4- chapter cement and raw material nature.pdf

7/21/2019 4- Chapter Cement and Raw Material Nature.pdf

1/38

-1-4

165

1986.

2/22006 .

:126

Cement

)( .

))1-4.

)(

210.

.

10,000

.

)2-4(


2/38

-))1-4

.


3/38

-))2-4 10000

700

.


4/38

))Lime Stone

)Marl()Aluvium()Chalk()Shells()Clay(

.))Argillaceous))Shale

.

.))1-4

.

)(

.

).(

)( ))Calciner

.))Clinker)(

.))3-4.

4

.


5/38

-))1-4

L.O.I SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO SO3 K2O Na2O Cl

1 n 4.02 0.71 0.81 51.52 1.61 n 0.22 0.08 N

2 35.31 13.25 3.01 2.01 43.46 2.45 n 0.51 0.35 n

2 35.41 13.17 3.92 1.36 43.31 1.51 0.35 0.47 0.45 0.08

1 41.78 3.48 1.98 0.45 51.59 0.41 n n n n

3 31.38 22.44 2.29 2.08 38.17 1.44 0.82 0.62 0.18 n

4 n 15.17 3.48 2.03 39.97 3.49 n n n n

1=

2=

3=

4=

n=


5 21.02 41.56 10.41 3.21 17.92 3.22 n n n n

6 n 61.01 20.01 1.41 3.01 1.71 2.21 1.61 1.01 n

5 24.81 34.72 8.51 3.51 26.29 1.01 n 0.85 0.25 n

5 12.48 48.15 11.78 5.42 10.79 4.99 0.56 2.65 2.22 n

5=

6=


8 9 10.61 1.61 65.41 13.36 n n n n n

9 6.09 75.62 7.81 4.21 2.24 1.21 n 0.31 0.22 n

8 2.58 8.19 6.23 76.21 4.67 2.73 n 0.16 0.52 n

12 n 83.53 5.55 2.71 2.23 n n n n n

11 n 33.37 9.13 0.71 34.39 9.36 0.66 0.62 n n

10 8.03 63.83 10.19 3.79 5.14 3.19 0.71 0.77 3.5 n

8=

9=

10=

11=

12=

L.O.I SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO SO3 K2O Na2O

13 17.72 2.73 0.74 0.81 32.75 0.38 31.21 n n 12.85

13 18.31 0.42 1.41 0.81 24.75 4.02 42.19 n 0.46 n

13 19.53 2.81 0.31 N 30.52 0.71 45.43 n n n

13=


14 5.21 68.31 13.21 5.31 3.61 0.91 n 1.04 1.01 n

15 2.21 57.51 17.1 6.1 6.93 2.76 n 3.01 4.01 n

12 4.14 62.47 17.47 4.16 5.04 0.81 n 3.11 2.61 n

16 4.88 67.17 15.05 2.02 3.92 1.41 0 0.3 2.71 0.12

16 0.43 58.76 2.02 6.41 7.84 4.1 0 1. 71 3.41 0.07

16 4.61 62.85 17.36 4.29 3.21 1.21 n 0.24 0.56 N

15 0.51 47.82 15.21 8.1 12.07 7.84 4.15 n n N

=14 =15 =16 N=


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))3-4

.

((Silica((Clay((CaCO3

.

CaO,SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3

.

((Liquid Phase1250.

.C3S

:

C3S,C2S,C3A,C4AF..

.CaOfree


7/38

-2-4

)

(

,,,,

...

.

,

.

1

.

.

.

.

.

.

,

.


8/38

,

.

5

. .

,

)

.)

:

1-

((Alite((3CaO.SiO2

((Blite((2CaO.SiO2-2

3-

((Aluminate((3CaO. Al2O3

4-

((Ferite((4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3

TiO2MgONa2OK2O

)

(

.

,.

, .


9/38

.

.

.

.

)2-4(

.

((C3S

.

Fe2O3MgO,Al2O3,TiO2

.2

.,

.

c1250

.

.

Fe

2+

.


10/38

)

(

,

.

.

)

Sintering(

.


11/38

-))2-4

N=Na2OC=CaO

K=K2OF=Fe2O3

S=SO3A=Al2O3

S=SiO2M=MgO

T=TiO2P=P2O5

C3S2=3CaO.SiO2C3A5=3CaO.5Al2O3

C2S=2CaO.SiO2CA2=CaO.2Al2O3

C3S2=3CaO.2SiO2C2AS=2CaO.Al2O3.SiO2

C3A=3CaO.Al2O3C2F=2CaO.Fe2O3

C5A3=5CaO.3Al2O3CF=CaO.Fe2O3

C12A7=12CaO.7Al2O3C4AF=4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3

MA=MgO.Al2O3C6A2F=6CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3

M2S=2Mgo.Sio2C6AF2=6CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3

C3MS2=3CaO.MgO.2SiO2KC23S12=K2O.23CaO.12SiO2

CMS=CaO.MgO.SiO2NC8A3=Ka2O.8CaO.3Al2O3

C3T3=3CaO.2TiO2C3P=3CaO.P2O5


12/38

((C2S

.

.

(L.S.F).

.

,

.((Modification

.

10

.

(Falling)

.

.

.

((C3A

.

,

.5

.

.NaC8A3KC8A3


13/38

)

(

)

(

.

.

.

C4AF

C2AC2F.

C6A2FC4AFC6AF.

C4AF.

.

C2(AF),C2(AF)MgO

.

.


14/38

:

,

,

.

.

.

,

.

5/0

3/1

,

6/0

.

3/0

C3S.K2O

MgOFreeCaO)(Na2OC3sC2S.

)

(

.

3(CaO.Al2O3). CaSO4

(2CaO. SiO2)2. CaSO4 ((Solid Solution

.

,C3S

C3S MgO.

.C3S

)2/0

3/0

(

.

)5/1

2

. (


15/38

)

5/4

(

.

.C3T2

2/0

P2o5

C3S C2S , . (

5/2

(,

.

.

(Pockets)

)

(

)

(

.

.

.Ca (OH)2

.

.

)

(

(Unsoundness).

)3-4(

.

)4-4(

.

CaO.

:


16/38

1-

:

.

2-

:

C3AC3S

.

3-

)

(

((L.St III>100

4-

:

.

)3-4(-

)

(

CaO70/6920/6350/5940/51

SiO290/2450/3121/428/2

Al2O312/184/152/2760/19

Fe2O364/096/076/552/22

MgO89/048/085/018/3

K2O19/075/066/0-

Na2O06/019/025/0-

TiO216/024/048/060/1

P2O5-28/0--


17/38

5/2

.

)

(

.

MgO)

(

.

.

5/2MgO

3

.

.

(Magnesia Expansion)

.


18/38

)4-4(-

)

(

(3CaO.SiO22CaO.SiO23CaO.Al2O32CaO (Al2O3.Fe2O3

C3SC2SC3AC2(AF) ,C2ApFi-p

Mg, Al ,Fe,

Fe, Al

Fe , Mg

Mg, Si

653

((MII

((R

) ,(

)(

Mgo

80

60

40

30

15

0

15

11

7

15

8

4

,

,

.

,

,

,

,

.

,

,

.


19/38

-3-4

,

.((C3A .

:

3CaO. Al2O3+ 6H2O 3CaO.Al2O3. 6H2O

3CaO. Al2O3+ Ca(OH)2+l2H2O 4CaO. Al2O3. 13H2O

,)(

C3A.

.

.

.

.

:

3CaO.Al2O3+3 (CaSO4.2H2O) +26H2O 3CaO. Al2O3. 3CaSO4. 32H2O

((Ettringite- trisulfate

8.

,

,


20/38

,

,

.

.

.

)(

.

)

(

.

.

)

(

,

.

.

.C3A

3

5

.


21/38

4-4-

.

Bogue.

.

:

Bogue`s Formulas

C3S = 4.07 CaO-7.60 SiO2-6.72 Al2O3-1.43 Fe2O3-2.82 SO3

C3A =2.65 Al2O3-1.69 Fe2O3

C4AF =3.04 Fe2O3

C3A(64/0((Al2O3/Fe2O3 )

:

C3S = 4.07 CaO-7.60 SiO2-4.48 Al2O3-2.86 Fe2O3-2.85 SO3

C2S = 2.87 SiO2-0.75 C3S

C2F = 1.70 Fe2O3-2.66 Al2O3

C4AF =4.77 Fe2O3


22/38

-5-4

.

.

)5-4(

)7-4(

.

)(

)4-1(

.

)8-4(


23/38

-))5-4

OC

)

(RHC

HSC

)

(LHC

)

(SRC

AEC

BL

POZ


24/38

((ASTM - C 150-))6-4

)

1(

)

5(

((MgO-

SO3-

8C3A-1

8>C3A-2

Loss-

Residiue

C3A-

-B=C4AF+2 C3A-

6

3

5/3

3

75/0

6

3/2

3

75/0

5

20

6/0

1212

Cm-2/g28002800

8/08/0)(

PSI

-1

-2

-3

1800

2800

-

1200

2200

3000

Vicat test-

4545-1

88-2


25/38

B.S.12/1958,B.S.4027/1966-))7-4

-

C3A

MgO-

SO3-

7C3A-1


26/38

-))8-4

SiO2

Al2O3

Fe2O3

CaO

MgO

SO3

Loss

Insoluble ResidiueC3S

C2S

C3A

C4AF

B=C4AF+2C3A

9/21

3/5

3/3

65

2/1

9/1

6/0

2/0

62

23

9

10

1/22

5/3

8/4

3/65

9/0

2

6/0

2/0

52

17

2/1

6/14

17

Cm3/g

Cm2/g

)(

)(

)(

PSI

PSIPSI28

16/3

3150

02/0

165

230

5/9

2300

3600

5450

2/3

3350

01/0

250

330

3/10

1560

3440

5120


27/38

-6-4

.

.

.

.

.

.)(

.

40%

.

)

(

.90 900

.

)

(

,

.

.


28/38

.

)

(

.

.

1800-1700

1450

.

1200-1000

)

-

(

100

.

)9-4(

. ))3-4 ))9-4

.

)3-4(-

.


29/38

-))9-4

0C)(

200

400-100

750-400

900-600

-CA1CS1000-800

2-

=-3

:C4AFCACS1200-800

(C2S1300-1100

)

=:

=

1450-1250

C3S

:

1100-1450

:

,100-1100


30/38

-7-4

:

)

(

.

.2

(L.S.F)

)

(

.

MgO.5/0

)

2

()1(SO3

.

)

(

.

.

.

.


31/38

.

.

.

5

20

90

.

.

)

(,

.

.((C2S

(C2S. &CaO)

((C3S

.

:

1-

:

)

(

CaF2)

.(

(-2 (

-3


32/38

4-

5-

)

,

,

)

(

.(

:

.

)

(

:

1-

.

.

2-

.

3-

.

)

(

.

,

.

)10-3(

.

(

.)


33/38

.

.

)

(

.

)11-3(


34/38

)10-4(-

)

(

1

FA

SMS

+=SR=

3-2

2)(

F

AMA =AR=

2-1

3

FAS

CHM

++=

3/2-7/1

4

64/0MA


35/38

-))11-4

)(

CaO

MgO

67-63

6-5

52-44

5/3-3

.

5

SiO2

Al2O3

Fe2O3

24-21

7-4

5-2

.

65-50

20-15

10-6

Na2O+K2O

SO3

2/1-6/0

5/1

6/0

8/06/0

(3

)

(1

)

P2O5

Mn2O3

TiO2

CI

5/0

4

2

-

6/0-25/0

5/0

3/1

02/0-015/0


36/38

.

.

:

Fe2O3CaO,SiO2,Al2O3

.

.

.

. (

(

.

.

)

(

.

.

.

.


37/38

.

800

1000

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

8/05/04/03/009/015/0

.

5/0

2

7/0

7/3

) .

1500

.(

.


38/38

13.2/0

5/11

.

)

(

.

.

1

2

3

4

.

.

,

.

.

.""""

4- chapter cement and raw material nature.pdf

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