2010arachthos floods

i

1 1

1.1 ................................................................................1

1.2 ......................................................................................................................1 1.2.1 ................................................................................1 1.2.2 .....................................................................................................................3 1.2.3 ..........................................................................................................4 1.2.4 ..............................................................................................................5

2 8

2.1 .................................................................................................8

2.2 ........................................................................9

2.3 ........................................................................................................11

2.4 .......................................................................................................19

2.5 ..........................................................................................................24

3 26

3.1 .........................................................................................................................26 3.1.1 ...........................................................................26 3.1.2 ...............................................27 3.1.3 ...........................................................................................28 3.1.4 ......................................................................30 3.1.5 ...........................................................................................30

3.2 .............................................................................33

3.3 ..............................................................................36

3.4 ...........................................................................42

3.5 ......................................52

3.6 .......................................53

3.7 ...............................................................54

3.8 .................................54

3.9 ..................................................................58

4 62

4.1 ......................................................................................................62 4.1.1 .............................................................................................62

ii

4.1.2 ......................................64

4.2 ................................................................................................................67

4.3 - ...................................................................................................68 4.3.1 Soil Conservation Service .............................................................68 4.3.2 .................69

4.4 ............................................................................................................................70

4.5 ............................................................................................70

5 75

6 77

6.1 ....................................................................................................................................77

6.2 ...............................................................................................................77

6.3 ........................................................................................78

6.4 .....................................................................................78

6.5 2005 .............................................................80

6.6 ....................................................................................................82

6.7 ..............................................................................................85

7 87

89

: 92

B: 162

1

1

1.1 . ... .. - .. - . . .

, . . . ( 1.2). 2 . 3 . 4 , , . 5 ( ) 4. 6 . 7. , .

1.2

1.2.1

1793.8 km2 ( 1872.8 km2 ). , , , ( 1.1). 1.2. 854 m ( 1.2) 775 m. 1.1.

2

1.1 .

3

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

(m)

: 775 m

: 854 m

1.2 .

1.1

(km2) 1793.8 (km) 103.3 (m) 854 (m) 2428 (m) 38

1.2.2 , 50 m 50 m, 2.1. 25% 2.2.

2.2 .

/ (%) (km2) 1 >30 534 0.30 2 10-30 990 0.55 3 5-10 181 0.10 4

4

2.1 .

1.2.3 4 ( 2.2). 2.3.

2.3 .

(km2) 1247 0.69 14 0.01 - - 235 0.13

- 297 0.17

5

2.2 .

1.2.4 19 ( 2.3), 10 . 2.4.

6

2.3 .

7

2.4 .

(m2) 2212932 0.00 2276940 0.00- 3041696 0.00 253870587 0.14

123785708 0.07 135239651 0.08 116967606 0.07 624224 0.00 34711209 0.02 - 309623845 0.17 - 1520640 0.00 121333761 0.07 253316 0.00, , 7181438 0.00 447004225 0.25 19736785 0.01 1266888 0.00 14370312 0.01 176432608 0.10

8

2

2.1 , , . 2.1 .

2.1 (

)

9

2.2 (), , .. (1991), Verbund-Plan (1972) (1990). :

(): 5 min 24 h (1987-2008). 1975-1986 (1990)

. , , , , (): 1996 (1950-2008).

, , , , , , , , , (): 1994 , . . , , (15 14 ).

, , , , (): 1 h 24 h.

: 13 (1962-1975).

: 1982-2000 , , 2000.

.. (1991) , , , , , , , , , , , , (). (1950-1990).

Verbund-Plan (1972) , , , (): , 1 d 2 d, (1959-1970).

(1990) : , 5 min 24 h (1975-1986).

2.1. , (http://www.itia.ntua.gr/en/ softinfo/28/) .

10

2.1 .

/ - (m) X Y -*

-

.

1 .. (1991) 10 240601 4339158

1987 1959

2008 1988

5 min 1d

2 . .. (1991) 646 248907 4373150 1997 2008 1 d

3 397 248160 4355215 1967 2002 1 d

4

.. (1991) 233 254418 4347916 1960 2008 1 d

5 . .. (1991)Verbund Plan (1972)

1006 243487 4410197 1997 2008 1 d

6 . / .. (1991)Verbund Plan (1972)

995 225923 4408755 1996 2005 1 d

7 .. (1991) 1026 241590 4417514 1963 2006 1 d

8

. .. (1991) 165 246160 4348698 1997 2005 1 d

9 1079 256397 4383097 1970 1966

1994 1994

1h 1d

10 . .. (1991) Verbund Plan (1972)

1150 258645 4405683 1991 2008 1 d

11 . .., 1991 Verbund Plan (1972)

696 245159 4398149 1977 1995 1 d

12 . .. (1991) Verbund Plan (1972)

1019 250698 4402437 1960 1996

2008 2008

1h 1d

13 . .. (1991) 455 242899 4367299 1998 2006 1 d

14 49 242303 4340257 1975 1975

1995 2008

1h 1d

15 .. (1991) 866 251270 4378574

1963 1964

2009 2008

1h 1d

16 .. (1991) 874 263322 4339398 1962 2008 1 d

17 .. (1991) 755 266305 4355276 1980 2008 1 d

18 829 250543 4406644 1980 2008 1 d *: , :

2.1, , , . , 13 , 2 3 , :

: 1959 1989

11

: 1960 1990 : 1959 1990 : 1959 1990 : 1963 1990 : 1960 1989 : 1950 1988 . : 1977 1990 . : 1959 1970 : 1950 1989 : 1964 1980 : 1960 1970, 1977 1989 : 1983 1990

2.3 , , , , , 2.2 2.7. , , .. (1991), .

2.2 .

.

M.

.

1950-51 139.6 102.4 170.0 1951-52 92.2 84.5 60.0 1952-53 85.0 94.5 48.5 1953-54 81.4 66.5 42.8 1954-55 79.4 84.7 46.3 1955-56 96.2 56.4 46.0 1956-57 56.9 94.9 47.8 1958-59 68.4 88.4 44.0 1957-58 64.4 85.3 48.5 1959-60 60.4 104.9 52.5 70.6 1960-61 55.3 94.7 62.0 44.8 57.0 1961-62 56.2 116.2 72.5 48.2 76.4 1962-63 56.4 81.4 69.0 55.2 88.7 1963-64 46.2 98.9 50.5 80.0 48.2 60.7 1964-65 64.7 113.9 98.0 97.2 52.5 100.0

12

.

M.

.

1965-66 47.6 76.2 82.0 89.1 59.8 111.6 1966-67 60.5 142.8 78.0 71.0 48.8 88.4 1967-68 125.2 83.8 48.5 69.4 1968-69 87.4 69.6 75.0 72.0 54.8 41.5 1969-70 90.5 108.0 63.8 71.5 55.2 44.3 1970-71 91.2 134.6 170.0 86.4 56.8 88.0 1971-72 87.4 83.7 53.5 44.7 46.5 55.4 1972-73 86.7 91.0 64.0 83.9 50.8 58.7 1973-74 51.8 98.4 85.6 48.1 46.2 53.0 1974-75 90.0 78.6 60.5 82.0 46.8 65.9 1975-76 67.0 120.2 65.3 66.0 44.5 64.4 1976-77 130.0 121.0 104.0 75.8 58.8 60.8 1977-78 48.9 121.0 41.7 54.0 55.8 74.6 1978-79 104.7 86.5 78.0 77.0 42.8 79.3 1979-80 61.7 60.0 65.7 70.7 44.5 56.0 1980-81 76.5 80.3 65.0 45.8 62.2 64.4 1981-82 63.4 60.4 80.0 72.0 62.8 44.1 64.7 1982-83 77.2 85.0 83.0 56.5 79.7 56.5 1983-84 60.0 80.3 98.0 90.0 62.8 78.0 55.5 1984-85 71.0 70.2 72.0 64.5 67.3 63.2 46.5 1985-86 103.1 115.0 79.0 63.7 54.3 75.2 58.5 1986-87 77.2 70.2 69.0 56.9 70.0 51.7 77.5 1987-88 53.8 63.0 75.0 76.5 59.6 57.4 69.5 1988-89 85.5 85.0 71.5 70.0 53.4 63.3 62.5 1989-90 99.5 70.0 67.0 120.0 79.2 72.5 1990-91 55.5 64.0 65.0 66.4 72.0 85.0 1991-92 60.0 85.3 63.0 58.5 72.0 50.5 1992-93 73.6 90.0 69.0 52.3 76.5 58.0 1993-94 120.0 85.0 67.0 68.6 73.1 68.5 1994-95 68.0 78.0 67.0 56.7 79.2 55.0 1995-96 63.0 58.0 56.5 79.2 102.5 1996-97 59.5 70.0 68.0 62.0 67.3 108.0 1997-98 58.9 80.0 81.0 88.0 110.4 78.5 1998-99 62.5 76.0 59.0 72.5 130.7 83.0 1999-00 97.5 47.0 63.5 59.0 120.3 50.0 2000-01 33.0 45.0 64.0 71.0 42.7 49.0 2001-02 61.5 78.0 82.5 65.0 63.7 63.5 2002-03 44.8 75.0 67.8 63.0 48.8 42.0 2003-04 90.0 85.0 81.0 82.0 61.7 62.0 2004-05 116.5 85.0 64.5 83.0 65.7 63.0 2005-06 99.5 73.0 147.0 134.7 58.0 2006-07 68.0 55.5 132.0 52.5 2007-08 128.0 59.0 52.3 62.5

13

2.3 .

.

1950-51 250.0 173.0 1951-52 81.0 86.4 1952-53 94.0 140.3 1953-54 80.0 92.0 1954-55 76.5 1955-56 65.0 1956-57 70.0 97.6 1958-59 155.0 115.1 1957-58 70.1 97.1 1959-60 75.0 127.2 1960-61 58.5 99.0 1961-62 113.5 121.2 1962-63 90.0 141.5 1963-64 163.0 106.5 1964-65 149.0 108.4 104.4 1965-66 109.2 109.2 134.5 1966-67 72.5 94.0 108.4 94.8 1967-68 117.8 79.7 94.2 79.3 1968-69 90.0 58.0 112.4 79.6 1969-70 67.0 69.0 103.6 82.6 1970-71 107.5 90.0 141.2 79.5 1971-72 117.3 73.7 121.9 93.8 1972-73 90.5 90.7 87.0 92.7 1973-74 108.0 49.3 118.2 74.6 1974-75 59.5 61.3 95.1 126.3 1975-76 53.3 56.3 82.1 91.7 1976-77 147.0 127.8 118.2 145.3 1977-78 80.0 74.5 97.2 94.2 1978-79 92.6 105.0 101.9 141.7 1979-80 102.5 95.5 118.7 137.6 1980-81 88.5 75.2 100.2 191.2 1981-82 96.5 65.5 84.2 101.6 1982-83 149.0 95.4 155.2 105.0 1983-84 110.0 129.6 136.3 171.6 1984-85 70.2 115.0 104.9 153.0 1985-86 101.0 80.8 120.3 168.2 1986-87 89.4 95.5 93.9 117.8 1987-88 144.5 78.2 94.3 114.3 1988-89 89.7 84.0 95.7 98.2 1989-90 136.5 129.5 103.1 197.6 1990-91 71.0 81.0 92.2 100.0 1991-92 60.0 85.0 98.9 90.0 1992-93 96.5 128.0 144.2 120.0

14

.

1993-94 86.5 94.2 90.3 100.0 1994-95 86.5 103.8 100.0 1995-96 64.5 94.2 73.0 1996-97 83.0 134.5 110.0 1997-98 140.0 125.8 165.0 1998-99 120.0 97.6 90.0 1999-00 85.0 94.3 78.0 2000-01 80.0 76.5 63.0 2001-02 140.0 92.4 165.5 2002-03 111.0 92.3 82.0 2003-04 98.0 88.4 101.0 2004-05 80.0 92.5 102.0 2005-06 105.0 97.6 147.0 2006-07 110.0 96.8 104.8 2007-08 62.5 81.1 76.6

2.4 .

.

1950-51 92.0 1951-52 105.0 1952-53 89.7 1953-54 61.5 1954-55 79.3 1955-56 67.0 1956-57 47.0 1958-59 47.0 1957-58 35.0 1959-60 83.0 30.0 120.7 1960-61 67.3 57.0 60.0 99.3 1961-62 87.3 91.0 39.0 104.0 1962-63 67.2 101.0 45.3 120.0 1963-64 58.6 47.5 47.0 143.3 1964-65 64.8 124.8 68.0 190.0 1965-66 67.6 58.2 65.5 118.8 1966-67 75.4 99.0 145.7 77.0 1967-68 62.3 85.4 53.5 83.3 87.1 1968-69 76.6 77.4 53.5 80.4 66.8 1969-70 83.4 62.4 109.2 74.7 80.0 1970-71 83.0 88.3 71.2 97.5 105.4 1971-72 62.3 71.2 72.1 77.4 67.3 1972-73 87.6 70.5 59.0 84.7 77.6 1973-74 71.5 84.6 118.5 116.2 87.5 1974-75 70.0 82.4 51.8 68.0 70.0 74.0

15

.

1975-76 67.0 58.2 42.8 53.0 37.2 72.4 1976-77 100.4 75.4 62.7 88.9 45.0 108.9 1977-78 58.2 62.2 50.6 62.7 53.8 70.0 1978-79 90.5 77.4 49.8 115.0 68.9 86.2 1979-80 93.7 78.5 57.4 93.5 51.3 77.0 1980-81 83.6 64.0 61.6 82.0 64.5 57.0 64.6 1981-82 97.2 56.0 64.0 68.5 59.0 66.4 72.2 1982-83 97.0 64.7 92.0 105.0 99.1 153.0 118.5 1983-84 100.0 64.0 65.0 127.5 64.5 81.6 85.7 1984-85 70.0 41.4 39.0 68.0 39.0 50.0 52.5 1985-86 165.0 75.6 90.0 104.5 68.0 90.4 76.2 1986-87 60.7 64.0 41.0 80.0 65.0 70.0 61.6 1987-88 90.0 90.0 136.0 92.0 64.0 108.6 61.4 1988-89 90.5 64.2 68.5 64.0 180.7 71.2 1989-90 106.5 63.6 82.0 65.0 70.8 75.0 1990-91 75.5 64.0 83.5 64.0 86.0 82.4 1991-92 60.4 64.6 68.0 57.5 104.0 73.2 1992-93 73.3 64.0 71.5 53.4 157.8 96.8 1993-94 75.0 65.0 86.0 65.0 50.7 74.5 1994-95 107.0 73.5 92.0 80.0 80.0 74.5 1995-96 104.0 55.4 84.0 48.0 99.0 90.2 1996-97 93.0 83.0 102.5 78.3 100.0 88.5 1997-98 89.5 80.4 102.0 95.6 140.0 90.0 1998-99 96.0 53.0 61.5 85.7 89.5 85.5 1999-00 67.0 46.7 94.0 60.4 88.0 68.0 2000-01 49.0 94.0 53.0 79.6 67.0 58.0 2001-02 67.0 78.0 110.0 81.0 114.0 119.0 2002-03 84.0 59.0 78.6 64.9 70.0 2003-04 205.0 96.5 117.5 181.0 201.0 2004-05 99.0 90.0 86.1 95.7 95.6 2005-06 117.0 96.2 95.0 106.2 2006-07 146.0 124.6 73.5 103.0 2007-08 101.5 77.5 89.2 89.0

2.5 .

.

M. .

1950-51 216.8 147.2 210.5 1951-52 132.2 147.0 90.5 1952-53 146.0 135.9 84.2 1953-54 111.6 102.9 83.0 1954-55 125.0 140.1 61.8 1955-56 132.9 76.6 63.5 1956-57 98.5 148.7 77.2

16

.

M. .

1958-59 114.9 140.8 81.2 1957-58 101.5 117.0 74.7 1959-60 117.1 152.2 93.3 123.2 1960-61 94.5 128.5 75.0 70.0 82.3 1961-62 112.0 165.5 122.5 83.2 126.6 1962-63 87.3 136.6 95.2 91.3 117.4 1963-64 81.8 141.7 88.0 84.0 71.3 72.5 1964-65 74.8 218.9 122.3 137.4 86.3 131.2 1965-66 82.0 122.9 97.0 118.8 93.3 149.0 1966-67 96.8 171.2 91.3 101.8 87.3 105.8 1967-68 80.6 176.7 130.2 77.3 89.4 1968-69 101.8 111.4 81.5 79.0 63.7 67.0 1969-70 114.8 150.6 98.6 129.7 106.7 76.5 1970-71 181.7 185.4 198.0 172.3 111.3 137.4 1971-72 132.7 132.3 89.5 64.0 80.0 77.3 1972-73 97.0 118.0 92.8 100.8 78.3 82.4 1973-74 85.5 129.2 98.6 84.4 82.0 77.1 1974-75 119.5 121.0 81.8 97.1 84.3 86.4 1975-76 108.4 128.6 86.5 113.5 65.3 92.3 1976-77 168.3 176.6 141.0 119.6 69.7 88.2 1977-78 64.1 121.0 68.5 73.2 71.3 87.8 1978-79 123.0 146.2 134.5 126.8 63.8 106.4 1979-80 85.0 91.6 91.7 97.0 80.3 84.2 1980-81 97.8 91.2 107.0 74.3 80.3 104.8 1981-82 84.0 100.7 103.7 113.5 104.3 75.3 89.0 1982-83 138.8 130.5 136.0 94.3 126.9 103.0 1983-84 100.2 110.4 123.0 128.0 80.3 109.0 98.0 1984-85 112.0 115.2 120.0 101.0 119.8 99.3 66.0 1985-86 115.6 125.3 121.0 78.1 77.9 77.5 69.0 1986-87 107.2 92.2 82.5 81.9 95.0 74.2 89.0 1987-88 85.8 84.7 102.0 76.5 82.8 62.5 114.5 1988-89 110.3 124.0 105.7 100.2 95.7 82.3 98.7 1989-90 164.9 122.0 107.0 152.6 117.7 122.5 1990-91 88.8 103.0 95.0 86.4 88.6 102.5 1991-92 90.0 85.3 104.0 86.2 104.7 86.0 1992-93 103.4 138.0 122.0 91.8 123.1 97.5 1993-94 152.5 110.5 86.0 70.4 93.5 86.0 1994-95 135.5 146.3 124.0 74.4 107.5 76.0 1995-96 115.5 114.0 84.0 79.2 140.5 1996-97 111.5 89.0 116.0 64.0 106.0 128.5 1997-98 75.8 100.0 94.0 102.0 123.0 96.0 1998-99 120.5 101.0 103.0 118.5 169.1 131.0 1999-00 97.5 76.0 97.0 81.7 142.5 85.5 2000-01 52.5 153.0 88.0 128.0 57.9 49.5

17

.

M. .

2001-02 76.4 87.0 99.0 110.0 114.6 103.5 2002-03 54.0 122.0 72.8 78.5 74.4 51.0 2003-04 105.0 165.0 160.0 140.0 96.1 113.5 2004-05 143.0 81.5 136.5 102.5 63.0 2005-06 163.5 141.0 190.0 151.3 73.5 2006-07 98.2 86.4 132.0 81.5 2007-08 193.0 66.1 77.5 80.5

2.6 .

.

1950-51 270.0 302.0 1951-52 118.5 147.0 1952-53 159.0 229.3 1953-54 101.5 133.0 1954-55 121.5 1955-56 96.5 1956-57 137.5 125.0 1958-59 158.5 170.4 1957-58 80.6 152.9 1959-60 115.0 185.2 1960-61 84.0 187.6 1961-62 166.5 177.8 1962-63 108.5 204.7 1963-64 163.0 121.7 1964-65 152.5 166.0 146.0 1965-66 109.2 147.5 158.8 1966-67 106.9 98.4 194.6 146.7 1967-68 117.8 101.1 157.3 141.8 1968-69 123.0 73.7 157.8 103.9 1969-70 93.0 101.3 157.3 135.2 1970-71 178.0 259.4 146.3 1971-72 166.6 99.4 180.1 170.3 1972-73 97.1 109.8 112.2 122.1 1973-74 176.3 83.7 171.3 103.0 1974-75 82.0 69.4 124.0 159.8 1975-76 68.1 87.5 100.4 111.0 1976-77 168.5 170.9 159.3 178.2 1977-78 119.6 129.7 156.6 172.3 1978-79 149.6 118.1 176.0 194.9 1979-80 112.5 111.1 152.4 151.1 1980-81 101.5 133.3 140.4 233.5 1981-82 98.0 100.9 145.7 130.1 1982-83 153.2 151.6 227.0 148.8

18

.

1983-84 155.2 173.0 196.6 233.0 1984-85 123.9 155.5 183.2 240.8 1985-86 122.9 105.0 142.4 201.2 1986-87 120.7 104.7 139.3 146.5 1987-88 144.5 100.6 185.5 215.3 1988-89 116.0 123.8 131.3 162.8 1989-90 251.8 238.2 194.4 332.9 1990-91 116.0 117.6 141.4 141.0 1991-92 85.5 140.3 138.3 105.0 1992-93 159.9 233.0 234.7 230.0 1993-94 126.8 161.3 125.9 139.5 1994-95 129.0 173.7 176.0 1995-96 95.0 161.0 130.0 1996-97 130.0 220.2 178.0 1997-98 155.5 144.9 176.0 1998-99 220.3 122.3 142.0 1999-00 101.0 126.2 112.0 2000-01 122.0 116.1 78.8 2001-02 213.0 171.0 230.5 2002-03 111.0 126.3 114.0 2003-04 137.5 146.5 156.2 2004-05 111.0 162.3 184.5 2005-06 190.0 163.6 221.8 2006-07 110.5 99.9 141.6 2007-08 105.0 80.5

2.7 .

.

1950-51 158.9 1951-52 105.0 1952-53 107.7 1953-54 103.1 1954-55 112.5 1955-56 105.2 1956-57 89.0 1958-59 72.0 1957-58 46.0 1959-60 136.9 55.0 151.2 1960-61 85.5 112.0 73.4 103.9 1961-62 151.8 165.6 39.0 143.6 1962-63 115.4 136.8 60.2 166.4 1963-64 94.7 57.3 75.0 147.0 1964-65 129.4 130.8 97.3 305.2 1965-66 111.8 84.9 123.2 198.1 1966-67 110.7 151.5 145.7 119.6

19

.

1967-68 103.2 98.9 83.1 138.7 108.6 1968-69 88.3 87.9 94.0 87.0 90.1 1969-70 153.2 104.9 134.2 145.6 110.4 1970-71 146.5 173.9 95.0 133.0 137.2 1971-72 103.8 91.4 84.7 102.2 101.8 1972-73 106.0 89.8 80.5 93.3 99.4 1973-74 135.0 132.6 199.0 170.7 117.9 1974-75 95.0 96.8 82.7 110.5 98.5 94.1 1975-76 101.1 92.6 43.5 88.8 52.8 72.4 1976-77 170.9 111.0 79.1 130.4 72.4 146.5 1977-78 70.2 76.9 72.0 80.2 68.8 94.4 1978-79 134.3 118.8 93.7 142.5 104.9 117.5 1979-80 159.1 102.0 80.4 150.7 75.9 106.5 1980-81 106.3 79.4 79.0 103.8 81.3 93.5 96.6 1981-82 164.2 84.3 67.0 93.8 75.5 93.1 128.6 1982-83 156.5 127.9 92.0 179.2 162.3 190.5 194.6 1983-84 142.3 104.6 118.0 168.5 105.9 101.7 144.1 1984-85 115.8 62.4 52.0 88.0 56.1 100.0 81.1 1985-86 198.0 79.6 111.0 104.5 68.3 112.6 98.3 1986-87 82.7 77.6 61.0 95.0 80.3 80.0 72.0 1987-88 161.0 120.4 136.0 176.5 97.0 108.6 102.3 1988-89 127.6 95.5 70.0 94.0 96.5 180.7 116.2 1989-90 176.5 124.8 155.0 94.1 103.7 113.5 1990-91 140.5 91.2 142.5 114.8 141.2 104.0 1991-92 96.4 88.8 134.0 87.5 104.0 108.2 1992-93 133.6 113.2 121.0 101.1 157.8 125.9 1993-94 108.0 83.9 99.8 86.0 50.7 93.9 1994-95 168.5 114.6 159.0 120.4 124.1 119.8 1995-96 132.0 81.5 114.0 93.0 151.0 119.7 1996-97 166.0 119.6 158.5 121.0 131.3 116.3 1997-98 94.5 116.4 117.8 106.1 157.0 142.0 1998-99 105.0 95.0 104.5 125.5 139.5 133.5 1999-00 105.0 81.9 120.0 100.8 103.0 128.0 2000-01 86.8 94.0 73.0 80.9 87.5 62.5 2001-02 106.0 131.0 128.5 113.0 114.0 130.0 2002-03 119.4 91.0 97.9 74.9 77.0 2003-04 216.5 117.0 128.8 281.0 279.0 2004-05 148.0 165.0 116.4 116.0 137.6 2005-06 206.0 137.7 164.0 144.0 2006-07 222.1 169.5 143.5 148.0 2007-08 121.6 109.2 174.9 134.5

2.4 , , , . , 2.8 2.12.

20

2.8 ( mm).

(h) . 5/60 10/60 15/60 30/60 1 2 6 12 24

1975 8.7 10.0 12.0 16.2 17.3 22.2 32.2 33.1 37.9 1976 5.4 10.0 14.5 15.6 15.6 18.3 31.4 43.1 52.5 1977 6.1 9.8 13.8 18.0 28.8 32.4 49.1 49.2 49.2 1978 9.3 12.3 15.0 15.9 25.7 31.8 39.8 46.0 46.4 1979 6.9 8.5 9.6 14.0 15.8 28.3 38.6 55.4 59.0 1980 9.7 17.9 19.2 26.9 31.8 37.7 47.7 48.0 48.0 1981 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 18.6 22.1 31.0 39.9 1982 15.0 18.6 21.1 27.1 31.1 35.5 47.9 49.5 50.1 1983 9.9 19.7 29.4 58.8 72.3 72.4 72.4 72.4 72.4 1984 5.0 8.0 12.0 18.3 28.8 32.5 34.0 34.0 34.0 1985 7.9 12.6 14.8 17.3 20.8 31.9 56.5 70.2 70.4 1986 4.5 6.0 7.2 11.1 14.4 19.5 29.8 38.2 43.9

1987-88* 3.0 5.5 6.8 7.0 13.0 14.4 24.8 30.7 38.8 1988-89 8.3 10.6 14.3 17.8 20.3 27.5 30.5 42.7 50.8 1989-90 8.4 10.6 13.6 20.8 32.6 34.8 55.5 65.1 70.4 1990-91 9.8 15.8 17.8 30.4 35.8 41.5 55.6 55.6 62.3 1991-92 8.8 14.8 17.8 21.3 27.0 34.2 48.8 48.8 50.2

1992-93* 8.4 9.4 11.9 18.0 25.5 39.1 41.9 51.9 94.5 1993-94 8.3 12.1 13.6 16.0 16.0 25.9 60.5 72.2 76.6

1994-95* 7.6 13.5 15.5 21.2 23.2 31.4 57.8 63.2 65.9 1995-96* 8.3 11.3 13.3 19.2 23.2 27.3 33.4 49.9 51.9 1996-97 5.0 9.0 13.0 25.0 26.0 32.0 40.8 55.7 89.7

1997-98* 9.2 16.9 22.7 42.4 53.5 63.0 63.7 66.6 66.6 1998-99* 13.1 22.1 25.6 31.1 42.1 43.2 44.8 44.8 48.4 1999-00 6.3 11.2 14.4 24.1 29.9 54.5 74.2 76.3 114.3 2000-01 6.9 8.0 9.2 10.4 18.9 16.6 27.7 33.5 39.0 2001-02 9.4 16.4 19.8 25.5 27.5 36.5 69.6 74.9 74.9 2002-03 11.4 20.9 25.5 30.3 37.3 48.8 50.2 51.8 54.4 2003-04 11.7 14.5 19.5 36.4 44.5 57.7 88.3 116.2 176.6 2004-05 6.0 9.4 14.0 20.6 26.5 43.5 72.1 80.9 85.2 2005-06 6.0 12.0 14.3 16.0 19.0 21.7 33.1 45.1 73.2

2006-07* 6.0 6.2 8.0 15.5 24.0 28.5 28.5 39.1 39.1 2007-08 7.0 12.3 15.3 25.9 42.4 56.2 59.8 78.5 86.4

1986 (1990) . . * .

21

2.9 . ( mm).

(h) . 1 2 6 12 24

1960-61 29.2 29.2 37.0 48.7 62.0 1961-62 24.5 27.2 39.8 78.2 114.5 1962-63 34.6 42.1 43.4 43.4 68.8 1963-64 37.0 37.0 48.5 57.3 80.0 1964-65 24.0 37.8 48.2 52.2 52.2 1965-66 12.2 22.2 42.1 69.6 97.2 1966-67 12.5 19.0 35.8 59.8 94.1 1967-68 12.2 19.5 43.2 47.4 51.4 1968-69 9.4 15.2 24.4 48.8 72.0 1969-70 25.2 45.2 58.2 93.2 110.3 1970-71 22.5 40.1 42.9 65.9 112.3 1971-72 15.0 24.4 29.3 49.7 60.2 1972-73 23.5 39.2 42.6 55.2 83.9 1973-74 14.6 18.3 38.5 70.6 79.8 1974-75 17.4 30.2 39.1 62.6 96.5 1975-76 31.8 48.2 58.5 96.5 113.5 1976-77 1977-78 18.0 31.5 43.5 49.0 49.0 1978-79 14.0 19.0 46.1 69.8 77.0 1979-80 12.0 17.0 40.0 47.2 68.0 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 1983-84 1984-85 9.0 17.0 31.0 43.0 51.0 1985-86 13.5 24.2 52.7 60.9 60.9 1986-87 7.5 13.4 27.7 41.7 53.1 1987-88 19.1 24.6 24.6 40.0 40.0 1988-89 12.0 19.4 37.2 55.4 90.8 1989-90 31.0 37.5 74.0 90.2 133.8 1990-91 18.4 31.2 43.2 44.8 58.8 1991-92 1992-93 23.5 26.3 34.5 50.7 92.5 1993-94 18.0 26.2 56.4 63.7 63.7 1994-95 10.0 18.0 29.0 41.6 72.6 1995-96 20.8 29.8 37.0 58.2 87.3 1996-97 19.0 23.8 29.6 40.4 78.6 1997-98 24.5 43.3 48.7 75.2 90.4 1998-99 19.2 32.7 43.9 43.9 67.2 1999-00 13.5 21.6 38.2 66.4 70.4 2000-01 17.0 33.7 35.1 35.1 35.1 2001-02 2002-03 18.6 31.7 36.3 48.9 67.4 2003-04 2004-05 26.3 30.2 36.9 71.1 78.0 2005-06 18.0 29.0 76.6 97.8 127.4 2006-07 25.3 36.2 40.8 48.2 80.5 2007-08 32.4 41.2 50.4 51.5 64.8

22

2.10 ( mm).

(h) . 1 2 6 12 24

1970-71 26.5 29.5 32.4 52.0 100.0 1971-72 27.0 45.7 55.5 67.6 68.7 1972-73 27.4 38.8 38.8 57.9 86.0 1973-74 19.8 29.4 53.8 92.6 102.9 1974-75 28.2 41.8 56.5 71.6 98.3 1975-76 30.4 34.4 51.6 67.9 82.4 1976-77 1977-78 20.0 30.7 48.4 95.8 125.6 1978-79 19.1 28.5 38.7 68.3 106.2 1979-80 32.2 40.8 53.1 72.8 98.8 1980-81 74.2 75.4 75.4 75.4 85.3 1981-82 23.0 42.0 57.4 74.4 75.5 1982-83 27.9 49.2 62.6 62.6 62.6 1983-84 16.7 22.0 37.0 68.2 115.0 1984-85 25.0 41.0 70.1 101.1 103.6 1985-86 22.0 37.0 69.8 78.0 103.4 1986-87 14.0 24.5 52.4 64.4 102.5 1987-88 34.3 34.3 44.9 69.8 79.5 1988-89 29.2 29.2 36.8 47.8 79.1 1989-90 16.0 28.0 58.2 87.2 125.9 1990-91 39.1 48.9 91.2 131.8 154.1 1991-92 30.8 30.8 34.2 67.8 91.2 1992-93 50.0 50.0 104.0 154.3 248.3 1993-94 27.2 45.4 63.4 83.4 88.1

23

2.11 ( mm).

(h) . 1 2 6 12 24

1963-64 19.3 29.8 58.1 75.6 94.0 1964-65 1965-66 33.0 44.5 63.3 99.7 134.5 1966-67 32.4 42.6 42.6 53.5 94.8 1967-68 14.1 25.2 35.2 67.9 79.3 1968-69 12.0 18.9 36.3 64.6 79.6 1969-70 18.5 26.0 46.7 57.1 72.0 1970-71 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.9 1971-72 1972-73 22.0 42.0 69.0 79.4 92.7 1973-74 24.0 41.0 74.6 74.6 74.6 1974-75 46.7 46.7 53.2 86.9 126.3 1975-76 16.0 31.2 59.0 83.2 111.0 1976-77 33.6 58.4 70.4 85.2 145.3 1977-78 1978-79 52.4 52.4 77.6 137.5 177.1 1979-80 38.2 60.8 76.2 123.9 145.1 1980-81 33.0 60.2 91.4 177.1 191.2 1981-82 14.8 23.4 46.1 74.2 115.4 1982-83 19.2 37.2 71.8 120.6 186.7 1983-84 22.2 27.1 60.4 94.3 171.6 1984-85 20.2 37.7 66.2 108.3 168.3 1985-86 17.0 32.5 52.8 75.5 75.5 1986-87 29.8 36.7 40.0 79.5 93.0 1987-88 1988-89 35.4 35.4 35.4 68.4 130.6 1989-90 22.0 41.5 56.2 88.9 135.3 1990-91 47.8 47.8 47.8 83.3 131.2 1991-92 26.4 48.5 48.5 77.6 138.4 1992-93 43.4 43.4 97.9 152.8 152.8 1993-94 46.3 46.3 69.7 95.9 111.9 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 19.5 27.0 64.6 126.1 134.3 1997-98 28.5 52.5 146.6 158.8 168.8 1998-99 19.0 22.5 52.9 79.2 109.2 1999-00 64.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 93.5 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 27.3 43.5 58.5 111.1 146.3 2003-04 2004-05 27.0 34.5 60.7 104.2 110.0 2005-06 23.0 41.2 97.4 126.4 187.0 2006-07 34.0 44.5 52.6 96.5 182.7 2007-08 21.2 24.2 68.5 68.5 72.5 2008-09 20.0 34.0 51.0 63.1 81.7

24

2.12 ( mm).

(h) . 1 2 6 12 24

1975-76 27.5 32.6 34.1 44.1 44.1 1976-77 15.1 19.5 48.4 59.2 72.3 1977-78 10 17.2 34.1 43.2 53.5 1978-79 12.6 18.2 44.4 55.6 68.9 1979-80 25.5 27.5 48.2 82.8 88.3 1980-81 10 12.6 35.8 58.7 63.9 1981-82 35.1 57.6 72.8 72.8 72.8 1982-83 23.6 25.6 25.6 47.9 72.7 1983-84 11.5 19.7 46.3 59.6 59.6 1984-85 9.8 13.4 13.4 19.8 36.4 1985-86 7.5 12.3 35.2 44.7 50.5 1986-87 10.5 10.5 19.7 21.6 41.9 1987-88 1988-89 1989-90 14.9 24.2 45.1 67 67 1990-91 21 21 32.2 59.8 83.1 1991-92 1992-93 25 40.2 57.1 57.1 84.6 1993-94 18.5 26.2 38.2 42.4 72.3 1994-95 30 43.4 49.1 59.1 103.6

2.5 . , , . ( 1982) , 2.13 . , 1962-63 1974-75 , 2.14 , ( , 0.96) .

25

2.13 ( m3/s).

.

1982-83 926 1983-84 1028 1984-85 529 1985-86 757 1986-87 494 1987-88 529 1988-89 480 1989-90 630 1990-91 680 1991-92 319 1992-93 622 1993-94 793 1994-95 686 1995-96 617 1996-97 918 1997-98 1131 1998-99 677 1999-00 554 2000-01 176 2001-02 580 2002-03 450 2003-04 690 2004-05 860 2005-06 1015 2006-07 530 2007-08 402 2008-09 395 2009-10 1139

2.14 ( m3/s), .

.

1962-63 1640 1574.4 1963-64 1440 1382.4 1964-65 2020 1939.2 1965-66 1360 1305.6 1966-67 675 648.0 1967-68 982 942.7 1968-69 930 892.8 1969-70 1031 989.8 1970-71 1664 1597.4 1971-72 658 631.7 1972-73 576 553.0 1973-74 1175 1128.0 1974-75 559 536.6

26

3

3.1 (h) ( ) (i) , (d)* () , . : () d, () , , , () , , . , (), .

, . , : () , () , , , , , () , , () . (, 1997 Koutsoyiannis et. al., 1998 Koutsoyiannis, 1999 Koutsoyiannis and Baloutsos, 2000 Koutsoyiannis, 2004a,b, 2006), .

3.1.1 5-60 min ( ) 24-48 h. d h(d), ( ) , ( ) i(d) = h(d) / d. , ( ) .

* , . d, , .

27

, k dj, j = 1, , k, ( , ) . k n, , , (nj) .

( ) , . (d/), . d/, i(d), d/. , .. Linsley et al. (1975, . 357), 3.1 .

3.1 (: Linsley et al., 1975, . 357).

(d/)

1 1.13 2 1.04

3-4 1.03 5-8 1.02

9-24 1.01 , , (5 30 min). , 24 48 , . , 24 48 , , 24 , . , . , . , . : () () .

3.1.2 :

28

i = a(T)b(d) (3.1)

i d T, a(T) b(d) , (, 1997).

b(d) , (, 1997 Koutsoyiannis, 2006), :

b(d) = (1 + d / ) (3.2)

, 0 (: , h) 0 < < 1 ().

a(T) , , (, 1997). a(T) .

3.1.3 (Koutsoyiannis, 2004a,b, 2007) ( General Extreme Value GEV distribution). I, II, III :

F(x) = exp

1 + x

1 /

x ( 1 / ) (3.3) F(x) x, > 0 (), > 0 ( x) () , , . ( < 0, , , , ). x i , , i b(d) ( b(d)) (3.3) x a(T) , , i , , (, 1997 Koutsoyiannis et. al., 1998).

(3.3) x. , F(x) = 1 / T, = 1 , :

xT =

+

ln 1 T

1

=

ln 1

T

(3.4)

= / and = 1 (Koutsoyiannis et. al., 1998).

= 0, (Gumbel), (3.3) :

F(x) = exp(e x / + ) (3.5)

29

, , . , (3.4) (, 1997 Koutsoyiannis et. al., 1998):

xT =

ln ln 1 T (3.6)

Gumbel , . , , (Koutsoyiannis and Baloutsos, 2000), 136 , Gumbel , . , = 0.16 0.19 .

, (Koutsoyiannis, 1999) 2645 , 95 000 -, Hershfield (1961, 1965) (), : () , () Hershfield (1961, 1965) , 60 000 , ()

24 h, :

= 0.183 0.00049 h (h mm) (3.7)

Hershfield 136 (Koutsoyiannis, 1999).

, (Koutsoyiannis, 2004b) 169 . 100 . 169 , , , , . . 92% , . 169 , . . () . , Monte Carlo , , () , , . , , . , , . : () Gumbel , ()

30

, () = 0.15.

. , Gumbel ( ) , . , . = 0.15.

3.1.4 (3.1) (3.2) :

i(d, T) =

ln 1

T

(1 + d/) ( 0) (3.8)

(3.8) = 1 . , , (Koutsoyiannis et al., 1998):

i(d, T) = (T ) (1 + d/) ( 0) (3.9)

. (3.9) Pareto. , (3.9) (3.8), ( > 10 ) , / ln [1 (/T)] = (/T) (/T)2 L /T. 3.1.5 , ( , ), , (1997 . Koutsoyiannis et al., 1998) , . . b(d) ( ) a(T) ( , ).

(3.1) y := i b(d) d, a(T). y d.

, yjl = ijl b(dj), j = 1, , k l = 1, , nj. yjl :

31

m = j = 1

k nj (3.10)

, , (ranks) rjl m yjl ( yjl ). dj :

rj = 1 nj j = 1 k

rjl (3.11)

rj r = (m + 1) / 2, rj . Kruskal-Wallis (. .. Hirsch et al., 1993, . 17.25), :

= 6

r (2 r 1)

j = 1

k nj ( )rj r

2

(3.12)

, .* H .

b(d) , , . , 1/2 1/3 , ( 1/2 ).

, a(T) . , , m yjl. , .

, , , . , :

Cs = (1 3 ) 3 (1 2 ) (1 ) + 2 3(1 )

[(1 2 ) 2(1 )]3/2 (3.13)

* , , , 2 k 1 . = 0, . y. , , , , , . . , .

32

=

(1 2 ) 2(1 ) (3.14)

=

(1 ) 1 (3.15)

, Cs , ( ) . (3.13) . (Koutsoyiannis, 2004b):

= 13

10.31 + 0.91Cs + (0.91Cs)2 + 1.8

(3.16)

, (3.13) , , .

L-, . , L- , . (Koutsoyiannis, 2004a,b), :

= 7.8 c 1.43 c2 (3.17)

= 2

(1 ) (2 1) (3.18)

= 1

(1 ) 1 (3.19)

:

c := ln 2ln 3

2 23 + 3 2 (3.20)

1, 2 3 L- . L- (. Stedinger et al., 1993, . 18.6):

^1 = b0 (3.21)

^2 = 2 b1 b0 (3.22)

^3 = 6 b2 6 b1 + b0 (3.23)

b0, b1 b2 (probability-weighted moments). :

b0 = x = 1 n j = 1

n x(j) (3.24)

b1 = 1

n (n 1) j = 1n 1

(n j) x(j) (3.25)

33

b2 = 1

n (n 1) (n 2) j = 1n 2

(n j) (n j 1) x(j) (3.26)

n x(j) (j = 1, , n) j .

3.2 , 2.8-2.12 3.2-3.6, .

3.2 .

(h) 5/60 10/60 15/60 30/60 1 2 6 12 24 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 (mm/h) 99.02 74.71 61.76 44.19 28.05 17.57 7.89 4.58 2.67 (mm/h) 33.39 25.82 20.97 20.02 12.48 6.94 2.77 1.53 1.16 Cv 0.34 0.35 0.34 0.45 0.44 0.39 0.35 0.33 0.43 Cs 0.72 0.52 0.77 1.79 1.66 0.87 0.52 1.19 2.30 2 (mm/h) 18.57 14.76 11.53 10.27 6.54 3.86 1.59 0.84 0.57 3 (mm/h) 2.37 1.92 1.81 2.85 1.72 0.69 0.19 0.15 0.18 2 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.18 0.21 3 0.13 0.13 0.16 0.28 0.26 0.18 0.12 0.18 0.32

3.3 . .

(h) 1 2 6 12 24 40 40 40 40 40 (mm/h) 19.66 14.42 7.02 4.86 3.24 (mm/h) 7.48 4.57 1.90 1.35 0.97 Cv 0.38 0.32 0.27 0.28 0.30 Cs 0.50 0.26 1.17 1.00 0.53 2 (mm/h) 4.28 2.65 1.02 0.74 0.55 3 (mm/h) 0.51 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.06 2 0.22 0.18 0.14 0.15 0.17 3 0.12 0.07 0.18 0.24 0.12

34

3.4 .


3.5 .


3.6 .

(h) 1 2 6 12 24 17 17 17 17 17 (mm/h) 18.12 12.40 6.66 4.39 2.78 (mm/h) 8.38 6.30 2.35 1.34 0.74 Cv 0.46 0.51 0.35 0.31 0.27 Cs 2.79 0.61 1.36 0.20 -0.54 2 (mm/h) 4.85 3.45 1.32 0.75 0.43 3 (mm/h) 0.84 1.00 0.03 -0.08 0.00 2 0.27 0.28 0.20 0.17 0.15 3 0.17 0.29 0.02 -0.11 -0.01

3.1 . ( ) . , ( ) , . ,

35

, .

1

10

100

0.01 0.1 1 10 100

, d (h)

(m

m/h

)

.

1

10

100

0.01 0.1 1 10 100

, d (h)

(mm

/h)

.

3.1

.

, 3.1.5, 1/2 , = 0.15 h = 0.77 = 0.1 h = 0.6 , 24 ( 1, 2, 6, 12 24 h) .

36

3.3 3.7-3.9 (, ). 3.2 , 24 . , ( 24 , ). , , .. 2005-06, , , 2000-01, . . , (18 5 ) , .

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1960

-61

1965

-66

1970

-71

1975

-76

1980

-81

1985

-86

1990

-91

1995

-96

2000

-01

2005

-06

,

mm 1 d,

24 h, B

3.2 24 () () .

37

3.7 .

. .

57 55 43 38 58 36 28 (mm) 76.1 86.6 73.7 73.0 63.5 69.2 65.0 (mm) 23.1 21.3 19.4 17.1 27.2 15.3 15.6 - Cv 0.30 0.25 0.26 0.23 0.43 0.22 0.24 Cs 0.79 0.54 3.00 2.11 2.29 0.50 1.23 2 (mm) 12.8 11.9 8.9 8.6 12.1 8.6 8.4 3 (mm) 2.27 1.38 2.43 1.47 6.04 0.55 2.02 2 0.17 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.19 0.12 0.13 3 0.18 0.12 0.27 0.17 0.50 0.06 0.24 58 54 43 38 58 36 28 (mm) 111.7 127.2 106.2 104.6 92.2 96.7 92.9 (mm) 32.5 29.7 24.9 28.7 28.3 21.9 23.0 - Cv 0.29 0.23 0.23 0.27 0.31 0.23 0.25 Cs 0.97 0.55 1.45 0.90 2.03 0.62 0.09 2 (mm) 17.7 16.7 13.2 16.0 14.0 12.4 13.2 3 (mm) 3.06 1.25 3.10 2.37 4.87 2.11 0.25 2 0.16 0.13 0.12 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.14 3 0.17 0.07 0.23 0.15 0.35 0.17 0.02

38

3.8 .

58 28 56 44 (mm) 99.3 87.9 107.1 112.3 (mm) 34.0 22.6 20.1 33.7 Cv 0.34 0.26 0.19 0.30 Cs 1.79 0.47 1.17 0.92 2 (mm) 17.67 12.83 10.83 18.59 3 (mm) 4.22 1.31 2.80 4.44 2 0.18 0.15 0.10 0.17 3 0.24 0.10 0.26 0.24 57 27 56 44 (mm) 133.4 125.7 162.0 161.9 (mm) 40.7 42.1 39.5 49.3 Cv 0.31 0.33 0.24 0.30 Cs 1.28 1.33 1.13 1.03 2 (mm) 21.8 22.5 21.5 26.9 3 (mm) 4.86 6.27 3.74 4.20 2 0.16 0.18 0.13 0.17 3 0.22 0.28 0.17 0.16

39

3.9 .

35 48 29 55 34 49 28 (mm) 83.5 76.7 72.5 79.1 70.8 96.7 85.9 (mm) 21.0 26.0 26.6 23.5 19.9 33.2 28.2 - Cv 0.25 0.34 0.37 0.30 0.28 0.34 0.33 Cs 1.58 3.04 0.89 0.23 0.81 1.25 2.64 2 (mm) 11.0 11.7 14.8 13.3 11.0 17.8 13.4 3 (mm) 1.44 4.01 3.66 0.25 1.63 4.71 4.28 2 0.13 0.15 0.20 0.17 0.16 0.18 0.16 3 0.13 0.34 0.25 0.02 0.15 0.27 0.32 35 48 30 55 34 49 28 (mm) 126.9 112.0 99.5 113.6 100.0 128.8 123.3 (mm) 31.9 34.6 36.2 33.9 26.4 46.9 41.0 - Cv 0.25 0.31 0.36 0.30 0.26 0.36 0.33 Cs 0.29 1.72 0.87 0.04 0.65 1.81 2.07 2 (mm) 18.4 17.6 20.2 19.4 14.8 23.8 20.3 3 (mm) 1.52 5.24 3.80 0.57 1.46 6.24 3.78 2 0.14 0.16 0.20 0.17 0.15 0.19 0.16 3 0.08 0.30 0.19 0.03 0.10 0.26 0.19

, 3.7-3.9 , . . . , 3.3, . - , . , . ,

40

. , .

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

(mm)

(m)

3.3 .

y = 1.44 xR 2 = 0.933

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

, x (mm)

,

y (m

m)

3.4 .

41

, , 3.1 ( ) , 3.4, , ( ), , , , .

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

,

, f 1 d2 d

3.5

.

, . , b(d), 3.1.5. a(). , , , , ( -). , , . , , , 3.5 306 ( ) . = 0.19 0.31 , .

42

. ke , , :

ke = k / [1 + (k 1) ] (3.27)

k o . Yule Alexander National Research Council (1988, . 25). , k = 18 = 0.19 0.31, ke = 4.2 2.9, (

43

( ). , y := i(24 h, ) (1 + 24/), , 3.1.5, a() , y = z (1 + 24/) / 24. . y z , z (1 + 24/) / 24.

3.2 3.3, ( (3.8) (3.9) . , 1997, Koutsoyiannis et al., 1998). ( ). 3.10. , , ( 3.10) 96.0 mm ( , ), (1.13).

3.10 ( (3.8) (3.9)).

' ' 0.1 0.6 0.1 19.57 4.29 195.7 0.57 0.1 0.6 0.1 22.27 4.29 222.7 0.57 0.1 0.6 0.1 18.78 4.29 187.8 0.57 . 0.1 0.6 0.1 17.12 4.29 171.2 0.57 0.1 0.6 0.1 16.23 4.29 162.3 0.57 . 0.1 0.6 0.1 17.36 4.29 173.6 0.57 0.1 0.6 0.1 16.48 4.29 164.8 0.57 0.1 0.6 0.1 24.44 4.29 244.4 0.57 0.1 0.6 0.1 22.84 4.29 228.4 0.57 0.1 0.6 0.1 27.96 4.29 279.6 0.57 0.1 0.6 0.1 27.09 4.29 270.9 0.57 0.1 0.6 0.1 21.85 4.29 218.5 0.57 0.1 0.6 0.1 19.68 4.29 196.8 0.57 0.15 0.77 0.1 34.42 3.24 344.2 0.68 0.1 0.6 0.1 20.11 4.29 201.1 0.57 0.1 0.6 0.1 17.63 4.29 176.3 0.57 0.1 0.6 0.1 23.70 4.29 237.0 0.57 0.1 0.6 0.1 21.83 4.29 218.3 0.57 0.1 0.6 0.1 21.60 4.29 216.0 0.57

3.7-3.11 3.12-3.24 . , Weibull (Stedinger et al., 1993, p. 18.25 , 1997, . 117). , (.. ) .

44

1

10

100

1000

1 10 100

, ()

, i (m

m/h

) 5 min 10 min 15 min30 min 1 h 2 h6 h 12 h 24 h

3.7 ()

Weibull () .

1

10

100

1 10 100 , ()

, i (m

m/h

) 1 h 2 h6 h 12 h24 h - 24 h - 48 h -

3.8 ()

Weibull () .

45

1

10

100

1 10 100 , ()

,

i (m

m/h

) 1 h 2 h6 h 12 h24 h - 24 h - 48 h -

3.9 ()

Weibull ( ) .

1

10

100

1 10 100 , ()

,

i (m

m/h

) 1 h 2 h6 h 12 h24 h - 24 h - 48 h -

3.10 ()

Weibull ( ) .

46

1

10

100

1 10 100 , ()

,

i (m

m/h

) 1 h 2 h6 h 12 h24 h - 24 h - 48 h -

3.11 ()

Weibull ( ) .

1

10

1 10 100 , ()

, i (m

m/h

)

24 h48 h

3.12 ()

Weibull ( ) .

47

1

10

1 10 100 , ()

, i (m

m/h

)

24 h48 h

3.13 ()

Weibull ( ) .

1

10

1 10 100 , ()

, i (m

m/h

)

24 h48 h

3.14 ()

Weibull ( ) .

48

1

10

1 10 100 , ()

, i (m

m/h

)

24 h48 h

3.15 ()

Weibull ( ) .

1

10

1 10 100 , ()

, i (m

m/h

)

24 h48 h

3.16 ()

Weibull ( ) .

49

1

10

1 10 100 , ()

, i (m

m/h

)

24 h48 h

3.17 ()

Weibull ( ) .

1

10

100

1 10 100 , ()

, i (m

m/h

)

24 h48 h

3.18 ()

Weibull ( ) .

50

1

10

1 10 100 , ()

, i (m

m/h

) 24 h48 h

3.19 ()

Weibull ( ) .

1

10

1 10 100 , ()

, i (m

m/h

)

24 h48 h

3.20 ()

Weibull ( ) .

51

1

10

1 10 100 , ()

, i (m

m/h

)

24 h48 h

3.21 ()

Weibull ( ) .

1

10

1 10 100 , ()

, i (m

m/h

)

24 h48 h

3.22 ()

Weibull ( ) .

52

1

10

1 10 100 , ()

, i (m

m/h

)

24 h48 h

3.23 ()

Weibull ( ) .

1

10

1 10 100 , ()

, i (m

m/h

)

24 h48 h

3.24 ()

Weibull ( ) .

3.5 (1990) . ,

53

3.25. , , . (. 3.7 3.8).

1

10

100

1000

0.01 0.1 1 10 100

(h)

(mm

/h)

T = 2 T = 10

T = 100 T = 1000

3.25 (

) (1990) ( ).

3.6 3.10. :

i(d, T) = 216.0 (T 0.1 0.57)

(1 + d/0.1)0.6 , h(d, T) = i(d, T) d (d h, h mm, i mm/h, ) (3.28)

( 3.1.4), ( 1), .

54

3.7 (3.28) . (1999, . 153):

= max

(1 0.048 A 0.36 0.01 ln A

d 0.35 , 0.25) (3.29)

( ), km2 d h. National Environmental Research Council (1975), 1 min 25 1 30 000 km2.

(3.29) (1793.8 km2) , 3.11.

3.11 .

d (h) 1 2 4 6 12 24 48 0.594 0.681 0.750 0.783 0.830 0.866 0.895

3.8 (PPC, 1981a, b) 6, 12, 24 48 h 11 19 . () 1222 km2 (PPC, 1981b), () 640 km2 (PPC, 1981a), () 204 km2 (PPC, 1981a). , (3.29).

3.26 3.28, (11-19 ) , . 6 h, 48 h. , 12-48 , , . , , . , . , (204 km2) . , , .

55

10

100

1000

1 10 100

, ()

,

h (m

m)

6 h 12 h 24 h 48 h

3.26 (1222 km2) (PPC, 1981b). ,

(3.9) (3.8), .

10

100

1000

1 10 100

, ()

,

h (m

m)

6 h 12 h 24 h 48 h

3.27

(640 km2) (PPC,

1981a). , (3.9).

56

10

100

1000

1 10 100

, ()

,

h (m

m)

6 h 12 h 24 h 48 h

3.28 (204 km2) (PPC,

1981a). , (3.9).

. , (), (Koutsoyiannis, 1999, 2007 Papalexiou and Koutsoyiannis, 2006), . - Nunn, Snyder & Associates (1972), (World Meteorological Organization, 1986). , , . Nunn, Snyder & Associates (1972) , 3.29. , . 10 000 . 3.1.3, 60 000 , .

57

1

10

100

1 10 100

(h)

(mm

/h)

, , T =1000 , , T =10000 , , T =60000 Nunn, Snyder & Associates (1972) Hershfield (1961, 1965)

3.29 ,

, (Nunn, Snyder & Associates, 1972) Hershfield ( )..

Hershfield (1961, 1965 . World Meteorological Organization, 1986) . , , . , .

Hershfield hm

hm = h + km sh (30)

h sh , , d, km

Hershfield d h. (, 1998 , 1999, .160)

58

km = 20 8.6 ln

h-

130 + 1

24

d

0.4

(d h, h mm) (31)

km, , (. , 1998).

( ). , , 94.0 mm 32.1 mm 124.0 mm 42.0 , km 15.3 (. 15) 16.5 . Hershfield 586.1 mm 815 mm, 507.8 mm 729.5 mm , . 3.29. Hershfield 60 000 . = 0.10, 3.1.3 ( (3.7)), = 60 000 Hershfield = 0.183 0.00049 94.0 = 0.14. Hershfield, = 60 000 ( ).

3.9 (Koutsoyiannis and Baloutsos, 2000) :

i(d, T) = 152.9 (T 0.185 0.45) (1 + d/0.189) 0.796 , (d h, h mm, i mm/h, ) (3.32)

, 136 ( ) , 30 , .

() 3.30. , , ( 1 h) , , 12 h.

, (, 2001) :

i(d, T) = 282.8 (T 0.202 0.481)

(1 + d/0.18) 0.81 , (d h, h mm, i mm/h, ) (3.33)

59

1

10

100

1000

0.1 1 10 100

(h)

(mm

/h)

, T =2, T =2 , T =10, T =10 , T =100, T =100 , T =1000, T =1000 , T =10000, T =10000

3.30 ( )

(Koutsoyiannis and Baloutsos, 2000).

3.31. , , , .

, .. (2001) , . :

i(d, T) = 348.9 (T 0.127 0.68)

(1 + d/0.05) 0.55 , (d h, h mm, i mm/h, ) (3.34)

3.32 , , . , .

60

1

10

100

1000

0.1 1 10 100

(h)

(mm

/h)

, T =2, T =2 , T =10, T =10 , T =100, T =100 , T =1000, T =1000 , T =10000, T =10000

3.31 ( )

(, 2001).

, , , ( . , .

61

1

10

100

1000

0.1 1 10 100

(h)

(mm

/h)

, T =2, T =2 , T =10, T =10 , T =100, T =100 , T =1000, T =1000 , T =10000, T =10000

3.32 ( )

( .., 2001).

62

4

4.1 . , ( , , , , ). , , . , : , Snyder, Kirpich Giandotti. , , Snyder, (Nunn, Snyder & Associates, 1972). . , , . , (. 2.5 5).

4.1.1 (Sutcliffe, 1978) , . d = 1 h. ( h) :

tp = 46.6 L 0.14

S1085 0.38 (1 + URBAN) 1.99 RSMD 0.4 (4.1)

( ):

tb = 2.52 tp (4.2)

(4.1), L ( km) S1085 ( m/km), , 10% 85% URBAN RSMD , 24 h, 5 ( mm).

63

, ( = ), :

Qp = 2 h0 A

tb (4.3)

h0 = 10 mm . Qp , tp tb , 1 h.

Snyder tp / 5.5 :

tp = Ct (L Lc)0.3 (4.4)

Qp = CQ Atp (4.5)

tp (h), Lc (km), Ct CQ 1.5 1.72 ( SI), , . Snyder (Nunn, Snyder & Associates, 1972) Ct = 0.76 CQ = 2.0, . tp : tp = tp + d / 2 (4.6)

d .

Giandotti, , :

t = 4 A + 1.5 L

0.8 H (4.7)

t h, A km2, L km, H , m (.. , 1999, . 48).

Kirpich:

t = 0.0663 L 0.77 S 0.385 (4.8)

L km S m/km, 1940 Soil Conservation Service. Tennessee 0.5 45 ha (3%-10%), 0%-56% (, 1999, . 48).

, (.. , 1999, . 147):

tp 0.6 t + d / 2 (4.9)

64

4.1.2 , 4.1. (. 4.1.1) 4.1 (. 1.1), .

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0 20 40 60 80 100

(km)

(m)

4.1 .

, 4.1.1, 1 h ( , Snyder, Giandotti, Kirpich). , RSMD = 101.1 mm, 24 h 5 . , URBAN . Snyder, Ct = 0.76. , Kirpich Giandotti .

4.1, (6.6 h) , 10 h. tp = 10 h. , 10 h 400 m3/s, Snyder (376 m3/s). , Snyder (Nunn, Snyder & Associates, 1972) L Lc (8.9 h) (408 m3/s 6 h).

65

4.1 1 h.

, A (km2) 1793.8 , L (km) 103.3 .. , Lc (km) 47.6 , zE (m) 38 , z (m) 800 , z (m) 854.0 10% , z10 (m) 56.2 85% , z85 (m) 540.9 10% 85% , S1085 (m/km) 6.26 , RSMD (mm) 101.1 , tp (h) 6.6 Snyder, t'p (h) 9.7 Snyder 1 h, tp (h) 10.2 Kirpich (h) 16.6 Kirpich (h) 10.5 Giandotti (h) 14.2 Giandotti (h) 9.0 1 h (.), tp (h) 10.0 , Tb (h) 25.2 (.), Tb (h) 25 , Qp (m3/s) 398.6 , Qp (m3/s) (Snyder) 376.0

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

, t (h)

,

Q (m

3 /s)

6 h Snyder (Nunn, Snyder & Associates,1972) Snyder 1 h

4.2

1 6 h.

66

(Nunn, Snyder & Associates, 1972). , Snyder, 1 h, , 6 h Nunn, Snyder & Associates (1972). 1 h 10 h, , 438.6 m3/s. 1 h 6 h, 4.2, , , .

, , , , 4.3. 60.3 km, ( ) 0.50. Di Lazzaro (2009),

uc = 5.83S0.275 (uc m/s) (10)

S , . , S = 0.0136, uc = 1.8 m/s 6.5 km/h. 60.3/6.5 = 9.3 h. 0.5 km 0.05 m/s ( 0.03 m/s Di Lazzaro, 2009), 2.8 h. 12.1 h, . , ( Snyder , ). ( 4.2) 13.4 h, 13.4 0.5 = 12.9 h, . , 1 h 4.2 0.62, 0.5 . , . , , 4.3. , , ( ) 12.2 h 0.5 10 h 350 m3/s, 4.3 10 h, (437.6 m3/s), .

67

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

, L (km)

L

4.3 , L

(km) .

4.2 . , Koutsoyiannis (1994), . ( worst profile U.S. Department of the Interior, 1977, . 817 Koutsoyiannis, 1994) (alternating block method Sutcliffe, 1978, . 31-35, Chow et al., 1988, . 466).

, . , , , , .

(.., ). , ( ) . , , . , (Koutsoyiannis, 1994) , .

68

H , , () . (, , ). , . : , , . . , .

, ( ) . , 48 , , ( 60 000 ) , .

4.3 -

4.3.1 Soil Conservation Service () , , SCS, Soil Conservation Service. (Soil Conservation Service, 1972 U.S. Department of the Interior, 1977 . , 1999, . 274-278):

t0, ha0 ( ), . , t0, he h ha0, h .

, ha0, S, (potential maximum retention).

t > t0, () he (ha ha0), (h ha0 S, ), .

, :

he = 0 h ha0

(h ha0)2

h ha0 + S h > ha0 (4.11)

, ha0 = 0.2 S, , , S. , (4.11)

69

he = 0 h 0.2 S

(h 0.2 S)2h + 0.8 S h > 0.2 S

(4.12)

(4.12) , . To ( ) 1.2 S.

, S . , S ( mm) , CN, (runoff curve number), :

S = 254 100CN 1 (4.13)

CN 0 100, , . , SCS , :

: , .. .

: , .. .

C: , .. , , .

D: , .. , , .

, , :

: , 5 13 mm ( 35 mm ).

: , 5 13 38 mm ( 35-53 mm ).

: , 5 38 mm ( 53 mm ).

CN .

4.3.2 , SCS CN (.. Chow et al., 1988, p. 150), .

, 1.2. , , , D. : , -.

70

CN - 4.2. , , ( , 1999, . 278). , CN . - ( 3 3 = 9 ) :

CN = j = 1

9 Fi F Ci (4.14)

F i . 4.2. CN 77.4, S = 74.2 mm.

4.2 CN 9 ,

CN .

CNi

, Fi/F (Fi/F) CNi

A 45 0.08 3.54 70 0.01 0.78 , 65 0.04 2.54 B 64 0.04 2.74 76 0.01 0.69 , 70 0.11 7.78 D 83 0.55 45.79 87 0.13 11.46 , 86 0.02 2.11 1.0 77.4

4.4 Nunn, Snyder & Associates (1972) 347 m3/s. ( = 5 ) , 53 m3/s, = 60 000 . :

Qb = 40 T0.2 (15)

4.5 , ( ) 2 60 000 (. 4.2). UHDESCON (, 1988, http://www.itia.ntua.gr/en/softinfo/16/). , , .

71

4.3 .

, T () 2 5 10 20 50 , D (h) 48 48 48 48 48 , H' (mm) 114.5 138.0 157.2 177.8 207.4 , H* (mm) 57.1 76.9 93.6 112.0 139.0 : 55.3% 50.1% 46.7% 43.6% 40.0% (m3/s) 1639 2145 2563 3021 3675 (h) 48 48 48 48 48 24 (m3/s) 959 1264 1516 1797 2198 . (m3/s) 858 1135 1363 1617 1982 (hm3) 102.4 138.0 167.7 201.1 249.7 (hm3) 119.8 158.8 191.6 228.7 282.6

4.4 .

, T () 100 200 500 , D (h) 48 48 48 , H' (mm) 231.6 257.6 294.8 , H* (mm) 161.5 185.9 221.3 : 37.6% 35.4% 32.8% (m3/s) 4217 4794 5623 (h) 48 48 48 24 (m3/s) 2532 2891 3404 . (m3/s) 2284 2611 3079 (hm3) 289.9 334.0 397.2 (hm3) 327.7 377.5 449.7

4.5 .

, T () 1000 2000 5000 10000 20000 60000 , D (h) 48 48 48 48 48 48 , H' (mm) 325.3 357.9 404.8 443.1 484.3 555.6 , H* (mm) 250.6 282.1 327.6 365.1 405.4 475.6 : 31.0% 29.4% 27.5% 26.2% 25.1% 23.4% (m3/s) 6299 7035 8069 8929 9841 11428 (h) 48 48 48 48 48 48 24 (m3/s) 3827 4290 4941 5484 6062 7069 . (m3/s) 3466 3888 4482 4978 5507 6427 (hm3) 449.6 506.8 587.4 654.8 727.5 852.3 (hm3) 509.7 576.0 670.5 750.1 837.1 988.8

72

( ) 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.6. , 2007/60/ ( , 2007): 2-50 , 100-500 , 1000 . ) .

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108, t (h)

,

Q (m

3 /s) = 2

= 5 = 10 = 20 = 50

4.4

.

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108, t (h)

,

Q (m

3 /s)

= 100

= 200

= 500

4.5 .

73

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108, t (h)

,

Q [m

3 /s]

= 1000 = 2000 = 5000 = 10000 = 20000 = 60000

4.6

. Qp, 4.3 4.5, , :

Qp = 4967 (T0.1 0.745) (Qp m3/s, ) (4.16)

4.7, . , Pareto 0.1.

, , 5, 4.3 4.5 ( 24 24 , , QD ( ). , . ( Pareto), :

QD = 2252 (T0.108 0.745) (QD m3/s, ) (4.17)

4.7, .

74

100

1000

10000

100000

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

, ()

, Q,

,

QD (m

3 /s)

, ,

, ,

4.7 (

) , ( Pareto) (4.16) (4.17), .

75

5

, 2.13 2.14, . , , 5.1, . = 0.10, = 264.3 m3/s = 2.33, .

100

1000

10000

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

, ()

,

QD (m

3 /s)

5.1

: , , Pareto

( (5.1)), Pareto ( (4.17)).

, , . Koutsoyiannis et al. (1998), 3.1.3, Pareto, 5.1 ( , ). Pareto

76

QD = 2615 (T0.1 0.764) (QD m3/s, ) (5.1)

5.1 Pareto ( (4.17). ( (5.1)) , .

77

6

6.1 , 500 m3/s. , , ( ) .

6.2 , - , (, 1988, 1999). :

dS(t)

dt + Q(t) = I(t) (6.1)

S , Q , I t .

S , z, , Q, . , . , , :

1. - ,

S = f(z) (6.2)

2. -

Q = g(z) (6.3)

H t = tj tj 1:

Sj + t 2 Qj = Sj 1 +

t 2 (Ij + Ij 1 Qj 1) (6.4)

I(t), (6.4) . , :

1. zj = zj1, Qj = Qj1 Sj = Sj1.

78

2. Sj (6.4). Sj (6.4).

3. (6.2) zj.

4. (6.3) Qj.

5. 2 4, Sj ( zj Qj) .

( 4-8). ( ) , -, ( ).

ResFldRt (, 1988).

6.3 - 6.1.

S = 0.042 (z 40)2.23 (z m, S hm3) (6.5)

- , , 6.2.

Q = c b H3/2 (6.6)

Q (m3/s), (m), , c 2 b = 37.5 m ( 12.5 m). z = +107.5 m, = z z.

6.4 ( ), ( ).

+100 +120 m. 120 m .

(+107.5 m) (500 m3/s).

, +120 m, +120 m.

79

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

, S (hm3)

, z

(m)

6.1 - .

107.5

109.5

111.5

113.5

115.5

117.5

119.5

121.5

123.5

125.5

127.5

0 800 1600 2400 3200 4000 4800 5600 6400

, Q (m3/s)

, z

(m)

6.2 -

.

80

( ) , 8 m +120 m, (6.6).

+120 m , 3300 m3/s. , 3800 m3/s. 3800 m3/s, , , 4, 70 .

3800 m3/s, , . +128 m +126 m ( 2 m).

( ) +120 m, , 8 m .

3800 m3/s ( ) . 70 ( ) (.. 20-50 ), . , , . 3800 m3/s.

6.5 2005 2005 1700 m3/s. , 6.4.

, , ( ) .

, () +118 m, +120 m . , , . . +120 m . , +120 m, +120 m

81

, (1600 m3/s) .

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

28/12/200500:00

28/12/200512:00

29/12/200500:00

29/12/200512:00

30/12/200500:00

30/12/200512:00

31/12/200500:00

31/12/200512:00

01/01/200600:00

/

(m3 /

s)

115.5

116

116.5

117

117.5

118

118.5

119

119.5

120

(m)

6.3

2005.

. .

, .

0 ( ): :

, ( ) , +107.5 m.

. +107.5 m, (500 m3/s), +107.5 m, .

1 ( , 2005). :

82

+118 m.

(500 m3/s) , +118 m.

+118 m, .

+118 m.

2 ( , 6.4). 1, +120 m +118 m:

+120 m.

(500 m3/s) , +120 m.

+120 m, .

+120 m.

6.6 ( 100 ), , ( ). 6.1 6.3, . 1000 60 000 6.4 6.5, , . 6.6.

83

6.1 0.

() 100 200 500 1000 2000 5000 10 000 20 000 60 000 (m3/s) 4217 4794 5623 6299 7035 8069 8929 9841 11428 (m3/s) 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 (m3/s) 1463 1805 2310 2740 3216 3892 4461 5081 6160 (m3/s) 1963 2305 2810 3240 3716 4392 4961 5581 6660 (m) 114.74 115.83 117.33 118.51 119.75 121.41 122.74 124.12 126.39 (hm3) 633 654 683 706 731 766 794 824 874 (hm3) 350 404 481 546 617 720 807 903 1071 (hm3) 193 205 220 231 242 256 268 279 297 (hm3) 158 199 262 316 376 464 540 624 774 (hm3) 351 405 482 547 618 721 808 903 1071

6.18 1.


6.3 2.


84

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

0 24 48 72 96 120 144 168

(h)

(m3 /

s)

107.5

111.5

115.5

119.5

123.5

(m

)

, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2

6.4

1000.

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

0 24 48 72 96 120 144 168

(h)

(m3 /

s)

107.5

111.5

115.5

119.5

123.5

127.5

131.5

(m

), 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2

6.5

60 000 .

85

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

100 1000 10000 100000

, ()

, Q (m

3 /s)

113.0

115.5

118.0

120.5

123.0

125.5

128.0

,

z (m

)

, 2 , 1 , 0 , 2 , 1 , 0

6.6

.

6.7 , 0 . 1 , 2005, , . , 2 () .

6.6 1000 2, . 100 1000 16% ( ). 1000 . , 2007/60, ( 1000 ).

86

, . 8560 m3/s (Nunn, Snyder & Associates, 1972) 6100 m3/s ( , 2009). , 10 000 20 000 , 60 000 . 20 000 ( 2.0 m), . 60 000 , ( 0.2 m 0.6 m 2 1, ). , 0, ( 1.6 m), () .

, , , .

87

7

1. , , , .

2. , .

3. , , () () ( 0.10 0.15), .

4. , , , , ( ).

5. , , , ( 1000 , 60 000 , ).

6. . (. 1 2 ).

7. , 1000 . , 2007/60, ( ). , 1000 10 000 ( .., 1997).

8. , ,

88

, 10 000 60 000 ( ).

9. , . . 2005 () , . , .

10. , , , . , .

11. , , .

89

, 2007/60/ 23 2007 , 2007.

., . . , / . , ./.: 1644, 13 2009.

, ., , 16 , , , 1988.

, ., , 4, 312 , , , 1997.

, ., , , , 1998.

, ., , 3.1, 202 , , , 1999.

, . , . , & . , , 2001.

, ., . , , 3, 418 , , , 1999.

, ., . , . , . , . , . , , " ", : , , : , , 2001.

, ., . , , , : , : , . , , , II, 86 , , 1990.

, ., . , . , , , - A, , , , 1991.

, ., . , . , - , , : , , : . , , . , , . - . - . , 148 , , 1997.

Chow, V. T., D. R. Maidment, and L. W. Mays, Applied Hydrology, 572 pages, McGraw-Hill, 1988.

Di Lazzaro, ., Regional analysis of storm hydrographs in the Rescaled Width Function framework, Journal of Hydrology, 373 (3-4), 352-365, 2009.

90

Endreny, T. A., and N. Imbeah, Generating robust rainfall intensity-duration-frequency estimates with short-record satellite data, Journal of Hydrology, 371(1-4), 182-191, 2009.

Hershfield, D. M., Estimating the probable maximum precipitation, Proc. ASCE, J. Hydraul. Div., 87(HY5), 99-106, 1961

Hershfield, D. M., Method for estimating probable maximum precipitation, J. American Waterworks Association, 57, 965-972, 1965.

Hirsch, R. M., Helsel, D. R., Cohn, T. A., and Gilroy, E. J., Statistical analysis of hydrological data, Handbook of Hydrology, D. R. Maidment (ed.), McGraw-Hill, 1993.

Koutsoyiannis, D., A stochastic disaggregation method for design storm and flood synthesis, Journal of Hydrology, 156, 193-225, 1994.

Koutsoyiannis, D., A probabilistic view of Hershfield's method for estimating probable maximum precipitation, Water Resources Research, 35(4), 1313-1322, 1999.

Koutsoyiannis, D., Statistics of extremes and estimation of extreme rainfall, 1, Theoretical investigation, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 49 (4), 575590, 2004a.

Koutsoyiannis, D., Statistics of extremes and estimation of extreme rainfall, 2, Empirical investigation of long rainfall records, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 49 (4), 591610, 2004b.

Koutsoyiannis, D., An entropic-stochastic representation of rainfall intermittency: The origin of clustering and persistence, Water Resources Research, 42 (1), W01401, doi:10.1029/2005WR004175, 2006.

Koutsoyiannis, D., A critical review of probability of extreme rainfall: principles and models, Advances in Urban Flood Management, edited by R. Ashley, S. Garvin, E. Pasche, A. Vassilopoulos, and C. Zevenbergen, 139166, Taylor and Francis, London, 2007.

Koutsoyiannis, D., and G. Baloutsos, Analysis of a long record of annual maximum rainfall in Athens, Greece, and design rainfall inferences, Natural Hazards, 22(1), 31-51, 2000.

Koutsoyiannis, D., D. Kozonis, and A. Manetas, A mathematical framework for studying rainfall intensity-duration-frequency relationships, Journal of Hydrology, 206(1-2), 118-135, 1998.

Linsley, R. K., M. A. Kohler, and J. L. H. Paulhus, Hydrology for Engineers, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1975.

National Environmental Research Council (NERC), Flood Studies Report, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, 1975.

National Research Council, Estimating Probabilities of Extreme Floods: Methods and Recommended Research, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1988.

Nunn, Snyder & Associates, Review of Flood Hydrology Studies for Pournari HE Project, Greece, PPC, Athens, 1972.

Papalexiou, S.M., and D. Koutsoyiannis, A probabilistic approach to the concept of probable maximum precipitation, Advances in Geosciences, 7, 51-54, 2006.

PPC (Power Public Corporation), Upper Arachthos River, Stenon-Kalaritikos Project, Final Hydrology Report, PPC, Administration of Alternative Energy Forms, Athens, 1981a.

PPC (Power Public Corporation), Middle Arachthos River, Pistiana-Ag. Nikolaos Projects, Hydrology Report, PPC, Administration of Alternative Energy Forms, Athens, 1981b.

91

Snyder, F. F., Synthetic unit-graphs, EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 19, 447-454, 1988.

Soil Conservation Service, National Engineering Handbook, section 4, Hydrology, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.

Stedinger, J. R., R. M. Vogel, and . Foufoula-Georgiou, Frequency analysis of extreme events, Chapter 18 in Handbook of Hydrology, edited by D. R. Maidment, McGraw-Hill, 1993.

Sutcliffe J.V., Methods of Flood Estimation, A Guide to Flood Studies Report, Report No 49, Institute of Hydrology, UK, 1978.

U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Design of Arch Dams, U.S. Goverment Printing Office, Denver, CO, 1977.

Verbund Plan, Upper Arachthos River Development, Feasibility Study, Vol. II, Hydrology, Verbund Plan, Athens, 1972.

World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Manual for Estimation of Probable Maximum Precipitation, Operational Hydrology Report 1, 2nd edition, Publication 332, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, 1986.

92

:

(km2) 1793.8 () 2 . : i = ( - )/(1 + d/) (i mm/h, T , d h) 0.1 ' 216 ' 0.57 0.1 0.6 : , D (h) 48 , (h) 1 (Curve Number/SCS), CN 77.4 S = 25.4 (1000/CN - 10) (mm) 74.2 , H (mm) 127.9 , 0.90 , H' (mm) 114.5 , H* (mm) 57.1 : 55.3% . . . . . . . . t (h) h(t) (mm) h(t) (mm) h(t) (mm) h (mm) h (mm) h* (mm) h* (mm)

1.0 25.7 0.59 15.3 15.3 1.1 1.1 0.0 0.02.0 34.9 0.68 23.8 8.5 1.1 2.1 0.0 0.03.0 41.4 0.72 30.0 6.2 1.1 3.2 0.0 0.04.0 46.7 0.75 35.0 5.1 1.1 4.3 0.0 0.05.0 51.2 0.77 39.4 4.3 1.1 5.4 0.0 0.06.0 55.2 0.78 43.2 3.9 1.1 6.6 0.0 0.07.0 58.8 0.79 46.7 3.5 1.2 7.7 0.0 0.08.0 62.1 0.80 49.9 3.2 1.2 8.9 0.0 0.09.0 65.1 0.81 52.9 3.0 1.2 10.1 0.0 0.0

10.0 68.0 0.82 55.6 2.8 1.2 11.3 0.0 0.011.0 70.7 0.82 58.3 2.6 1.2 12.5 0.0 0.012.0 73.2 0.83 60.7 2.5 1.2 13.8 0.0 0.013.0 75.6 0.83 63.1 2.4 1.3 15.0 0.0 0.014.0 77.9 0.84 65.3 2.2 1.3 16.3 0.0 0.015.0 80.1 0.84 67.5 2.2 1.3 17.7 0.1 0.116.0 82.2 0.85 69.6 2.1 1.4 19.0 0.2 0.117.0 84.3 0.85 71.6 2.0 1.4 20.4 0.4 0.2

93

18.0 86.2 0.85 73.5 1.9 1.4 21.8 0.6 0.219.0 88.1 0.86 75.3 1.9 1.4 23.3 0.9 0.320.0 90.0 0.86 77.2 1.8 1.5 24.7 1.2 0.321.0 91.8 0.86 78.9 1.8 1.5 26.3 1.5 0.422.0 93.5 0.86 80.6 1.7 1.6 27.9 1.9 0.423.0 95.2 0.86 82.3 1.7 1.6 29.5 2.4 0.524.0 96.8 0.87 83.9 1.6 1.7 31.1 2.9 0.525.0 98.4 0.87 85.5 1.6 1.7 32.8 3.5 0.626.0 100.0 0.87 87.0 1.5 1.8 34.6 4.2 0.627.0 101.5 0.87 88.5 1.5 1.9 36.4 4.9 0.728.0 103.0 0.87 90.0 1.5 1.9 38.4 5.7 0.829.0 104.5 0.87 91.4 1.4 2.0 40.4 6.5 0.930.0 105.9 0.88 92.8 1.4 2.1 42.4 7.5 0.931.0 107.3 0.88 94.2 1.4 2.2 44.6 8.5 1.032.0 108.7 0.88 95.6 1.4 2.2 46.8 9.7 1.133.0 110.0 0.88 96.9 1.3 2.5 49.3 10.9 1.334.0 111.4 0.88 98.2 1.3 2.6 51.9 12.4 1.435.0 112.7 0.88 99.5 1.3 3.0 54.9 14.1 1.736.0 114.0 0.88 100.8 1.3 3.5 58.4 16.1 2.137.0 115.2 0.89 102.0 1.2 4.3 62.7 18.8 2.738.0 116.5 0.89 103.2 1.2 6.2 68.9 22.8 4.039.0 117.7 0.89 104.4 1.2 15.3 84.2 33.5 10.740.0 118.9 0.89 105.6 1.2 8.5 92.7 39.9 6.441.0 120.1 0.89 106.8 1.2 5.1 97.8 43.8 3.942.0 121.2 0.89 107.9 1.2 3.9 101.6 46.8 3.043.0 122.4 0.89 109.1 1.1 3.2 104.8 49.3 2.544.0 123.5 0.89 110.2 1.1 2.8 107.6 51.5 2.245.0 124.6 0.89 111.3 1.1 2.4 109.9 53.43 1.946.0 125.7 0.89 112.4 1.1 1.8 111.7 54.9 1.547.0 126.8 0.89 113.4 1.1 1.5 113.2 56.1 1.248.0 127.9 0.90 114.5 1.1 1.3 114.5 57.1 1.0

.

-

-

-

-

t (h) h* (mm) U (m3/s) E (m3/s) B (m3/s) I (m3/s) 0 0 0.0 46.0 46.0

1.0 0.0 20.4 0.0 46.0 46.0 2.0 0.0 42.5 0.0 46.0 46.0 3.0 0.0 71.3 0.0 46.0 46.0 4.0 0.0 112.5 0.0 46.0 46.0 5.0 0.0 170.5 0.0 46.0 46.0 6.0 0.0 245.3 0.0 46.0 46.0 7.0 0.0 327.4 0.0 46.0 46.0 8.0 0.0 394.4 0.0 46.0 46.0 9.0 0.0 433 0.0 46.0 46.0

10.0 0.0 437.6 0.0 46.0 46.0 11.0 0.0 407.7 0.0 46.0 46.0 12.0 0.0 348.7 0.0 46.0 46.0 13.0 0.0 273.7 0.0 46.0 46.0 14.0 0.0 205.5 0.0 46.0 46.0

94

15.0 0.1 154.5 0.2 46.0 46.2 16.0 0.1 121.9 0.6 46.0 46.6 17.0 0.2 104.4 1.5 46.0 47.5 18.0 0.2 96.7 3.1 46.0 49.1 19.0 0.3 93.3 5.7 46.0 51.7 20.0 0.3 89.6 9.7 46.0 55.7 21.0 0.4 83.8 15.6 46.0 61.6 22.0 0.4 76.4 23.6 46.0 69.6 23.0 0.5 68.6 33.8 46.0 79.8 24.0 0.5 61.5 46.1 46.0 92.1 25.0 0.6 55.8 60.4 46.0 106.4 26.0 0.6 51.3 76.2 46.0 122.2 27.0 0.7 47.6 93.3 46.0 139.3 28.0 0.8 44.2 111.3 46.0 157.3 29.0 0.9 40.9 130.3 46.0 176.3 30.0 0.9 37.5 150.1 46.0 196.1 31.0 1.0 34.1 170.9 46.0 216.9 32.0 1.1 30.9 192.9 46.0 238.9 33.0 1.3 28.1 216.5 46.0 262.5 34.0 1.4 25.5 242.1 46.0 288.1 35.0 1.7 23.1 270.1 46.0 316.1 36.0 2.1 20.7 301.3 46.0 347.3 37.0 2.7 18.5 337.2 46.0 383.2 38.0 4.0 16.2 380.9 46.0 426.9 39.0 10.7 14 447.2 46.0 493.2 40.0 6.4 12 530.2 46.0 576.2 41.0 3.9 10.3 631.0 46.0 677.0 42.0 3.0 8.8 754.8 46.0 800.8 43.0 2.5 7.5 904.7 46.0 950.7 44.0 2.2 6.2 1077.8 46.0 1123.8 45.0 1.9 4.7 1259.3 46.0 1305.3 46.0 1.5 3 1421.0 46.0 1467.0 47.0 1.2 1.3 1537.6 46.0 1583.6 48.0 1.0 0 1593.2 46.0 1639.2 49.0 1580.5 46.0 1626.5 50.0 1504.4 46.0 1550.4 51.0 1381.3 46.0 1427.3 52.0 1237.8 46.0 1283.8 53.0 1095.0 46.0 1141.0 54.0 963.6 46.0 1009.6 55.0 846.7 46.0 892.7 56.0 744.2 46.0 790.2 57.0 654.4 46.0 700.4 58.0 575.0 46.0 621.0 59.0 505.1 46.0 551.1 60.0 445.2 46.0 491.2 61.0 395.7 46.0 441.7 62.0 355.7 46.0 401.7 63.0 323.2 46.0 369.2 64.0 296.0 46.0 342.0 65.0 272.2 46.0 318.2 66.0 250.2 46.0 296.2 67.0 229.3 46.0 275.3 68.0 209.3 46.0 255.3

95

69.0 190.4 46.0 236.4 70.0 172.9 46.0 218.9 71.0 156.8 46.0 202.8 72.0 142.1 46.0 188.1 73.0 128.4 46.0 174.4 74.0 115.4 46.0 161.4 75.0 103.2 46.0 149.2 76.0 91.6 46.0 137.6 77.0 80.6 46.0 126.6 78.0 70.4 46.0 116.4 79.0 61.1 46.0 107.1 80.0 52.6 46.0 98.6 81.0 44.9 46.0 90.9 82.0 37.6 46.0 83.6 83.0 30.7 46.0 76.7 84.0 24.0 46.0 70.0 85.0 17.9 46.0 63.9 86.0 12.7 46.0 58.7 87.0 9.1 46.0 55.1 88.0 6.6 46.0 52.6 89.0 4.6 46.0 50.6 90.0 3.1 46.0 49.1 91.0 1.9 46.0 47.9 92.0 1.0 46.0 47.0 93.0 0.5 46.0 46.5 94.0 0.1 46.0 46.1 95.0 0.0 46.0 46.0 96.0 0.0 46.0 46.0 97.0 0.0 46.0 46.0 98.0 0.0 46.0 46.0 99.0 0.0 46.0 46.0

100.0 0.0 46.0 46.0 101.0 0.0 46.0 46.0 102.0 0.0 46.0 46.0 103.0 0.0 46.0 46.0 104.0 0.0 46.0 46.0

, D (h) 48.0 , H' (mm) 114.5 , H* (mm) 57.1 55.3% (m3/s) 1639.2 (h) 48.0 24 (m3/s) 958.9 . (m3/s) 858.1 (hm3) 102.44 (hm3) 119.83

96

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96

, t [h]

,

Q [m

3 /s]

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

, h

[mm

]

97

(km2) 1793.8 () 5 . : i = ( - )/(1 + d/) (i mm/h, T , d h) 0.1 ' 216 ' 0.57 0.1 0.6 : , D (h) 48 , (h) 1 (Curve Number/SCS), CN 77.4 S = 25.4 (1000/CN - 10) (mm) 74.2 , H (mm) 154.1 , 0.90 , H' (mm) 138.0 , H* (mm) 76.9 : 50.1% . . . . . . . . t (h) h(t) (mm) h(t) (mm) h(t) (mm) h (mm) h (mm) h* (mm) h* (mm)

1.0 31.0 0.59 18.4 18.4 1.3 1.3 0.0 0.02.0 42.0 0.68 28.6 10.2 1.3 2.6 0.0 0.03.0 49.9 0.72 36.1 7.5 1.3 3.9 0.0 0.04.0 56.3 0.75 42.2 6.1 1.3 5.2 0.0 0.05.0 61.7 0.77 47.4 5.2 1.3 6.6 0.0 0.06.0 66.5 0.78 52.1 4.6 1.4 7.9 0.0 0.07.0 70.8 0.79 56.3 4.2 1.4 9.3 0.0 0.08.0 74.8 0.80 60.1 3.9 1.4 10.7 0.0 0.09.0 78.5 0.81 63.7 3.6 1.4 12.2 0.0 0.0

10.0 81.9 0.82 67.0 3.3 1.5 13.6 0.0 0.011.0 85.1 0.82 70.2 3.1 1.5 15.1 0.0 0.012.0 88.2 0.83 73.2 3.0 1.5 16.6 0.0 0.013.0 91.1 0.83 76.0 2.8 1.5 18.1 0.1 0.114.0 93.9 0.84 78.7 2.7 1.6 19.7 0.3 0.215.0 96.5 0.84 81.3 2.6 1.6 21.3 0.5 0.216.0 99.1 0.85 83.8 2.5 1.6 22.9 0.8 0.317.0 101.5 0.85 86.2 2.4 1.7 24.6 1.1 0.318.0 103.9 0.85 88.5 2.3 1.7 26.3 1.5 0.419.0 106.2 0.86 90.8 2.2 1.7 28.0 2.0 0.520.0 108.4 0.86 93.0 2.2 1.8 29.8 2.5 0.521.0 110.6 0.86 95.1 2.1 1.9 31.7 3.1 0.622.0 112.6 0.86 97.1 2.1 1.9 33.6 3.8 0.723.0 114.7 0.86 99.1 2.0 1.9 35.5 4.5 0.7

98

24.0 116.7 0.87 101.1 1.9 2.0 37.5 5.3 0.825.0 118.6 0.87 103.0 1.9 2.1 39.6 6.2 0.926.0 120.5 0.87 104.8 1.9 2.1 41.7 7.1 0.927.0 122.3 0.87 106.6 1.8 2.2 43.9 8.2 1.128.0 124.1 0.87 108.4 1.8 2.3 46.2 9.3 1.229.0 125.9 0.87 110.2 1.7 2.4 48.6 10.6 1.230.0 127.6 0.88 111.9 1.7 2.5 51.1 11.9 1.331.0 129.3 0.88 113.5 1.7 2.6 53.7 13.4 1.532.0 131.0 0.88 115.2 1.6 2.7 56.4 15.0 1.633.0 132.6 0.88 116.8 1.6 3.0 59.4 16.7 1.834.0 134.2 0.88 118.3 1.6 3.1 62.6 18.7 2.035.0 135.8 0.88 119.9 1.5 3.6 66.2 21.0 2.336.0 137.3 0.88 121.4 1.5 4.2 70.4 23.8 2.837.0 138.8 0.89 122.9 1.5 5.2 75.6 27.4 3.638.0 140.3 0.89 124.4 1.5 7.5 83.1 32.7 5.339.0 141.8 0.89 125.8 1.5 18.4 101.5 46.7 14.040.0 143.3 0.89 127.3 1.4 10.2 111.7 54.9 8.241.0 144.7 0.89 128.7 1.4 6.1 117.8 59.8 5.042.0 146.1 0.89 130.0 1.4 4.6 122.4 63.7 3.843.0 147.5 0.89 131.4 1.4 3.9 126.3 66.9 3.244.0 148.8 0.89 132.8 1.3 3.3 129.6 69.7 2.845.0 150.2 0.89 134.1 1.3 2.8 132.5 72.15 2.446.0 151.5 0.89 135.4 1.3 2.2 134.6 74.0 1.947.0 152.8 0.89 136.7 1.3 1.8 136.5 75.6 1.548.0 154.1 0.90 138.0 1.3 1.5 138.0 76.9 1.3

.

-

-

-

-

t (h) h* (mm) U (m3/s) E (m3/s) B (m3/s) I (m3/s) 0 0 0.0 55.0 55.0

1.0 0.0 20.4 0.0 55.0 55.0 2.0 0.0 42.5 0.0 55.0 55.0 3.0 0.0 71.3 0.0 55.0 55.0 4.0 0.0 112.5 0.0 55.0 55.0 5.0 0.0 170.5 0.0 55.0 55.0 6.0 0.0 245.3 0.0 55.0 55.0 7.0 0.0 327.4 0.0 55.0 55.0 8.0 0.0 394.4 0.0 55.0 55.0 9.0 0.0 433 0.0 55.0 55.0

10.0 0.0 437.6 0.0 55.0 55.0 11.0 0.0 407.7 0.0 55.0 55.0 12.0 0.0 348.7 0.0 55.0 55.0 13.0 0.1 273.7 0.2 55.0 55.2 14.0 0.2 205.5 0.8 55.0 55.8 15.0 0.2 154.5 2.0 55.0 57.0 16.0 0.3 121.9 4.0 55.0 59.0 17.0 0.3 104.4 7.3 55.0 62.3 18.0 0.4 96.7 12.3 55.0 67.3 19.0 0.5 93.3 19.8 55.0 74.8 20.0 0.5 89.6 29.9 55.0 84.9

99

21.0 0.6 83.8 42.7 55.0 97.7 22.0 0.7 76.4 58.1 55.0 113.1 23.0 0.7 68.6 75.8 55.0 130.8 24.0 0.8 61.5 95.4 55.0 150.4 25.0 0.9 55.8 116.7 55.0 171.7 26.0 0.9 51.3 139.2 55.0 194.2 27.0 1.1 47.6 162.9 55.0 217.9 28.0 1.2 44.2 188.0 55.0 243.0 29.0 1.2 40.9 214.2 55.0 269.2 30.0 1.3 37.5 241.5 55.0 296.5 31.0 1.5 34.1 270.5 55.0 325.5 32.0 1.6 30.9 301.2 55.0 356.2 33.0 1.8 28.1 334.0 55.0 389.0 34.0 2.0 25.5 369.1 55.0 424.1 35.0 2.3 23.1 407.1 55.0 462.1 36.0 2.8 20.7 449.0 55.0 504.0 37.0 3.6 18.5 496.9 55.0 551.9 38.0 5.3 16.2 554.7 55.0 609.7 39.0 14.0 14 641.4 55.0 696.4 40.0 8.2 12 749.0 55.0 804.0 41.0 5.0 10.3 878.8 55.0 933.8 42.0 3.8 8.8 1037.2 55.0 1092.2 43.0 3.2 7.5 1228.5 55.0 1283.5 44.0 2.8 6.2 1448.6 55.0 1503.6 45.0 2.4 4.7 1678.5 55.0 1733.5 46.0 1.9 3 1881.5 55.0 1936.5 47.0 1.5 1.3 2025.3 55.0 2080.3 48.0 1.3 0 2090.0 55.0 2145.0 49.0 2066.5 55.0 2121.5 50.0 1961.6 55.0 2016.6 51.0 1797.1 55.0 1852.1 52.0 1607.9 55.0 1662.9 53.0 1421.2 55.0 1476.2 54.0 1250.2 55.0 1305.2 55.0 1099.0 55.0 1154.0 56.0 966.9 55.0 1021.9 57.0 851.2 55.0 906.2 58.0 748.9 55.0 803.9 59.0 658.6 55.0 713.6 60.0 580.9 55.0 635.9 61.0 516.6 55.0 571.6 62.0 464.3 55.0 519.3 63.0 421.7 55.0 476.7 64.0 386.1 55.0 441.1 65.0 354.9 55.0 409.9 66.0 326.0 55.0 381.0 67.0 298.6 55.0 353.6 68.0 272.5 55.0 327.5 69.0 247.7 55.0 302.7 70.0 224.8 55.0 279.8 71.0 203.8 55.0 258.8 72.0 184.5 55.0 239.5 73.0 166.5 55.0 221.5 74.0 149.6 55.0 204.6

100

75.0 133.7 55.0 188.7 76.0 118.5 55.0 173.5 77.0 104.2 55.0 159.2 78.0 90.9 55.0 145.9 79.0 78.8 55.0 133.8 80.0 67.8 55.0 122.8 81.0 57.7 55.0 112.7 82.0 48.4 55.0 103.4 83.0 39.4 55.0 94.4 84.0 30.8 55.0 85.8 85.0 22.8 55.0 77.8 86.0 16.1 55.0 71.1 87.0 11.6 55.0 66.6 88.0 8.3 55.0 63.3 89.0 5.8 55.0 60.8 90.0 3.9 55.0 58.9 91.0 2.4 55.0 57.4 92.0 1.3 55.0 56.3 93.0 0.6 55.0 55.6 94.0 0.2 55.0 55.2 95.0 0.0 55.0 55.0 96.0 0.0 55.0 55.0 97.0 0.0 55.0 55.0 98.0 0.0 55.0 55.0 99.0 0.0 55.0 55.0

100.0 0.0 55.0 55.0 101.0 0.0 55.0 55.0 102.0 0.0 55.0 55.0 103.0 0.0 55.0 55.0 104.0 0.0 55.0 55.0

, D (h) 48.0 , H' (mm) 138.0 , H* (mm) 76.9 50.1% (m3/s) 2145.0 (h) 48.0 24 (m3/s) 1264.5 . (m3/s) 1134.5 (hm3) 137.96 (hm3) 158.75

101

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96

, t [h]

,

Q [m

3 /s]

0

5

10

15

20

25

, h

[mm

]

102

(km2) 1793.8 () 10 . : i = ( - )/(1 + d/) (i mm/h, T , d h) 0.1 ' 216 ' 0.57 0.1 0.6 : , D (h) 48 , (h) 1 (Curve Number/SCS), CN 77.4 S = 25.4 (1000/CN - 10) (mm) 74.2 , H (mm) 175.6 , 0.90 , H' (mm) 157.2 , H* (mm) 93.6 : 46.7% .

2010arachthos floods

Documents