3/28 & 3/31Icebreaker ~

1) What were 3 advantages for the North during the Civil War?

2) What were 2 disadvantages for the North during the C.W.?

3) What were 3 advantages for the South during the C.W.?

4) What were 2 disadvantages for the South during the C.W.?

Reconstruction and its EffectsReconstruction• The period during in which the U.S. began

to rebuild after the Civil War• Also refers to the process the federal

government used to readmit the defeated Confederate states to the Union.

Key Questions

1. How do webring the Southback into the

Union?

2. How do we rebuild the

South after itsdestruction

during the war?

3. How do weintegrate andprotect newly-emancipated

black freedmen?

4. What branchof governmentshould controlthe process of

Reconstruction?

Lincoln’s Plan

Ten percent plan• The government would pardon all

Confederates except high ranking officials and those accused of crimes against prisoners of war.

• As soon as ten percent of those who had voted in 1860 took this oath of allegiance, a Confederate state could form a new state government.

Radical Republicans Wanted to destroy the political power of

former slaveholders. Most of all, they wanted African Americans

to be given full citizenship and the right to vote.

Lincoln Assassinated John Wilkes Booth shoots and kills President

Lincoln at Fords Theatre. Andrew Johnson becomes President

Wade-Davis Bill (1864) Required 50% of the number of

1860 voters to take an “iron clad” oath of allegiance (swearing they had never voluntarily aided the rebellion ).

Required a state constitutional convention before the election of state officials.

Enacted specific safeguards of freedmen’s liberties.

SenatorBenjamin

Wade(R-OH)

Congressman

HenryW. Davis(R-MD)

13th Amendment Ratified in December, 1865. ~

Abolished slavery Neither slavery nor involuntary

servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) Assisted ex-slaves in

the south Many former northern

abolitionists risked their lives to help southern freedmen.

Called “carpetbaggers” by white southern Democrats.

Politics in the Postwar South

Scalawags were white Southerners who joined the Republican Party.

Carpetbaggers were Northerners who moved to the South after the war. TO MAKE THAT $$$$$$$$$$$$$

Congressional ReconstructionReconstruction Act of 1867• Act divided the former Confederate states

into five military districts.• The states were required to give African

Americans the right to vote and ratify the fourteenth amendment in order to reenter the Union.

• Johnson vetoed Reconstruction Act of 1867

14th AmendmentRatified in July, 1868.

* Provide a constitutional guarantee of the rights and security of freed people.

* Insure against neo-Confederate political power.

* Enshrine the national debt while repudiating that of the Confederacy.

Southern states would be punished for denying the right to vote to black citizens!

15th Amendment Ratified in 1870. The right of citizens of the United States

to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Women’s rights groups were furious that they were not granted the vote!

African Americans in Reconstruction First time they held office in local, state, and

federal government. Hiram Revels was the first African American

Senator. Gen. Sherman promised former slaves who

followed his army 40 acres per family and the use of army mules.

Sharecropping and Tenant FarmingSharecropping Landowners divide their land and assigned

each head of household a few acres, along with seed and tools.

Opposition To ReconstructionKu Klux Klan Southern vigilante group. Wanted to destroy the Republican party Throw out the Reconstruction governments. Prevent African Americans from exercising

their political rights.

Support for Reconstruction FadesPanic of 1873 Series of bank failures that triggered a five

year depression. Supreme Court began to undo some of the

social and political changes the Radicals made.

Democrats “Redeem” the South In the Election of 1876, Democrat candidate

Samuel Tilden won the popular vote but was one vote short of electoral victory.

Southern Democrats in Congress agreed to accept Hayes if federal troops were withdrawn from the South.

Supreme Court decision requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine “separate but equal”

Plessy vs. Ferguson