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CASTORCASTORIPIP

COCO22, from Capture to Storage, from Capture to Storage

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CASTOR general objectivesCASTOR general objectives

•To reduce the costs of post-combustion capture at industrial scale from 50-60 € down to 20-30 € per ton of CO2 by developing and improving technologies for the treatment of large volumes of flue gases with low initial CO2 content and low pressure. A suite of methods and new technologies adapted to the special requirements of different plants (coal, lignite, gas) will be developed and validated.•To develop methods to establish the safety and security of underground storage sites prior to injection, and to monitor the stored CO2 in a reliable and cost-effective way. The site assessment and monitoring strategies will be robust, versatile and applicable to the full range of potential European storage site types.•To develop flexible integrated infrastructures for capture, transport, and underground storage, that are both safe and economically viable.•To develop most cost efficient strategy for capture and storage implementation, e.g. coal plants, small distances of transport, enhanced oil recovery storage.

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CASTOR general objectivesCASTOR general objectives

•To develop risk and impacts assessment methodologies specifically tailored to the requirements of CO2 capture, transport, and underground storage.

•To reinforce the competitiveness of the European industry and research infrastructure on capture, transport and storage of CO2. CASTOR will build on established European expertise which includes the only case of CO2 aquifer storage in the world.•To utilise and develop expertise in SME’s that have potential markets in the concept developments.•To improve and enlarge the existing multi-national European network of R&D providers, industry partners, and universities as a means of trans-national integration. This will also involve the integration of new partners from the future member states of the EU.•To strengthen the technical training capacity and level of participating universities.•To increase public awareness, knowledge and acceptance of the concept of capture, transport and underground storage by dissemination of information to technical and non-technical audiences.

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CASTOR general overviewCASTOR general overview

Preliminary budget and timing: 30 M€ Preliminary budget and timing: 30 M€ during 4-5 yearsduring 4-5 years

5 Sub-Projects:5 Sub-Projects: SP1: Strategy for COSP1: Strategy for CO22 reduction (9% of total budget) reduction (9% of total budget) SP2: Post-combustion capture (40%)SP2: Post-combustion capture (40%) SP3: Infrastructures and logistics (5%)SP3: Infrastructures and logistics (5%) SP4: COSP4: CO22 geological storage (37%) geological storage (37%) SP5: Risk management and corrective actions (9%)SP5: Risk management and corrective actions (9%)

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CASTOR general overviewCASTOR general overview

• WP1.1 Technologyoptions for CO2 reductionstrategy

• WP1.2 Geologicalstorage options for CO2

reduction strategy

• WP1.3 Economicevaluation of technologyand storage options

• WP1.4 Evaluation oflegal framework

• WP1.5 Publicacceptance of concept

• WP1.6 Evaluation ofpublic acceptance

SP1 - Strategy forCO2

(9%9reduction

• WP2.1 Evaluation,optimisation andintegration of post-combustion captureprocesses

• WP2.2 Identification ofmost promising liquidsand design datageneration

• WP2.3 Design ofmembrane basedabsorption/desorptionprocesses

• WP2.4 Advancedabsorption/desorptionprocesses

• WP2.5 Processvalidation in pilot plant

SP2 – CO2 post-combustion capture

• WP3.1 Transport systemanalysis, modelling andrequirements

• WP3.2 Processes andmaterials for pipelinetransportation

• WP3.3 Large-scaletransport infrastructure inthe EU

SP3 – Infrastructureand logistics

• WP4.1 Barriersproperties database andrepresentative scenariodefinition

• WP4.2 Chemical impactof CO2 on site safety

• WP4.3 Mechanicalimpact of CO2 on sitesafety

• WP4.4 Well integrity

• WP4.5 Whole systemfluid flow

• WP4.6 Monitoring

• WP4.7 Field laboratory

• WP4.8 Criteria for siteselection andmanagement

SP4 – CO2 storage ingeological reservoirs

• WP5.1 Benchmark of riskmanagement practices inHSE

• WP5.2 Impactassessment

• WP5.3 Risk assessmentmethodology

• WP5.4 Development ofpreventive and correctiveactions

SP5 – Riskmanagement andcorrective actions

CASTORSP0 - Project

management

• WP0.1 Projectmanagement

• WP0.2 Disseminationand training

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ObjectivesObjectives Monitoring process on COMonitoring process on CO22 reduction strategy reduction strategy Acceptance of the whole concept (economic aspects, Acceptance of the whole concept (economic aspects,

legal aspects, public acceptance)legal aspects, public acceptance)

Work packagesWork packages WP1 Integration of COWP1 Integration of CO22 reduction options reduction options WP2 Economic wrap up of R&D resultsWP2 Economic wrap up of R&D results WP3 Public acceptance of conceptWP3 Public acceptance of concept WP4 Legal framework assessmentWP4 Legal framework assessment

SP1. Strategy for COSP1. Strategy for CO22 reduction reduction

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ObjectivesObjectives

Development of absorption liquids, with a thermal Development of absorption liquids, with a thermal energy consumption of 2.0 GJ/tonne COenergy consumption of 2.0 GJ/tonne CO2 2 at 90% at 90%

recovery ratesrecovery rates Resulting costs per tonne COResulting costs per tonne CO22 avoided not higher avoided not higher

than 20 to 30 €/tonne COthan 20 to 30 €/tonne CO22, depending on the type fuel, depending on the type fuel

Pilot plant tests showing the reliability and efficiency Pilot plant tests showing the reliability and efficiency of the post-combustion capture processof the post-combustion capture process

SP2. COSP2. CO22 post-combustion capture post-combustion capture

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Work packagesWork packages

WP1 Setting up framework for comparison and

continuous evaluation WP2 Selection of most promising absorption liquids WP3 Design of absorption process WP4 Design of desorption process WP5 Experimental performance assessment WP6 Assessment of the overall process and

integration with power plant/infrastructure

SP2. COSP2. CO22 post-combustion capture post-combustion capture

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ObjectivesObjectives

Cost effective and safe transport of COCost effective and safe transport of CO22

Integration with plants and storageIntegration with plants and storage

Work packagesWork packages

WP1 Transport system common issuesWP1 Transport system common issues WP2 Pipeline transportation - Seabed/Onshore WP2 Pipeline transportation - Seabed/Onshore WP3 Ship TransportationWP3 Ship Transportation WP4 InfrastructuresWP4 Infrastructures

SP3. Infrastructures & logisticsSP3. Infrastructures & logistics

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ObjectivesObjectives

Provide criteria for the acceptance of geological storage (capacity, COProvide criteria for the acceptance of geological storage (capacity, CO22

residence time, leakage volume and flux, wells durability) in aquifers and residence time, leakage volume and flux, wells durability) in aquifers and

hydrocarbon reservoirs (oil & gas)hydrocarbon reservoirs (oil & gas)

Optimise operations (short-term: injection)Optimise operations (short-term: injection)

Work packagesWork packages WP1 Storage characterizationWP1 Storage characterization WP2 Well integrityWP2 Well integrity WP3 Reservoir and cap rock propertiesWP3 Reservoir and cap rock properties WP4 Reservoir fluid flowWP4 Reservoir fluid flow WP5 Injected gas qualityWP5 Injected gas quality WP6 Criteria for reservoir acceptanceWP6 Criteria for reservoir acceptance

SP4. COSP4. CO22 storage: Geological reservoirs storage: Geological reservoirs

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ObjectivesObjectives

Provide criteria for the acceptance of geological storage by increase of the Provide criteria for the acceptance of geological storage by increase of the understanding of the interactions between the storage and surrounding understanding of the interactions between the storage and surrounding formations up to the surface (regional scale, long term)formations up to the surface (regional scale, long term)

Define a methodology for monitoring the storage and overburden, including Define a methodology for monitoring the storage and overburden, including

abandonment proceduresabandonment procedures

Work packagesWork packages WP1 Overburden characterisationWP1 Overburden characterisation WP2 COWP2 CO22 and fluid flow dynamics in overburden and fluid flow dynamics in overburden WP3 Geochemical and geomechanical processes and rock propertiesWP3 Geochemical and geomechanical processes and rock properties WP4 Geophysical monitoringWP4 Geophysical monitoring WP5 Geochemical monitoringWP5 Geochemical monitoring

SP5. COSP5. CO22 storage: surrounding storage: surrounding

formations & monitoringformations & monitoring

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ObjectivesObjectives

Provide a accepted methodology for risk assessment dedicated Provide a accepted methodology for risk assessment dedicated

to COto CO22 capture, infrastructure & geological storage capture, infrastructure & geological storage

Assess the impact of COAssess the impact of CO22 leakage and provide a remediation leakage and provide a remediation

strategystrategy

WorkWork packages packages Benchmark of risk management best practicesBenchmark of risk management best practices Risk assessment methodologyRisk assessment methodology Impact assessment Impact assessment Development of corrective actionsDevelopment of corrective actions

SP6. Risk management & corrective actionsSP6. Risk management & corrective actions

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ENCAPENCAPIPIP

Enhanced capture of COEnhanced capture of CO22

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ENCAP Technological objectiveENCAP Technological objective

To cut lead-time and improve cost for emerging pre-combustion carbon capture technologies attributed to power generation for continued use of fossil fuels in Europe - and the world - in a resource-efficient and environmentally benign manner, and to ease the interface with transport and storage for CO2.

To assess, research and perform development work required to qualify and generalise previously non-existent methodologies and technologies for carbon capture. The aim is to quantify and minimise risks and uncertainties required for commercial and public acceptance.

To provide precombustion decarbonisation technologies in power cycles operated by natural gas, residue oil, hard coal and lignite with the objective of achieving:

•at least 90% capture rate for C02

•50% capture cost reduction - from a level of 50-60 € per tonne of CO2 captured including technical validation including all steps of research of selected prospective concepts with economical assessment and HSE-conformance - with links to transportation and storage.

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ENCAP Scientific objectivesENCAP Scientific objectives

To generate new knowledge and comprehension of systems, processes, materials and matter by characteristics of potentiality, constraints and governing mechanisms pertaining to pre-combustion decarbonisation of fossil fuels, with a bearing on solutions that (might) facilitate sequestering of CO2.

Pre-combustion decarbonisation strategies:•Options are complex and numerous - especially for coal and lignite. For instance, the formation of CO2 and water vapour by oxidation of methane in air includes some 50 species and 500 separate reactions. •Important to have a well-developed conception of the nature of fuels in interaction with other substances. •Therefore research on materials, processes, modelling and methodology becomes decisive.

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ENCAP general overviewENCAP general overview

SP1Process and Power systems

SPL: Vattenfall(SE)

SP2Pre-combustion

Decarbonisation TechnologiesSPL: RWE Rheinbraun(DE)

SP3OxyFuel

Boiler TechnologiesSPL: Vattenfall(SE)

WP 1.1 Determination of robust guidelines for techn. concepts

WP 1.2 Power systems evaluation and benchmarking

WP 1.3 Capture influence on the European power situation

WP 2.1 Definition and analysis of plant concepts

WP 2.2 Optimisation of CO shift conversion

WP 2.3 Fundamentals in H2 rich combustion

WP 2.4 Development of capture unit integration with plant

WP 2.5 Development of overall plant outline specification

WP 3.1 Fundamentals in oxy-fuel combustion

WP 3.2 OxyFuel coal PFretrofit concept

WP 3.3 OxyFuel greenfieldcoal PF definition

WP 3.4 OxyFuel greenfieldcoal CFB definition

WP 3.5 OxyFuel combustionpilot testing

WP 3.6 OxyFuel combustion endurance test

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ENCAP general overviewENCAP general overview

SP4Chemical Looping Combustion

SPL: IFP(FR)

SP5High Temperature Oxygen

Generation for Power CyclesSPL: Linde(DE)

SP6Novel Pre-Combustion

Capture ConceptsSPL: Alstom(CH)

WP 4.1 Characterisation of actual reactive CLC materials

WP 4.2 Definition and scale-up of CLC-CFB

WP 4.3 Innovative reactorsR&D

WP 5.1 Oxygen-process selection and integration

WP 5.2 Development of oxygenseparator membrane

for power cycles

WP 5.3 Development of CAR process

WP 5.4 Development of oxygen-transport membrane systems

for power productionWP 5.5 Stability definition of

high-temperature oxygen generation materials

WP 6.1 Methodology formodelling and screening of

optimisation concepts

WP 6.2 Modelling, designand operational analysis

WP 6.3 Key componenttesting and characterisation

WP 6.4 Economic evaluationof concepts

WP 4.4 CLC modelling evaluation and optimisation

WP 4.3 CLC-CFB pilot plantadaptation and testing

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ULCOSULCOSIPIP

Ultra Low CO2 Steelmaking programme

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ULCOSULCOS has a few simple general objectives has a few simple general objectives

develop steelmaking process technologies to produce steel develop steelmaking process technologies to produce steel for the post-Kyoto period with for the post-Kyoto period with GHG emissions less than 50%GHG emissions less than 50% of today's benchmark blast furnace of today's benchmark blast furnace

ULCOS is focused on ULCOS is focused on producing steel from virgin iron unitproducing steel from virgin iron unitss

a demonstration pilot should be running by the end of the full a demonstration pilot should be running by the end of the full program, i.e. after about program, i.e. after about 10 years10 years

the program the program initially initially will cover will cover a first period of 5 yearsa first period of 5 years, during , during which which the program will lead to the selection and the the program will lead to the selection and the preparation of the large-size pilot demonstration unit.preparation of the large-size pilot demonstration unit.

this later part will be covered in this later part will be covered in a further programa further program (7 (7thth FP) FP)

ULCOS program will be carried out according to the ULCOS program will be carried out according to the principles spelled out in the next slideprinciples spelled out in the next slide

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ULCOS approachULCOS approach

3-steps3-steps time-approach (5 year program) time-approach (5 year program) Evaluation with technological surveys, benchmarking, Evaluation with technological surveys, benchmarking,

modeling, simple laboratory experiments (Tmodeling, simple laboratory experiments (T00 + 18 months = T + 18 months = T11))

Small experiments (TSmall experiments (T11 + 36 months = T + 36 months = T22))

Large scale experiments (TLarge scale experiments (T22 + 6 months) + 6 months)

FunnelFunnel subject-approach subject-approach Initially a large number of technologies should be evaluatedInitially a large number of technologies should be evaluated Scope gets narrower at each step (e.g. 30 -10 - 3 subjects) Scope gets narrower at each step (e.g. 30 -10 - 3 subjects)

EEvaluation criteriavaluation criteria for "stop or go" decision for "stop or go" decisionss at each step at each step will be will be developed as part of the first stage of the projectdeveloped as part of the first stage of the project

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ULCOS programmeULCOS programme

Steering CommitteeSteering Committee Technical CommitteeTechnical Committee Working GroupsWorking Groups

#1 New Blast Furnace#1 New Blast Furnace #2 Smelting Reduction#2 Smelting Reduction #3 DRI#3 DRI #4 Hydrogen#4 Hydrogen #5 Electrolysis of Iron Ore#5 Electrolysis of Iron Ore ##6 CO6 CO22 capture & sequestration capture & sequestration #7 Biomass#7 Biomass #8 New Steels#8 New Steels #9 Scenario and sustainability modeling#9 Scenario and sustainability modeling

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COCO22CAP general overviewCAP general overview

Carbon

Hydrogen Electrons

Coke

Coal

Natural Gas

Syngas

H2

H2 by electrolysis of H2OElectricity

Blast Furnace+ plasma

EAF

NG Prereduction

Blast Furnace

Smelting Reduction from coal

Redsmelt

H2 prereduction

Electrolysis

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COCO22CAPCAPNoINoI

Capture of CO2 from industrial processes and power plants

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COCO22CAP Scientific objectivesCAP Scientific objectives

•To establish a Pan-European Virtual Research Centre for CO2 capture with a public profile by integrating the nearly 90 CO2-capture technology researchers and technology developers into a consistent research framework and solid organisational structure for the network.

•To make the European research effort in this field more cost effective, innovative and productive by creating task-dedicated research groups working under a common umbrella with a common goal.

•To build on existing equipment and infrastructure and develop a minimum of three highly specialised test-facilities for post-combustion CO2-capture, pre-combustion CO2-capture and denitrogenated conversion.

•To promote and realise exchange of know-how and personnel ( … per year), sharing and specialisation of facilities and resources for the network benefit and for efficiency improvements.

•To establish an effective dissemination and exchange platform that will arrange or contribute scientific seminars, workshops, conferences for young scientists, and at the same time be a meeting ground between research and industry

•To develop common test-facilities for post-combustion CO2-capture, pre-combustion CO2-capture and denitrogenated conversion.

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COCO22CAP Scientific objectives (contd..)CAP Scientific objectives (contd..)

•To establish a "Foresight group" that can be used by European policy makers and media for retrieving reliable and objective up to date information and forecasts in an easily accessible form.

•To integrate power generation RTD activities with CO2 capture activities, ensuring that all gas cleaning requirements are met while having a minimum impact on plant performance, reliability and operability

•To develop and demonstrate affordable CO2-capture technology options supported by industry.

•To develop an agreed platform and means for a uniform and comparative assessment of different CO2-capture technologies as desired by industry and government starting with detailing the long-term strategic objectives and translating them into R&D objectives.

•To incorporate and involve equipment suppliers in the network, particularly small- and medium enterprises, which are instrumental in developing and commercialising novel capture processes, thereby providing a platform to these suppliers.

•To continuously investigate and review concepts being considered elsewhere in the world and to develop international workshops/collaborations as appropriate.

•To safeguard IPR of CO2CAP as a whole.

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COCO22CAP general overviewCAP general overview

Capturemethod

Post-combustionprocesses

Pre-combustionprocesses

Denitrogenated procesess

Principle ofseparationMembranes Membrane gas absorption

Polymeric membranes Ceramic membranes Facilitated transport

membranes Carbon molecular sieve

membranes

CO2/H2 separation based on: Ceramic membranes Polymeric membranes Palladium membranes Membrane gas absorption

O2-conducting membranes Facilitated transport membranes Solid oxide fuel cells

Adsorption Limecarbonation/calcinations

Carbon based sorbents

Dolomite, hydrotalcites andother carbonates

Zirconates

Adsorbents for O2/N2, perovskites Chemical looping

Absorption Improved absorption liquids Novel contacting equipment Improved design of

processes

Improved absorption liquids Improved design of

processes

Absorbents for O2/N2 separation

Cryogenic Improved liquefaction CO2/H2 separations Improved distillation for airseparation

Energyconversion

Novel power cycles Hydrogen in gas turbines Novel power cycles Gasification Reforming

Combustion in O2/CO2

atmosphere Novel power cycles

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COCO22CAP general overviewCAP general overview

Capturemethod

Post-combustionprocesses

Pre-combustionprocesses

Denitrogenatedprocesess

Principle ofseparationMembranes TNO, Sintef, NTNU, Twente

University, IFP, CERTHTNO, Sintef, NTNU, TwenteUniversity, Cranfield University,IFP, CERTH

Twente University, CERTH

Adsorption CSIC, Cranfield University,CERTH

CSIC, Cranfield University, ETH,TNO

Chalmers University, CSIC, IFP,TNO, NTNU

Absorption NTNU, Sintef, TNO, TwenteUniversity, IFP, CERTH

NTNU, Sintef, TNO, TwenteUniversity, IFP

Twente University, CERTH

Cryogenic - - -

Energyconversion

NTNU, University of Liège,Cranfield University, PaderbornUniversity, CERTH, IEA GHG,Sintef

Sintef, University of Liége,University of Paderborn, CERTH,IEA GHG, Cranfield University,NTNU

Chalmers University, Sintef,Cranfield University, University ofLiège, Univesity of Paderborn,CERTH, IEA GHG, NTNU

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CACHETCACHETIPIP

Hydrogenproduksjon med CO2-fjerningBP

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CO2SINKCO2SINKIPIP

Capture of CO2 from biomass combustion, gas field storage

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MATCHMATCH

Integrert optimalisering og regulering.NTNU koordinator : Sigurd SkogestadStatoil deltar med LNG/Snøhvit case.