3 important calculations every marine engineer must know on ships

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Search Marine Insight Facebook 9513 Twitter Google+ LinkedIn Pinterest You are here: Home / Marine World / Marine News / Headline 3 Important Calculations Every Marine Engineer Must Kno On Ships APRIL 21, 2014 BY ANANTH T In ship’s engine room, a number of gauging instruments display various important parameters su level, pressure, temperature etc. But there are some essential parameters which cannot be read through any instrument as they depend on a number of dynamic factors. This demands the marine engineer working onboard ships to do some formula based calculation considering all those factors and with possible available inputs. Of all the important calculations t to be done on board ships, there a few ones which marine engineers must know without fail. Following are 3 important parameters which are most often required to be calculated by marine engineers for record keeping: Forums Photos Videos Premium eBooks Free eBooks HOME NEWS MARINE TECH NAVIGATION SAFETY CAREER LIFE AT SEA NAVAL ARCH PIRACY REPORTS

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  • 6/11/2015 3ImportantCalculationsEveryMarineEngineerMustKnowOnShips

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    3ImportantCalculationsEveryMarineEngineerMustKnowOnShips

    APRIL21,2014BYANANTHT

    Inshipsengineroom,anumberofgauginginstrumentsdisplayvariousimportantparameterssuchaslevel,pressure,temperatureetc.Buttherearesomeessentialparameterswhichcannotbereaddirectlythroughanyinstrumentastheydependonanumberofdynamicfactors.

    Thisdemandsthemarineengineerworkingonboardshipstodosomeformulabasedcalculationsbyconsideringallthosefactorsandwithpossibleavailableinputs.Ofalltheimportantcalculationsthataretobedoneonboardships,thereafewoneswhichmarineengineersmustknowwithoutfail.

    Followingare3importantparameterswhicharemostoftenrequiredtobecalculatedbymarineengineersforrecordkeeping:

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  • 6/11/2015 3ImportantCalculationsEveryMarineEngineerMustKnowOnShips

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    1.BunkerCalculation:

    Bunkertermstofueloilinmaritimeindustry.Bunkerquantitycalculationisthemostimportantcalculationwhicheverymarineengineershouldbefamiliarwiththroughouthiscareer.Bunkerfuel,beingahighvaluedproduct,hastobeverycarefullyandaccuratelycalculatedfordeterminingthequantity.

    Thevolumeofdefinitequantityofbunkerincreaseswithincreaseintemperaturewhereasitsweightremainsthesame.Forthisreason,bunkerisalwaysorderedandmeasuredinweightandnotbyvolume.

    Alsoalltheenergyandefficiencycalculationsoffuelonboardshipsarecalculatedintermsofmassofthefuelratherthanitsvolume.(Calculationofbunkerfuelquantityinweightinvolvesmanyfactorstobeconsideredmakingitmorecomplex.)

    Mostly,thefourthengineerwillbethedeputyoftheChiefengineerforreceivingbunker&measuringbunkerquantityformaintainingrecords.

    Mentionedbelowistheprocedureformeasuringandcalculatingthebunkerquantity:

    >Oncethetotalquantity(tonnes)ofbunkerfueltobereceivedisconfirmed,takesoundingofshipsbunkertanks&calculatetheavailablequantityoffueloilonboardtoformulateabunkeringplandenotinghowmuchtonnesoffueltobebunkeredoneachtank&thetanksequenceofbunkering.

    >Beforecommencingofbunkeroperations,confirmthetemperatureatwhichthebunkeristobereceivedandnotedownthestandarddensityofthefueloil.Withthisparameterscalculatethevolumeofbunkertobereceivedineachtankasperbunkeringplanandnotedownthefinalsoundinglevelofeachtankafterbunkeringusingcapacitytablefortheeaseofstopping&changeovertonexttank.

    Thebasicformulausedforcalculatingthebunkerquantityinweightis:

    Mass=VolumexDensity

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    >Itistobenotedthatintheaboveformula,thedensityandvolumeofbunkerfuelshouldbeknownatsametemperature.

    >Afterreceivingthebunker,takesounding/ullageofallthebunkertanksusingsoundingtapeandnotedownthetanktemperature.UsesoundingpasteinthetapewhilemeasuringdistillatefuelsuchasMDOforeasyreading.

    >Shipalwaysdoesnotfloatwithevenkeelsothefloatingconditionsoftheshipsuchastrimandlistshouldbewellnotedwhiletakingthesoundingofbunkertanks.

    >Everyshipisprovidedwithatankcapacitytableinwhicheachtankcapacityinvolumeismarkedagainstthesuccessivelevelsofsounding/ullagewithcorrectionfactorsundervarioustrimandheelconditionsoftheship.Thevolumeoffueloilattanktemperatureforthecorrespondingtanksoundingisthusmeasuredusingtankcapacitytable,whichgivestheactualsoundedvolume.

    >Thedensityoffueloil(inkg/m3)atstandardreferencetemperatureof15CisalwaysprovidedbythesupplierinBunkerDeliveryNote.WiththisthedensityoffueloilattanktemperaturecanbedeterminedusingASTMtableorusingsoftwaremostcommonlyinstalledonallshipscomputer.

    TheformulausedtocalculatetheTemperatureCorrectedDensityis:

    =(DensityofFuelOil@15C)x[1{(T15)x0.00064}]

    Where:T=temperatureofoilinbunkertanksindegreecelcius,0.00064=Correctionfactor

    Sincethebunkeroilisnormallysuppliedtothevesselattemperaturehigherthen15C,theformulausedforcalculatingthebunkerquantityinweightwillbe

    MetricTonnes=(ActualSounderVolume)X(TemperatureCorrectedDensity)

    >Thecorrespondingvaluesofeachtankaretabulatedforeasyreadingandthetotalweightofbunkerquantityiscalculated.

  • 6/11/2015 3ImportantCalculationsEveryMarineEngineerMustKnowOnShips

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  • 6/11/2015 3ImportantCalculationsEveryMarineEngineerMustKnowOnShips

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    2.SpecificFuelOilConsumption(SFOC):

    SpecificfueloilconsumptionisthemeasureofmassoffuelconsumedperunittimetoproduceperKW.ThemarineengineefficiencyisusuallydeterminedusingtheSFOC.

    Inordertoachieveaccuracy,thefuelconsumptionandpowerdevelopedisalwaysmeasuredoverasuitabletimeperiodonagoodweather.TheformulausedforcalculatingSFOCis:

    SFOC(g/kwh)=Massoffuelconsumedperhour/PowerdevelopedinKW

    >Thereadingsofflowmetertomainengineshouldbenotedoverthespecifiedtimeintervalsay1hour.Withthedifferenceinreadingsthevolumeoffuelconsumedisobtained.ItcanalsobemeasuredbynotingdowntheHFOservicetankreadingprovidedtheoilisbeingsuppliedonlytomainengine.

    >Themassofobservedvolumeoffuelconsumedcanbedeterminedbyfollowingtheabovesaidbunkercalculationprocedure.

    >ThehorsepowercanbemeasuredusingdynamometeriffittedontheshaftoftheenginewhichwillindicatetheBHPindigitalindicator.Ifnot,thehorsepowercanalsobecalculatedusingenginerpmandaveragepumpfuelindexwiththeaidofenginecharacteristiccurveofvariousseatrialswhichissuppliedbythemanufacturer.Howeverthecalorificvalueofthefuelusedforseatrialmaydifferandhencecompensationfactorhastobedeterminedtoobtaintheaccuracyincalculation.

  • 6/11/2015 3ImportantCalculationsEveryMarineEngineerMustKnowOnShips

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    MarineEngineerafterdoingMechanicalEngineering

    3.PercentageofSlip:

    Slipisconsideredasthedifferencebetweenthespeedoftheengineand

    actualspeedoftheship.Itisalwayscalculatedinpercentage.Positiveslipisinfluencedbyvariousreasonssuchasfouledbottomorhullpartwhichoffersresistancetothemovementofship,environmentalfactorssuchaswatercurrentandwindagainsttheshipdirection.Slipmaybenegativeiftheshipspeedisinfluencedbyfollowingseaorwind.Engineslipiscalculateddailyonboardthevesselandrecordedinlogbook.

  • 6/11/2015 3ImportantCalculationsEveryMarineEngineerMustKnowOnShips

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    EnginedistanceObserveddistance

    PercentageofSlip=X100%

    Enginedistance

    Theactualdistance(nauticalmile)coveredbytheshipfromnoontonoonismeasuredusingshipslog.

    Thetotalrevolutionsofthepropellerfromnoontonoonisobtainedusingrevolutioncounter.Theenginedistancecanbecalculatedusingthepitchofthepropellerprovidedbythemanufacturer.Caremustbetakeninunitconversionofpitchfrommetertonauticalmile(ingeneral1NM=1800m).

    Enginedistanceinnauticalmile=(Pitchxrevolutionsperday)

    Obtainingtheaccuracyofvalueinalltheabovecalculationsarealwayschallengingonboardastheparametersrecordedaremoresensitivetodynamicconditionsoftheshipandalsodependsonvariousenvironmentalfactors.

    Overtoyou

    Doyouknowanyotherimportantcalculationthatcanbeaddedtothislist?

    Letusknowinthecommentsbelow.

    References&ImageCredits:

    M.V.JagRahulShipstankcapacityplanmanual.

    M.T.JagPreetiMITSUIB&WOperation&DataManual

    ReedsNavalArchitectureforMarineengineers.

    ReportanError

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    AboutAnanthTAnanthisaMEOclassIVcompetencycertificateholder,workingwiththeGreatEasternShippingcompany.Asamarineengineer,hehassailedonbothbulkcarriersandoiltankers.Whennotsailing,helikestosharehisseafaringknowledgeandexperienceswithfellowmaritimeprofessionals.

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    COMMENTS

    ErikBremsKristensensaysApril21,2014at4:23pm

    Itisallcorrect.Whanimissisthecomparisonofthefuelcomsumptionwithareference.Thereferenceisthespecificfuelconsumptionontestbedatthemanufacturer.Herethefuelconsumptionaswellastheengineperformancedataaremeasured,andconvertedtotheISOcondition.ItisimportantfortheactualsituationalsotorecordtheengineperformancedataandtoconvertthemtoISO,otherwiseyoucompareappleswithpears.Therearenotmanytoolsavailableforthismanouver.Youcandoitallmanually,butitwillconsumealotoftime.Atourwebsiteyoucanseeouttool,whereyougettheisocorrectionandcomparisoninstantlywhenenteringtheperformancedata.

    MIKOYsaysApril21,2014at4:36pm

  • 6/11/2015 3ImportantCalculationsEveryMarineEngineerMustKnowOnShips

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    Really,andtheyhaventautomatedityet?

    NIRBENsaysApril21,2014at5:13pm

    iscorrectionfactorof0.00064isapplicableforalloillikeheavyoil,dieseloiletc..

    saidakrasaysApril21,2014at5:46pm

    Verygoodinformation

    DhineshKhannasaysApril21,2014at7:29pm

    Greatworkananthveryusefulinfo

  • 6/11/2015 3ImportantCalculationsEveryMarineEngineerMustKnowOnShips

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    ConradoWLalimsaysApril22,2014at4:19pm

    0.00064isnotaconstantcorrectionfactor.Thisdefendsonqualityofeveryoilbunkered.NormallyontheBDR,densityisgivenat15degcent.AnestimateddensityathighertempisalsomentionedontheBDRe.g.Densityat15degcent=0.9891,densityat40degcent=0.9687.Tempdiffthenwillbe30anddensityis0.0204.Thecorrectionfactorthenshouldbe[0.0204/30=0.00068ton/degoftemprise.

    R.SHANMUGAMsaysApril23,2014at2:37pm

    itsVeryUsefulandeasyunderstandingarticleMr.Ananth.KeepWriting..

    BuddyHarsaysApril23,2014at3:56pm

    atlastIfoundwhatIneedaslongthistimethanktoyou

  • 6/11/2015 3ImportantCalculationsEveryMarineEngineerMustKnowOnShips

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    aminsaysApril24,2014at2:43pm

    yrinfo.asstarsforanyonegetlostinthetech.desert,SFOC.isthemostinterestingfactormustbutinconsiderationtoavoidanycommercialdisaster,imean,thefuelisbigproblemforexpensesso,sfocveryimportant

    AshokRobinsaysApril25,2014at9:34pm

    Greatworkcongrats

    BalachanderRajagopalansaysMay7,2014at11:58am

    HiAnanth,

    Averyniceandusefulpostwhichshouldcomeusefultoanyengineerwhohastohandlebunkers.

    Keepupthegoodwork:)

  • 6/11/2015 3ImportantCalculationsEveryMarineEngineerMustKnowOnShips

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    AjaisaysMay24,2014at11:05am

    DearAnanth,Verygoodtopicdiscussed.Ifeelthereisasmallcorrectioninslipitsholdbepositiveslip.Negativeslipinfluencedbyfavaroublecurrentandhenclessercons.

    Withrods,AJAIKUMAR

    AnishsaysMay24,2014at12:05pm

    ThankyouAjai,

    Wellnotedandcorrectedthetypo.

    MohamedKazzalisaysJune20,2014at1:23pm

    NiceJobBuddies.

  • 6/11/2015 3ImportantCalculationsEveryMarineEngineerMustKnowOnShips

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    maazahmedsaysAugust16,2014at12:56am

    ima4E.veryinformativeforme..butialsoreadsmvrabtsubtracting0.0011fromdensity@15degcelciusforsmcorrectionfactorforbuoyancyinair..plsadvice

    kassahunkashesaysAugust20,2014at10:02pm

    IfoundwhatIneedatthistime!!10QAnanthT.

    emuowootovwodoOneGodsaysSeptember6,2014at4:56pm

    thankuforimpactingdpublicwiththisknowledge.manymarineengineershasgottenproblemsinfuelconsumptioncalculations.butwithwhatyouhaveexplained.lbelievedourjobsasJuniorofficersismadeeasy.OneGod.

  • 6/11/2015 3ImportantCalculationsEveryMarineEngineerMustKnowOnShips

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    IvanSanchezsaysSeptember25,2014at8:20am

    Areallygoodpost.Asa3rdEng,IreallyfoundthisveryinterestingsincenormallyIdontdothebunkerplanbutonlytheChiefEngineer.Anywayitisnotsocomplicatedafteryouhavegotsomeexperiencewhenyouloadbunker.

    VishnubennysaysOctober7,2014at9:07pm

    Goodinformatn...kepitupndkeepgoing..

    vineetsaysNovember4,2014at7:18am

    Intheslipcalculationyousayobserveddistanceshouldbeshipslogdistance.isitcorrect?AspermyunderstandingitisDaysRunorGPSdistancenowadays..Logdistancewillgivehugevariationsintheactualslip

  • 6/11/2015 3ImportantCalculationsEveryMarineEngineerMustKnowOnShips

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    RamakrishnansaysDecember28,2014at3:45pm

    verynice

    AminulsaysApril1,2015at7:56am

    Itisgoodtohaveallimportantcalculationsinonepage.Ihaveasuggestiontoyou,thatyoucanaddthecalculationforbunkerrequisiton,co2bottleweightmeasurement,scbatimedurationcalculation,etc.

    saysMay10,2015at2:29pm

    Greatarticle.

  • 6/11/2015 3ImportantCalculationsEveryMarineEngineerMustKnowOnShips

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    KamleshkumarsaysMay11,2015at11:30am

    Great,verygoodinformation,Keepitcontinue.

    PRINCEKUMARsaysMay11,2015at3:46pm

    Itisveryuseful.

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