5 age of pericles
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Age of Pericles 460-429 BCE
Age of Pericles (460-429 BCE)Athens in the 5th century
BCE experienced a great
largely due to the statesman Pericles, leader of Athens.
Age of Pericles (460-429 BCE) Under Pericles, Athens developed
the world’s first democracy It was a great golden age which
occurred mostly between the Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian Wars (5th Century B.C.E.).
Age of Pericles
We’ve traced the rise of democracy in Athens, but Pericles extended democracy so that most adult males had equal voice.
Age of Pericles Pericles had Athens rebuilt after destruction in Persian Wars An older temple that was dedicated to the Greek Goddess Athena (destroyed by the Persians) was rebuilt into the Parthenon.
Architectural Achievement for the Greeks•Use of Doric Columns
Age of PericlesPericles hired the best architects and sculptors to rebuild the Acropolis.
Phidias was hired to sculpt the statues which once graced the Parthenon as well as the giant statue that once stood inside
Golden Age Achievements During the Golden Age, art, drama,
philosophy, science, mathematics, and architecture flourished in Athens.
Golden Age Achievements Philosophy: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Drama: Aeschylus, Sophocles Poetry: Homer (Iliad and Odyssey) History: Herodotus, Thucydides Sculpture: Phidias Science: Archimedes, Hippocrates Mathematics: Euclid, Pythagoras Architecture: Parthenon and columns – Doric
(Parthenon), Ionian, and Corinthian
Socrates - Philosopher Founder of Western Philosophy Socratic Method
Inquiry and debate between individuals with opposing viewpoints
Questioned the notion of “might makes right” Put to death by drinking hemlock
Known through the writings of his student, Plato
Plato – Philosopher Student of Socrates Laid the foundation of philosophy
and science Wrote The Republic
Founder of the Academy in Athens First higher education facility in
the western world Teacher to Aristotle
Aristotle - Philosopher Student of Plato and teacher of
Alexander the Great Greek Philosopher Geocentric Theory
Geo = earth Centric = center Earth at center of universe Later expanded by Ptolemy in
Rome
Aeschylus - Drama The roots of Greek drama are in religious festivals
for the gods, chiefly Dionysus, the god of wine in the City of Dionysia
Believed to have won 13 times at the City of Dionysia
Wrote 70-90 plays Only 7 tragedies survived
The Persians Seven against Thebes
Modern picture of the Theatre of Dionysus in Athens where many of Aeschylus's plays were performed
Sophocles - Drama Like Aeschylus, wrote Greek tragedies including
the Theban plays Antigone Oedipus
Won many competitions in Athens and the City of Dionysia for his tragedies
Influenced the development of dramas by adding a third actor which reduced the chorus’ role and allowed characters to be developed more in-depth
Homer - Literature Epic poet, 8th century BCE
Epic poetry – lengthy narrative poem
Author Iliad
One of the oldest works of Western Literature Takes place during the Trojan War
Odyssey Sequel to Iliad, Odysseus returning
home after the fall of Troy
Herodotus - Historian 5th Century BCE Historian
Called the “Father of History” The Histories
1st historian known to collect his materials systematically, test their accuracy to a point and arrange them in a well-constructed and vivid narrative
Thucydides - Historian Greek Historian
“Father of Scientific History”
Evidence gathering and analysis
History of the Peloponnesian War 27 year war between
Athens and Sparta
Phidias - Sculptor Greek sculptor, painter and architect Statue of Zeus at Olympia
One of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World Statue of Athena in Parthenon (hired by
Pericles)
Archimedes - Science Advances of Physics
Lever “Give me a place to stand and I will
move the earth!” Screw pump to move water
Hippocrates - Science “Father of Western Medicine” Greatly advanced the
systematic study of medicine Humorism
Belief in the 4 Humors Later disproved
Euclid - Mathematics Known as the
“Father of Geometry” His Elements is the
most influential work in the history of mathematics
Pythagoras - Mathematics “Everything is made of numbers”
Meant that mathematical relationships explained the basic order in nature.
Pythagorean TheoremThe sum of two squares whose sides are the two legs (blue-a and red-b) is equal to the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse (purple-c).
A2 + B2 = C2
Quick Check1. Who created the lever?2. Who wrote the Iliad?3. Who was the teacher of Alexander the Great?4. Who sculpted the statue of Athena in the
Parthenon?5. Who was considered the Father of History
and wrote a book The Histories?
Architectural Achievements Columns
Column is a vertical structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below
3 types were used in ancient Greece Doric Ionic Corinthian
Doric Columns Corinthian ColumnsIonic Columns
Doric Columns Originally stood on flat
pavement in front of a temple 20 concave grooves around
column up to a flat capital (top piece)
Modern reproduction of Doric Columns
Parthenon has Doric Columns
Ionic Columns Established in Ionia (in
Asia Minor) Stands on a base Volutes on capital
Spiral/Twisted formation
Temple of Artemis
Corinthian Columns Most ornate of the columns Fluted Columns Elaborate Capitals
decorated with ecanthus leaves and scrolls
Modern Corinthian Columns in New York Post Office
Quick Check Which Column?