3 major rock groups. 3 major (geologic) rock groups igneous rock sedimentary rock metamorphic rock

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3 Major Rock Groups 3 Major Rock Groups

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Page 1: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

3 Major Rock Groups3 Major Rock Groups

Page 2: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

3 Major (Geologic) Rock 3 Major (Geologic) Rock GroupsGroupsIgneous RockIgneous Rock

Sedimentary RockSedimentary Rock

Metamorphic RockMetamorphic Rock

Page 3: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

Identifying RocksIdentifying Rocks

Igneous pattern Metamorphic pattern Sedimentary pattern

Page 4: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

A. A. Igneous RockIgneous Rock

--Forms when Forms when hot, liquid, rock hot, liquid, rock crystallizes (cools and solidifies).crystallizes (cools and solidifies).

Magma forms 3 ways:Magma forms 3 ways:1.1. Rock is heatedRock is heated2.2. Pressure releasedPressure released3.3. Change compositionChange composition

Basalt lava (glowing rock) oozes over basalt lava flow Holt

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Page 5: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

a.a. Intrusive Igneous RockIntrusive Igneous Rock

-Forms inside Earth-Forms inside Earth

-slow cooling-slow cooling

Page 6: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock
Page 7: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

b. b. Extrusive Igneous RockExtrusive Igneous Rock

-Forms on surface (exterior) of -Forms on surface (exterior) of EarthEarth

-Fast cooling-Fast cooling

Page 8: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

Felsic RockFelsic Rock

-Light colored -Light colored

-made of -made of aluminum, aluminum, potassium, silicon, potassium, silicon, and sodium.and sodium.

Mafic RockMafic Rock

-Dark colored-Dark colored

-Made of calcium, -Made of calcium, iron, and iron, and magnesium.magnesium.

Course-grained Fine-grained

Course-grained Fine-grained

a. Composition of Igneous Rock

Page 9: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

b. b. Texture of Igneous Texture of Igneous RockRock

--Slow Slow cooling cooling forms large forms large crystals. crystals. (Coarse-(Coarse-grained Texture)grained Texture)

--FastFast cooling cooling forms small forms small crystals. crystals. (Fine-(Fine-grained Texture)grained Texture)

Page 10: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

-Rate of cooling -Rate of cooling influences crystal influences crystal size.size.

Fast cooling = small Fast cooling = small crystalscrystals

Slow cooling = large Slow cooling = large crystalscrystals

Show Holt Visual: Igneous Rock Texture

Page 11: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock
Page 12: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

Rock ID practiceUse the rock key to identify the various rocks on your table:

Igneous Rocks Classified according to two qualities or traits:

composition & texture. Glassy- shiny and looks

like glass, not organized

into crystals. Ex: obsidian

Page 13: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

Fine-grained-made of interlocking crystals. Ex: basalt

BASALT

Page 14: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

More Igneous Rocks…

Course Grained Texture- Granite

Page 15: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

More Igneous Rocks…Porous- no crystals, cools rapidly, looks

like a sponge. Ex: pumice

Page 16: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

Diffferent size crystals locked together

More Igneous Rocks…

Page 17: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

More Igneous Rocks…

Page 18: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

Igneous Rock Pop Quiz!Igneous Rock Pop Quiz!Answer these in your NBAnswer these in your NB

1.1. What size crystal forms from extrusive rock?What size crystal forms from extrusive rock?

2.2. What is one way magma forms?What is one way magma forms?

3.3. Generally speaking what color are felsic Generally speaking what color are felsic rocks?rocks?

4. Quality (trait) of a rock based on the size, 4. Quality (trait) of a rock based on the size,

shape, and arrangement of grains is shape, and arrangement of grains is referred to as its… referred to as its… ((See slide #12See slide #12))

5. What are the 2 characteristics that 5. What are the 2 characteristics that geologistsgeologists

study to classify & identify rocks?study to classify & identify rocks?

Page 19: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

Sedimentary RockSedimentary RockStrataStrata layers of rock. layers of rock.

StratificationStratification The process in which The process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers.sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers.

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Page 20: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

3 Types of Sedimentary 3 Types of Sedimentary RockRock

1. 1. Clastic Clastic forms when rock or mineral forms when rock or mineral fragments are cemented together.fragments are cemented together.

Page 21: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

2. 2. ChemicalChemical forms when minerals forms when minerals crystallize out of solution, such as sea crystallize out of solution, such as sea water, to become rock.water, to become rock.

Page 22: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

3. 3. OrganicOrganic forms from the remains of once- forms from the remains of once-living plants and animals.living plants and animals.

Ex: LimestoneEx: Limestone CoalCoal

ChalkChalk

Page 23: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

Sedimentary Pop QuizSedimentary Pop QuizMake 5 questions of your own in your NBMake 5 questions of your own in your NB

Put the answers on the back side of your quiz Put the answers on the back side of your quiz pagepage

1.1. 2.2. 3.3. 4.4. 5.5.

Page 24: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

Metamorphic RockMetamorphic Rock

-Rocks that have undergone a change in -Rocks that have undergone a change in texture, structure, or composition.texture, structure, or composition.

-Changes in heat and pressure cause rocks -Changes in heat and pressure cause rocks to change from one form to another.to change from one form to another.

Page 25: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock
Page 26: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

Origins of Metamorphic Origins of Metamorphic RockRock

Page 27: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

Contact Contact MetamorphismMetamorphism Rock Rock

undergoes undergoes metamorphism metamorphism when it comes when it comes in contact with in contact with magma or is magma or is heated by heated by nearby magma.nearby magma.

Page 28: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

Regional Regional MetamorphismMetamorphism

-Pressure builds up -Pressure builds up in rock that is in rock that is buried deep below buried deep below rock formations or rock formations or when large pieces when large pieces of rock collide.of rock collide.

Page 29: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

Textures of Metamorphic RockTextures of Metamorphic Rock

Foliated the texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands.

Page 30: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

NonfoliatedNonfoliated

-The texture of -The texture of metamorphic rock metamorphic rock in which the in which the mineral grains are mineral grains are notnot arranged in arranged in planes or bands.planes or bands.

Page 31: 3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

Metamorphic Pop QuizMetamorphic Pop QuizMake 5 questions of your own in your NBMake 5 questions of your own in your NB

Put the answers on the back side of your quiz pagePut the answers on the back side of your quiz page

1.1. 2.2. 3.3. 4.4. 5.5.