20111029 white lotus sutra and five jhana stages

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Updated Mar 2010 加加加加加加 加加加加 加加加加加加 Introduction to Buddhism and Meditation 2011/10/29 Buddhist Association of Canada Cham Shan Temple

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Meditation Loving Kindness, White Lotus Sutra

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Page 1: 20111029 white lotus sutra and five jhana stages

Updated Mar 2010

加拿大佛教會 湛山精舍 

禪修學佛入門 Introduction to

Buddhism and Meditation2011/10/29

Buddhist Association of CanadaCham Shan Temple

Page 2: 20111029 white lotus sutra and five jhana stages

Updated Mar 2010

Buddhist Association of CanadaCham Shan Temple

ná mó fó tuó南 無 佛 陀

Namo Buddha

ná mó dá mó 南 無 達 摩

Namo Dharma

ná mó sēng qié南 無 僧 伽

Namo Sangha

Page 3: 20111029 white lotus sutra and five jhana stages

加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

1 Take refuge in the Three Treasures of the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha.

皈依佛法僧 ( 三寶 )2 Earnestly cultivate the Three Perfections of

Morality, Calmness, and Wisdom. 勤修戒定慧 ( 三學 )3 Shed the Three Poisons of Greed, Anger and

Delusion. 息滅貪瞋癡 ( 三毒 )4 Purify the Three Karmas of Action, Speech

and Thought. 清淨身口意 ( 三業 )

Buddhist Practice and Cultivation

Page 4: 20111029 white lotus sutra and five jhana stages

加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

1. Bringing the mind to the object (arousing, applying)

2. Keeping the mind with the object (sustaining stretching, visualization)

3. Finding and having interest in the object (Joy)

4. Being happy and content with the object (Happiness)

5. Unifying the mind with the object (fixing, one-pointedness)

Five Jhana Stages

Page 5: 20111029 white lotus sutra and five jhana stages

加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

The 1st stage of bliss that comes from metta, detachment and freedom from emotional distress (klesas) - This emotional distress includes evil desires (origination, karmic causes) and evil states or conditions (sufferings, retributions), becoming positive view and actions.

The 1st stage of bliss also comes from appreciation, equanimity, wisdom…

The First Basic Meditation:

Page 6: 20111029 white lotus sutra and five jhana stages

加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

The first two steps are cognitive states of mind whereas the second two are affective and intuitive. Each state of mind is more sublime than the preceding state. The affective states of mind are subtler than the cognitive states, with contentment being subtler than rejoicing. Only the single mind (one-pointed mind) is in the state of complete concentration.

The First Basic Meditation:

Page 7: 20111029 white lotus sutra and five jhana stages

加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

Step Sanskrit English Description

1 Vitarka AwakeningInitial attention, application of cognitive thought onto an object.It is likened to a bee hovering about a flower

2 Vicara Observation

Continuous, sustained observation on an object, entailing a cognitive, analytical scrutiny of it & discernment of reality from falsehood (pravicaya-dharma).It is likened to a bee landing on a flower and gathering its pollen

3 Priti JoyAn ecstatic, emotional feeling of knowing, revelation & oneness with an object. It is not a cognitive state but rather an affective and intuitive state of mind.

4 Sukha ContentmentA more sublime affective and intuitive state of knowing and familiarization with an object of meditation. It is a less emotional, more refined state of bliss.

5 Samadhi ConcentrationSingleness of mind, complete focus, and pure mental concentration

Page 8: 20111029 white lotus sutra and five jhana stages

加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

1. Parikamma Samadhi – Preliminary Concentration

2. Upacara Samdhi – Access Concentration

3. Appana Samadhi – Fixed Concentration

Three Types of Concentration with Metta Bhavana

Page 9: 20111029 white lotus sutra and five jhana stages

加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

Bhāvanā literally means "development"or "cultivating"or "producing" in the sense of "calling into existence." It is an important concept in Buddhist praxis (Patipatti). The word bhavana normally appears in conjunction with another word forming a compound phrase such as citta-bhavana (the cultivation of the heart/mind) or metta-bhavana (the cultivation of lovingkindness). When used on its own bhavana signifies 'spiritual cultivation' generally.

Bhavana

Page 10: 20111029 white lotus sutra and five jhana stages

加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

citta-bhāvanā, translated as "development of consciousness." kāya-bhāvanā, translated as "development of body." mettā-bhāvanā, translated as the "cultivation of loving-kindness.“ paññā-bhāvanā, translated as "development of wisdom“. samādhi-bhāvanā, translated as "development of tranquil-wisdom. samatha-bhāvanā, meaning the development of tranquility.[5] vipassanā-bhāvanā, meaning the development of insight.[5]

Bhavana

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加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

Parikamma Bhavana is the stage of doing the preliminary exercises. Some degree of one-pointedness or calmness is reached when radiating metta to the person as one is involved with active recitations, including the initial five stages: Bringing the mind to the object Keeping the mind with the object Finding, having interest in the object Being happy and content with the object Unifying the mind with the object

(partially fixing, one-pointedness)

Parikamma Samadhi

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加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

When you are very close to the object as if you are very often about to merge with the object.

You need to overcome all the hindrances i.e. sleepiness or too much excitement.

You need to maintain the flow of metta without affecting by hindrances.

Achieve transparent-like concentration about the object.

You can also be aware of the nature of this fine object.

You start to see the true nature of forms.

Upacara Samadhi

Page 13: 20111029 white lotus sutra and five jhana stages

加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

You merge with the object into one. Achieve a special form of

consciousness – jhana citta or deep absorption.

You are in a state of bliss and is still having metta for the object.

Development of Upekkha Bhavana or equanimity after going through 1st stage jhana to 4th stage jhana.

Complete happiness and joyfulness. Start to achieve oneness with forms. Development of moment-by-moment

appreciation.

Appana Samadhi

Page 14: 20111029 white lotus sutra and five jhana stages

加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

1. Mindfulness – It brings the mind to the point of

concentration skillfully and becomes powerful enough to fall into deep absorption.

It guards against defilements and extraneous thoughts.

It alerts us to take appropriate action to remedy hindrances.

It keeps the mind flexible, workable, soft, balance and so on.

It is advisable to practice Satipatthana Meditation to gain a strong grounding of mindfulness.

Factors in Developing Concentration

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加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

According to Abhidharmakosa 俱舍论 , there are four types of meditation skills to develop mindfulness:

(1) Body is untrue and impure (without form), (2) Perception is the cause of pain (senses are also false), (3) Mind is transient (it changes all the time), and (4) Everything is without eternal substance (without me).

Practicing each of these meditations at first separately, then together, the adept leads himself to the more advanced stage of meditation. The purpose of these four types of meditation is to keep in mind that these bodily and mental functions have no eternal substance and thus to rid oneself of false views contrary to the contents of these four types of meditation.

Satipatthana Meditation 四念住

Page 16: 20111029 white lotus sutra and five jhana stages

加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

2. Detachment Right concentration is referred to

concentration that detached from the five senses.

The meditation object is solely that of the mind door and its concentration is that above the five sense doors.

If you have rampant cravings and strong desires for sense pleasures, you can never get near the absorptions.

Detachment has the power to remove the bondages that tie us to the undesirable worlds.

When metta comes with pleasantness and joy, the detached attitude is an important consideration.

Factors in Developing Concentration

Page 17: 20111029 white lotus sutra and five jhana stages

加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

3. Patience Patience is the opposite of anger which is

associated with agitation. If you preserve patience, your mind will

calm down. It helps us to remain the object with

equanimity for longer periods of time.

4. Healthy conditions Health – good food, enough sleep &

exercise, right postures Environment – quite place, right

temperature, avoid draft, suitable clothing

Companionship – Right group size, mutual concerning and understanding, exchange experience, techniques and ideas

Factors in Developing Concentration

Page 18: 20111029 white lotus sutra and five jhana stages

加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

Page 19: 20111029 white lotus sutra and five jhana stages

加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

Page 20: 20111029 white lotus sutra and five jhana stages

加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

Presentation Schedule

1. October 29 - The white lotus sutra by Dennis A.Yap + Meditation Practice by Tom

2. November 5 - The white lotus sutra by Dennis A.Yap + Meditation Practice by Tom

3. Nov. 12 - The white lotus sutra by Dennis A.Yap + Meditation Practice by Tom

4. Nov. 19 - The white lotus sutra by Dennis A.Yap + Meditation Practice by Tom

5. Nov. 26 - The white lotus sutra by Dennis A.Yap + Meditation Practice by Tom

6. Dec. 3 - The white lotus sutra by Angela Masuzzo + Meditation Practice by Tom

Page 21: 20111029 white lotus sutra and five jhana stages

加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

www.ChamShanTemple.org

www.shengguangshi.blogspot.com

[email protected] Shi 釋聖光Tom Cheung 張相棠Kam Cheung 張仁勤Dennis A. Yap 葉普智

Questions and Comments 討論

Page 22: 20111029 white lotus sutra and five jhana stages

加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada

Buddhist Association of Canada

yuàn xiāo sān zhàng zhū fán năo

願消三障諸煩惱We wish to rid ourselves of the three hindrances and all klesas.

yuàn dé zhì huì zhēn míng lĭao

願得智慧真明了We wish to gain wisdom and real understanding.

pŭ yuàn zuì zhàng xī xiāo chú

普願罪障悉消除 We wish all sinful hindrances to be totally eradicated.

shì shì cháng xíng pú sà dào

世世常行菩薩道In one life after another we always follow Bodhisattvas’ paths.

回向Parinamana (Transfer of Merit)