5 compaction
TRANSCRIPT
04/12/23 Soil Compaction 1
CompactionCompaction
الدمكالدمك
04/12/23Soil Compaction
2
Compaction EffectCompaction Effect
Solid
Air
Water
Solid
AirWater
Loose soil
سائبة تربة
Compacted soil
مدموكة تربة
04/12/23Soil Compaction
3
Compaction AdvantagesCompaction Advantagesالدمك الدمك مزايا مزايا
As compaction increases, the As compaction increases, the following occurs:following occurs: Increase bearing capacity Increase bearing capacity
التربة تحمل قدرة التربة زيادة تحمل قدرة زيادة Decrease potential for settlementDecrease potential for settlement
الهبوط إمكانية الهبوط تقليل إمكانية تقليل Reduction in hydraulic conductivityReduction in hydraulic conductivity
التربة نفاذية التربة تقليل نفاذية تقليل
04/12/23Soil Compaction
4
What is compactionWhat is compaction??A simple ground improvement technique, where the soil is densified using external
compactive effort. Densification is done through reducing voids.
باستخدام: كثافتها زيادة يتم حيث التربة خواص لتحسين بسيطة طريقة هو الدمك. . الفراغات حجم تقليل طريق عن يتم الكثافة وزيادة خارجى دمك جهد
+ water =
Compactive effort
04/12/23Soil Compaction
5
What is compactionWhat is compaction??
The object of compaction is to improve the properties of the soil that is used as sub grade material for roads, fills of dams, embankments or under shallow foundations.
التربة خواص تحسين إلى الدمك يهدففى أساس كطبقة فى المستخدمة
فى المستخدمة والمواد الطرقإحالل وكتربة والجسور السدود
. السطحية األساسات أسفل
04/12/23Soil Compaction
6
Purpose of Compaction?Purpose of Compaction?
The compaction of soils and fills will result in improving the shear strength and reduce permeability and settlements.
القص مقاومة لتحسين الدمك يهدفوالهبوط النفاذية وتقليل
Field compaction of soil is assessed in terms of the dry density of the soil, which is the weight of soil solids per unit bulk volume.
باستخدام الحقلى الدمك تقييم يتم. الجاف الحجوم وحدة وزن قيمة
04/12/23Soil Compaction
7c
b
c
dd
cd
dd
dwc
d
wc
w1V)w1(
W
V
W
w1
WW
W
W
W
WWw1
W
Ww
Relationship between Relationship between drydry and and bulkbulk
soilsoil
air
water
wd
wwV
1
wc
04/12/23Soil Compaction
8
Laboratory Compaction TestLaboratory Compaction Test
- To obtain the compaction curve and define To obtain the compaction curve and define the optimum water content and maximum dry the optimum water content and maximum dry density for a specific compactive effort.density for a specific compactive effort.
محتوى - لتحديد االختبار إجراء محتوى يتم لتحديد االختبار إجراء يتمجافة كثافة وأقصى األمثل جافة المياه كثافة وأقصى األمثل المياه
. محدد دمك جهد تأثير تحت .وذلك محدد دمك جهد تأثير تحت وذلك
04/12/23Soil Compaction
9
Standard Proctor Compaction TestStandard Proctor Compaction Test
The standard was originally developed to The standard was originally developed to simulate field compaction in the lab, for small simulate field compaction in the lab, for small and medium loads.and medium loads.
Standard Proctor Standard Proctor القياسى بروكتور القياسى اختبار بروكتور اختبار Mold: 945 (1000 cmMold: 945 (1000 cm33) or 1/30 ft) or 1/30 ft3 3 القالب القالب حجم حجم Hammer: 2.50 Kg or 5.50 lb hammerHammer: 2.50 Kg or 5.50 lb hammer
المطرقة المطرقة وزن كجم كجم 2.502.50وزن Drop Height = 30 cm or 12” Drop Height = 30 cm or 12” السقوط السقوط ارتفاع 3030ارتفاع
سمسم No. of Soil Layers = 3 No. of Soil Layers = 3 الطبقات الطبقات عدد طبقات طبقات 33عدد No. of Blows = 25 layer No. of Blows = 25 layer 25 25 طبقة لكل طبقة ضربة لكل ضربة
04/12/23Soil Compaction
10
Modified Proctor TestModified Proctor Test
The modified was developed to simulate larger compaction effort for more serious loads and bigger equipment
Modified Proctor المعدل بروكتور اختبار Mold: 945 (1000 cmMold: 945 (1000 cm33) or 1/30 ft) or 1/30 ft33
Hammer: 4.50 Kg or 10 lb hammerHammer: 4.50 Kg or 10 lb hammer = المطرقة المطرقة = وزن كجم كجم 4.504.50وزن
Drop Height = 45 cm or 18” Drop Height = 45 cm or 18” السقوط السقوط ارتفاع 4545ارتفاعسمسم
No. of Soil Layers = 5 No. of Soil Layers = 5 الطبقات الطبقات عدد طبقات طبقات 55عدد No. of Blows = 25 layer No. of Blows = 25 layer الضربات الضربات عدد ضربة ضربة 2525عدد
04/12/23Soil Compaction
11
Specification for Field Compaction
Relative to what? Proctor Test – standard or modified
% Relative Compaction الدمك نسبة
If R > 95%, the compaction is accepted in most cases. من ناجحة% 95أكبر
R > 98% could be required in some cases. R > 100% could be reached.
عن الدمك نسبة تزيد أن بعض% 100ممكن فىالحاالت.
100%R
labmaxd
fieldd
R ~ (95 – 100%)
04/12/23Soil Compaction
12
Rock BreakerO.M.CO.M.C O.M.CO.M.C Water Content, Water Content, wwcc
Dry
Den
sity
, D
ry D
ensi
ty,
dd
d d maxmax Modified Proctor TestModified Proctor Test
Zero Air Voids LineZero Air Voids Line
d d maxmax Standard Proctor TestStandard Proctor Test
04/12/23Soil Compaction
13
Required EquipmentRequired Equipmentand toolsand tools
Add pre-measured amountsAdd pre-measured amountsof water to soil sampleof water to soil sample
04/12/23Soil Compaction
14
Mix Sample thoroughlyMix Sample thoroughly Put mixed soil in mold in Put mixed soil in mold in 3 layers (Standard Proctor)3 layers (Standard Proctor)
04/12/23Soil Compaction
15
Modified Proctor TestModified Proctor Test
04/12/23Soil Compaction
16
Compact each layer usingCompact each layer usingRammer, 25 blows per layerRammer, 25 blows per layer
Remove collar and trim Remove collar and trim the topthe top
04/12/23Soil Compaction
17
Weigh mold and sampleWeigh mold and sample
04/12/23Soil Compaction
18
Extrude the sampleExtrude the sample Take Samples for wTake Samples for wcc
determinationdetermination
04/12/23Soil Compaction
19
Field CompactionField Compaction
for compacting very small for compacting very small areasareas
Hand Held Vibrating PlatesHand Held Vibrating Plates
effective for granular effective for granular soilssoils
04/12/23Soil Compaction
20
Vibratory RollerVibratory Roller
For very thin lifts and small areasFor very thin lifts and small areas
04/12/23Soil Compaction
21
Smooth-wheel rollerSmooth-wheel roller
Compacts effectively only to 200-300 mm; Compacts effectively only to 200-300 mm; therefore, place the soil in shallow layers therefore, place the soil in shallow layers
(lifts)(lifts)
04/12/23Soil Compaction
22
Pneumatic Rubber Tired RollerPneumatic Rubber Tired Roller
04/12/23Soil Compaction
23
Provides kneading action; “walks out” after compactionProvides kneading action; “walks out” after compaction
Sheep foot Roller
Very effective on claysVery effective on clays
04/12/23Soil Compaction
24
Provides deeper (2-3m) compaction. e.g., air fieldProvides deeper (2-3m) compaction. e.g., air field
Impact RollerImpact Roller
04/12/23Soil Compaction
25
1- Sand Cone Test.1- Sand Cone Test.11. الرملى- المخروط .اختبار الرملى- المخروط اختبار
2- Rubble Balloon Test.2- Rubble Balloon Test.22. المطاطى- البالون .اختبار المطاطى- البالون اختبار
3- Nuclear Test.3- Nuclear Test.33. النووية- بالطرق .اختبار النووية- بالطرق اختبار
FIELD COMPACTION TESTSFIELD COMPACTION TESTS
04/12/23Soil Compaction
26
Performed in the Field.Performed in the Field.. الموقع فى يجرى للدمك .اختبار الموقع فى يجرى للدمك اختبار
Using sand cone and uniform (standard) sand.Using sand cone and uniform (standard) sand. المخروط جهاز باستخدام المخروط يتم جهاز باستخدام يتم
. القياسى .والرمل القياسى والرمل Uniform sand: Passing through sieve No. 20 and Uniform sand: Passing through sieve No. 20 and
retained on No. 40retained on No. 40 من المار هو الحبيبات منتظم من رمل المار هو الحبيبات منتظم رمل
رقم رقم منخل منخل 2020منخل على منخل والمحجوز على والمحجوز..4040رقم رقم
Sand Cone TestSand Cone Testالرملى المخروط الرملى اختبار المخروط اختبار
04/12/23Soil Compaction
27
Field Measurement of CompactionField Measurement of Compaction
Sand ConeSand Coneالرملى الرملى المخروط المخروط
VV
WW
d,field d,field = W / V= W / V
04/12/23Soil Compaction
28
Measurement of Field CompactionMeasurement of Field Compaction Most common methods areMost common methods are
Nuclear MethodNuclear Method Sand Cone methodSand Cone method Rubber Balloon methodRubber Balloon method
04/12/23Soil Compaction
29
Rock Breaker
Modified Proctor TestModified Proctor Test
04/12/23Soil Compaction
30
Rock Breaker
04/12/23Soil Compaction
31
Rock Breaker
04/12/23Soil Compaction
32
Rock Breaker
04/12/23Soil Compaction
33
Rock Breaker
04/12/23Soil Compaction
34
Rock Breaker
04/12/23Soil Compaction
35
Rock Breaker
04/12/23Soil Compaction
36
Rock Breaker
04/12/23Soil Compaction
37
Rock Breaker
04/12/23Soil Compaction
38
Rock Breaker
04/12/23Soil Compaction
39
Rock Breaker
04/12/23Soil Compaction
40