is the total number of bits for transmission per TTI.TXRSN valueNsys/Ned < 1/2Nsys/Ned >= 1/2E-DCH RV indexE-DCH RV index1st0002nd1233rd202Nth3Depends on CFN and subframe numberDepends on CFN and subframe numberPage41E-DPCCH & E-DPDCH Frame FormatSlot 0Slot 1Slot 3Slot iSlot 1410 bitsData, Ndata bits1 subframe = 2ms1 frame = 10msE-DPDCHE-DPCCH2560 chips2560 chips, Ndata = 10*2k bits (k = 07)Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-41E-DPDCH and E-DPCCH and both frame-aligned with the uplink DPCCH. Page42E-AGCHE-AGCH is a common downlink channel.Fixed data rate: 30kbpsQPSK modulationSpreading factor: 256E-AGCH carries absolute grant for E-DCH for all UEs in the cell.Transmission on E-AGCH can be 2ms or 10ms.2ms if E-DCH TTI is 2ms10ms if E-DCH TTI is 10msUE listens to the E-AGCH from the serving cell only.Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-42The E-AGCH carries 5-bit absolute grant and 1-bit scope information. Absolute grant scope determines whether the grant applies to current HARQ process only or to all HARQ processes:Xags = 1: Per HARQ processXags = 0: All HARQ processesThe actual grant is the granted T/P ratio as given in the table below.Absolute grant valueIndexAbsolute grant valueIndexAbsolute grant valueIndex(168/15)^2*631(119/15)^220(34/15)^29(150/15)^2*630(150/15)^219(30/15)^28(168/15)^2*429(95/15)^218(27/15)^27(150/15)^2*428(84/15)^217(24/15)^26(134/15)^2*427(75/15)^216(19/15)^25(119/15)^2*426(67/15)^215(15/15)^24(150/15)^2*225(60/15)^214(11/15)^23(95/15)^2*424(53/15)^213(7/15)^22(168/15)^223(47/15)^212ZERO_GRANT1(150/15)^222(42/15)^211INACTIVE0(134/15)^221(38/15)^210Page43E-AGCH CodingMultiplexing5 bits for the absolute grant values1 bit (Xags) for the scope of the grantCRC16 bits CRC is masked with E-RNTIE-RNTI is used to address UE.Channel CodingRate 1/3 convolutional codingRate MatchingPuncturing to get 60 bits from 90 bits generated after channel codingPhysical Channel Mapping60 bits mapped to one subframe (20 bits per slot)For 10ms TTI, same bits get repeated for all 5 subframeMultiplexingID specificCRC attachmentChannel codingRate matchingPhysical channelmapping5 bits grant1 bit scopeOne E-AGCH subframe6 bits22 bits90 bits60 bitsCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-43The 6 information bits plus 16 CRC bits, along with 8 tail bits, result in (6+16+8) = 30 bits at the input of channel coding encoder. The 1/3 convolution encoder output 30*3 = 90 coded bits. Through rate matching, 30 bits are punctured, resulting in 60 coded bits to form an E-AGCH subframe. Page44E-AGCH Frame FormatSlot 0Slot 1Slot 3Slot iSlot 1420 bits1 subframe = 2ms1 frame = 10msE-AGCH2560 chipsCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-44Page45E-HICHE-HICH is a dedicated downlink channel that carries HARQ ACK/NACK.QPSK modulationSpreading factor is 128 and the channelization code for E-HICH is same with E-RGCH.Transmitted from all cells in the E-DCH active set.ACK/NACK is indicated using a binary indicator.ACK is +1.NACK from cells in serving E-DCH radio link set is -1.NACK from cells not in serving E-DCH radio link set is 0 (DTX).Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-45Page46E-RGCH & E-HICH CodingSame channelization code Cch,128,kDifferent signature sequences, Css,40,m(i) and Css,40,n(i) for slot i S/pQPSK1/0/-1(UP/HOLD/DOWN)Css,40,m(i)40 bits/slotjCch,128,kScramblingGRGCHS/pQPSK1/(-1 or 0)(ACK/NACK)Css,40,n(i)40 bits/slotjCch,128,kScramblingGHICHCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-46E-RGCH and E-HICH share the same channelization code, which is assigned by RRC signaling. On E-HICH, the HARQ ACK/NACK is multiplied by a 40-bit signature sequence Css,40,n(i), resulting in a 40-bit sequence to be transmitted. On E-RGCH, the relative grant UP/HOLD/DOWN is multiplied by a different 40-bit signature sequence Css,40,m(i), resulting in a different 40-bit sequence. The signature sequence is one of the orthogonal signature sequences.Page47Channel ConfigurationE-DCH can be established in combination with the following downlink configurations:Downlink DCH onlyHS-DSCH onlyBoth DCH and HS-DSCHThe following uplink configuration are possible:Uplink DCH onlyE-DCH onlyBoth uplink DCH and E-DCHDownlink and uplink configurations can be combined independently.Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-47Page48Uplink Channel Configuration with HSUPAConfigurationsDPDCHHS-DPCCHE-DPDCHE-DPCCHDCH only61--DCH + E-DCH1121E-DCH only-141The maximum number of each type of channels for each possible uplink channel configuration except for DPCCHCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. :32-35pt : R153 G0 B0 :FrutigerNext LT Medium : Arial

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WCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-48Uplink DPCCH is always transmitted, even when DPDCH is not configured but E-DPDCH and E-DPCCH are configured.E-DPCCH is always transmitted with E-DPDCH except when E-DPDCH is in DTX.The maximum number of E-DPDCH determines whether DCH is configured or not.The existence of HS-DPCCH does not affect the maximum number of E-DPDCH channels, but it can affect the channelization mapping of E-DPDCH.Thank youwww.huawei.comWCDMA HSUPA RAN12 Principle Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission P-49TTI for HSUPA (E-DCH)

TTI for DCH

2ms

10ms

40ms

20ms

10ms

80ms

E-HICH: Carry ACK/NACK for HARQ

E-RGCH: Carry relative grant for scheduling

E-AGCH: Carry absolute grant for scheduling

E-DPDCH: Carry uplink HSUPA data (carry E-DCH)

E-DPCCH: Carry control information related to uplink HSUPA data

UE

NodeB

1. REQUEST

3. DATA

4. ACK/NACK

2. GRANT

5- owa324020 wcdma hsupa ran12 principles issue 1.01

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