Name______________________________________________ Period __________

Fall Semester ReviewPre-AP Science 7

Directions: The following questions are separated by the units of study. Units are followed by a list of vocabulary words that you should be familiar with for the final exam.

Part I Lab Safety (p. 669-671, Safety Contract) Be familiar with safety symbols and rules.

1. What is the most important rule to follow in the science lab?

____________________________________________________________________________

Scientific Inquiry (p. 10-16)

Scientific methodProblemVariablesControlsInferenceHypothesis

DataExperimentModelObservationConclusionExperimental Investigation

Descriptive InvestigationRepeated TrialsValidIndependent variableDependent variableConstant Variable

2. The purpose of the scientific method is to answer a question or solve a _________________.

3. Answer the following questions:

a. What is the purpose of the hypothesis?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________

b. What is the purpose of an experiment?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________

4. Why do you want as many constants as possible in an experiment?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________

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5. What is the relationship between the independent & dependent variable in an experiment?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________

6. Study the Line Graph on pg. 667 in your textbook. Approximately how many calories would a

person with a body mass of 70 kg burn in 30 minutes?

___________________________________________________________

7. Study the Circle Graph on pg. 668 in your textbook. What conclusion can be drawn from this graph?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________

8. What do these letters represent?

DRY____________________________________________________

MIX_____________________________________________________

9. Read the following and answer the questions.

For his science project, Sam decided to test the effect of a vitamin on the growth of radish seeds.

Sam thought that if vitamins helped the nutrition and growth of humans, the vitamins would increase

the growth of radish seeds. Sam planted 5 radish seeds in 100 grams of soil and added 10 ml of

water to the soil. Next, Sam crushed a multi-vitamin and dissolved it in 10 ml of vitamin water. He

planted a second set of 5 radish seeds in 100 grams of soil and then added the 10 ml of vitamin

water to the soil. Both groups were placed in a sunny window. After one, week, Sam observed that

only one radish seed in the vitamin solution developed into a plant. In the soil given plain water, four

seeds developed into plants.

a. State the hypothesis

_______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

b. Identify four constants in the experiment

_______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

c. Identify the independent variable____________________________________________

d. Identify the dependent variable______________________________________________

10. Study the diagram and answer the questions.

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a. Write one observation related to this diagram.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

b. Write one inference based upon your observation.

__________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

11. Directions: Read the following and use the data table to help you answer the questions.

Elizabeth feeds her dog 500 grams of Purina Chow dog food at 7:30 each morning for seven days.

She records the following data in her science journal.

a. What is the problem question that Elizabeth is trying to answer?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

b. Calculate the average amount of food consumed by the dog each week and record this data in

the data table in the “Average” row.

c. Analyze this data and write a conclusion to this experiment in the space below.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________

Measurement12. Complete the following chart. (pg. 654 – 655) Be able to accurately read each measurement tool

!

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Type of Measurement

Definition Measurement Tool

Unit(s) of Measurement

Length

VolumeLiquids

Solids

Mass

Temperature

Force

13. What is the difference in length (cm) between the two objects below? Answer:______________

14. What is the volume of water in the graduated cylinder? Answer:______________

15. What is the mass of this object? Answer:______________

Work

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16. You have done work on an object when you _________________________________________________________________

17. Two people push a 32 N crate a distance of 15 meters from the kitchen to the garage. Calculate the amount of work that was done. W= F X D

_______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Chemistry of Life (Class Notes and p.24, 26-30)MatterAtomElementCompoundsMoleculesPhysical ChangeChemical ChangeChemical ReactionReactant

ProductChemical BondOrganic CompoundInorganic CompoundMacromoleculePolymerizationMonomerPolymerCarbohydrates

GlucoseLipidsProteinsAmino acidsEnzymesNucleic AcidsNucleotide

18. Matter is anything that takes up ________________________ and has ______________. Matter

is made of _________________________________ _.

19. What is an element?

________________________________________________________________.

When two or more different elements combine together, they form a

________________________________________________________________.

20. Describe the two types of changes that matter can undergo and give an example of each.

Change in Matter Definition Example

21. Ba + FeBr2 BaBr2 + Fea. The equation above describes a chemical

_________________________________________________________.

b. List the reactants:

____________________________________________________________Fall Semester Review 2011- Page 5

c. List the products: ____________________________________________________________

22. Complete the following chart that compares organic and inorganic compounds.Compound Elements in the

compound (full name)Total number of atoms in the compound

Inorganic or Organic?

KMnO4

Fe2O3

C22H22O11

23. What are the four types of organic compounds and what is their function in the body? Give an

example of each.

1.____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

2.____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

3.____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

4.____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

24. Distinguish between a monomer and macromolecule (polymer). Give an example of each.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

___________________________

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Introduction to Living Things (Class Notes and pg. 672-673, pg. 336 – 339)HomeostasisStimulus ResponseMoleculeMacromoleculeOrganelles

ProkaryoteEukaryoteSpecialized Cell TissueEpithelial TissueNervous Tissue

Muscle TissueConnective TissueOrganSystemOrganism

25. Draw and label the parts of the cells below using the following terms:

MitochondriaCell wallCell membraneCytoplasm

VacuoleChloroplastNucleusRibosomes

ChromosomesGolgi bodiesEndoplasmic reticulum

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26. Describe the function of each part of the cell.Cell Organelle Function

Nucleus

Chromosomes

Cytoplasm

Cell membrane

Mitochondria

Golgi bodies

Endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosomes

Vacuole

Cell wall

Chloroplast

27. What are the two main differences between the cells of a begonia plant and the cells of an angel fish?

a. __________________________________________________________b. __________________________________________________________

28. Which of the following are made of cells? Circle your answer

Water Spider bacteria granite rock air grass heat

29. Describe the organization of cells in a multi-celled organism from the smallest to the largest unit.

Cell _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

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30. What is the difference between a Prokaryote & a Eukaryote? Give an example of each.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________

31. State the three parts of the cell theory.

a. _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

c. _________________________________________________________________

32. If the eyepiece lens has a magnification of 10X and the objective lens has a magnification of 43X,

what is the total magnification of the microscope?

________________________________________________________________

33. Jackie wants to observe a specimen under the microscope. She puts the specimen on a slide

and puts it on the stage of the microscope. Which knob should she use to first focus the

microscope—the fine adjustment or the coarse adjustment knob?

_________________________________________________________________

34. Describe the four types of tissue found in animals.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_________________

35. Identify the seven characteristics that determine if something is living.

a. d. b. e. c. f.

g.

Name______________________________________________ Period __________

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Fall Semester Study Guide Part II.

Overview of Body Systems and Homeostasis (Class Notes and p. 340-343)

36. Describe the function of each human body system

Human Body System

Function

Skeletal

Muscular

Digestive

Circulatory

Respiratory

Nervous

Excretory

Integumentary

Immune

Endocrine

Reproductive

37.a. Which systems work together to get oxygen to your cells?

_________________________________________________________________

b. Which systems work together to provide nutrients to your cells?

_________________________________________________________________

38. Define homeostasis.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

___________________________

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39. Complete the concept map below by describing and giving examples for each of the three types of homeostasis. (Pg. 340-331)

40. How does the human body respond to short-term stress such as when the school fire alarm unexpectedly rings?

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Skeletal and Muscular System (p.344-356)BonePeriosteumMarrowSpongy boneCompact boneCartilageJointLigamentHinge joint

Ball and socket jointFixed jointGliding jointPivot jointLong bonesShort bonesFlat bonesMuscleSkeletal muscle

Smooth muscleCardiac muscleVoluntary muscleInvoluntary muscleTendonContractRelax

41. Briefly describe the five functions of the skeletal system.

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a. ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________

d. ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________

e. ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________

42. How is the structure of the rib bones related to their function?

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________

43. Bones are connected to bones by tough connective tissue called _________________.

The place where bones meet is called a ________________________. The ends of the bones in

a joint are covered with _______________________________ which acts as a cushion to help

prevent the bones from grinding together.

44. Give an example of each of the following joints.

a. Pivot ______________________

b. Fixed ______________________

c. Ball and socket ______________________

d. Gliding ______________________

e. Hinge ______________________

45. Complete the following table on the three types of muscle.

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Type of Muscle Voluntary or Involuntary ExamplesSkeletal

Smooth

Cardiac

46. What is a tendon? ___________________________________________________

47. Label the diagram: bone, muscle, tendon

48. Explain how your biceps and triceps work together to help you raise a glass of water to your mouth.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

______________

Nutrition and Digestive System (p.370-393)NutrientNutritionCarbohydrateProteinLipidsMineralsVitamins

DigestionMechanical Digestion Chemical DigestionEnzymesSalivaBilePeristalsis

VilliAbsorptionSimple CarbohydratesComplex CarbohydratesAmylasePepsin

49. What is the function of the digestive system?

________________________________________________________________

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50. What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________

51. Need to Know: Refer to page 383 to review the structures of the digestive system. Be able to

trace the pathway of food as it travels through the organs of the digestive system beginning in the

mouth. Be able to identify the structures of the digestive system.

52. The process of __________________ moves food through the esophagus.

53. Food is absorbed into the blood stream in the ______________________________.

54. Identify the following as either a chemical or physical change that occurs during digestion.

Example Chemical or Physical Change

Churning of food in the stomach

Break down carbohydrates into starches with salivaBreaking food into smaller pieces with your teethPepsin helps to break down proteins in the stomachPancreatic juices and other enzymes breakdown food in the small intestine

55. What are sources/examples of the following nutrients?

a. Proteins____________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

b. Carbohydrates_______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

c. Lipids______________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

56. Distinguish between simple and complex carbohydrates.

_____________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________

57. Know how to read and analyze a food label.

58. Why is water the most important nutrient?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________

Circulatory System (p.400-425)BloodPlasmaRed blood cellsHemoglobinWhite blood cellsPlateletsArteries Capillaries

VeinsPulmonary circulationSystemic circulationBlood pressurePulseHeartAtriumVentricle

ValvesSuperior vena cavaInferior vena cavaAortaPulmonary arteryPulmonary veinSeptum

59. What are the functions of blood?

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

60. Complete the chart about the components of blood.

Component of Blood FunctionPlasma

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets

Be able to label the four components on a microscopic view of blood. (see Notes)

61. How is the structure of the heart related to its function?

_____________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

62. Name and describe the function of the three types of blood vessels.

a. ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

b. ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

c. ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Respiratory System: pg 430-438Cellular RespirationBreathingNasal cavityTrachea

EpiglottisLarynxBronchiBronchioles

AlveoliPharynxDiaphragmGas exchange

Inspiration Expiration

63. What is the difference between breathing and cellular respiration?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________

64. Describe the process of exhalation and inhalation in the body in terms of the diaphragm and chest cavity._____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________

65. What is the chemical equation of cellular respiration?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

66. Create a flow chart to describe the movement of air through the various structures of the

respiratory system.

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67. What are the parts (and their functions) of the Central Nervous System?

68. What are the parts (and their functions) of the Peripheral Nervous System?

69. What are the five senses of the human body?

70. Draw and label a neuron.

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