2010 - offshore wind environmental impacts
DESCRIPTION
Environmental impacts of offshore windTRANSCRIPT
Environmental impactsOffshore wind
David Clubb
Wind farm development November 11th 2010 - Barcelona
Air and climate change programmeEnergy and transport group
David Clubb
Renewable energy project manager
What is the EEA?
offshore wind impacts
planning & future developments
What is the EEA?
32 members
CBA – 10:1
protect
coordinate
inform
ACC
IEA
NSVSES
ADS
mitigation
air/noise
energy/transport
2009
www.eea.europa.eu/publications/europes-onshore-and-offshore-wind-energy-potential
630 GW
NREAPS
www.ecn.nl/docs/library/report/2010/e10069.pdf
Why the interestin
offshore wind?
Some predictions
Impacts…
“Pure power, EWEA, 2009”
http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2010-014.pdf
Construction
http
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Operation
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Decommissioninghttp://www.flickr.com/photos/glentropy/2315000395/sizes/m/in/photostream/
Construction
www.centrica.co.uk
dredging drilling
piling
boat traffic
http://www.noordzeewind.nl/files/Common/Data/OWEZ_R_252_Tc_20080219_harbour_porpoises.pdf
“…construction did not lead to visibly increased mortality of harbour porpoises…” http://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/content/image_galleries/northwest_whales_s12_w6_gallery.shtml?8
“Did the pile driving during construction of Egmond aan Zee impact porpoises?”
“For bottlenose dolphins, auditory injury would only have occurred within 100m of the pile-driving…and behavioural disturbance, defined as modifications in behaviour, could have occurred up to 50km away”
Assessing underwater noise levels during pile-driving at an offshore windfarm and its potential effects on marine mammals, Bailey et al, 2010
wider is better
Operation
maintenance
operation
“Overall, less than 1% of the ducks and geese fly close enough to the turbines to be at any risk of collision…”
Avian collision risk at an offshore wind farm, Desholm et al, 2005
“…efforts should also be made to assess the cumulative impacts of small-scale local effects on the different geographically-defined avian populations…”
?
not enough
data
“…direct habitat loss is between 2% and 5% of the total development area…potential positive impacts may arise from the creation of refuges free from fishing pressure”
Impacts of climate change and selected renewables on EU biodiversity and Natura 2000 network, Keder et al, 2009
http
://en
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closer is better
artificial reef
“…The evidence on the impacts of cables is inconclusive but the impacts seem to be minimal”
Spatial planning of offshore wind farms: A windfall to marine environmental protection? Punt et al, 2009
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10m
Decommissioning
similar impacts
Construction
to sum up
Impacts of climate change and selected renewables on EU biodiversity and Natura 2000 network, Keder et al, 2009
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_040608-N-8164H-004_Members_of_the_Federal_Funeral_Operations_Center,_Naval_Base_Ventura_County,_Point_Mugu,_meet_to_discuss_the_status_of_planning_of_full_military_honors_for_former_President_Ronald_Reagan.jpg
planning
Integrated Marine Policy
action plan
marine strategy framework directiveen
viro
nm
ent
Framework for
marine policy
environmental status2020
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:232:0014:0024:EN:PDF
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:232:0014:0024:EN:PDF
“criteria and methodological
standards on good environmental status of
marine waters”
1st September 2010
http
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reminder
Cumulative impact
SEA directive
EIA directive
habitats directive
www.doodlepress.co.uk/images/125599184714j320.jpg
www.marina-platform.info
www.offshoregrid.eu
www.orecca.eu
www.windspeed.eu
windspeed.eu
Spatial planning of offshore wind farms: A windfall to marine environmental protection? Punt et al, 2009
marginal impact
so far, so good
use best
cumulative impacts
practice