4 5 2 1 5 1 6

S T R A I N O F C L O S T R I D I U M A C E T O B U T Y L I C U M A N D

P R O C E S S F O R I T S P R E P A R A T I O N

Christopher J Lemme, Jeffrey R Frankiewicz as- signed to CPC International lnc

A novel asporogcnic strain of CIostridium ac- etobutylicum is produced by growing a spore- forming strain in a continuous culturing reactor. Culturing is conducted at a dilution rate which prevents accumulation of butanol and acetone in the medium. Culturing at this dilution rate is continued until the asporogenic strain is ob- tained.

PATENT ABSTRACTS 279

wherein tile carbohydrate material and a metal salt are reacted at elevated temperature to form an intermediate carbohydrate complex salt and/or a lactate metal salt which then is pyro- lyzed in the pre~nce of water into ethanol. Pre- ferred carbohydrate materials for the process are various sugars and the metal salt preferably is a metal oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate. The inter- mediate complex and/or lactate salt may be separated from its aqueous reaction mixture prior to its pyrolysis to reduce the ultimate separation of ethanol from water. Alternatively, the metal of tbe metal salt may be one whose car- bonate decomposes to metal"oxide and carbon dioxide during the pyrolysis step of the process to generate said metal salt in situ.

4522920

P R O D U C T I O N O F E T H A N O L

Conny R Thorsson, Indrek Viira. Jarfalla. Sweden assigned to AIfa-Laval AB

i ~

A flow of fermenting liquor from a fermentor is separated into a yeast concentrate flow, which is recirculated to the fermentor, and a yeast-free flow which is separated in a simple evaporator unit into a first ethanol-enriched vapor flow and a first liquid bottom flow. The first vapor flow is treated to produce the desired ethanol while a major part o f the first liquid bottom flow is recir- culated to the fermentor. A minor, residual part of the latter flow is fed to a stripping unit where it is separated into a second ethanol-enriched vapor flow and a second liquid bottom flow ex- hausted of ethanol.

4523928

G A S O H O L P R O D U C T I O N F R O M T H E R M O C H E M I C A L

C O N V E R S I O N O F B I O M A S S T O E T H A N O L

Melville E D Hillman, William J Huffman, Ed- ward S Lipinsky, Edgel Stambaugh assigned to Battelle Development Corporation

Disclosed is a method for thermochemically converting a carbohydrate material into ethanol

4 5 2 4 7 8 6

C O N T I N U O U S P R O C E S S F O R M I C R O B I A L D E G R A D A T I O N O F

T O B A C C O C O N S T I T U E N T S C O N T A I N I N G N I T R A T E S

Helmut Gaisch. Dieter Schulthess, Cormon- dreche, Switzerland assigned to Fabriques De Tabac Reunies S A

Microbial degradation of nitrates in a tobacco extract takes place in a first fermenter under ex- ponential growth conditions of the micro- organisms employed and subsequently in a second fermenter under stationary growth con- ditions of the degrading micro-organisms. In the first fermenter, carbohydrates are added, while in the second fermenter the depot carbohydrates which the micro-organisms have stored in the first fermenter are utilized.

4529699

P R O C E S S A N D I N S T A L L A T I O N F O R O B T A I N I N G E T H A N O L B Y

T H E C O N T I N U O U S A C I D H Y D R O L Y S I S O F C E L L U L O S I C

M A T E R I A L S

Jose C C Gerez, Maria D C A Gerez, Joseph Mil- ler, Campinas, Brazil assigned to Industrias Vii- lares S A