1966-1975 [wmeat 1966-1975 185668]
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WORLD MILIT RY
EXPENDITURES ND
ARMS
TRANSFERS
1966 1975
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This publication
is
based on information available as of December 15 ,
1976.
The data
presented in
this
report
are
the best
estimates present
sources permit. t should be noted,
however, that national data
are
not of equal reliability. Some
are
subject to a considerable
margin of error, especially for
countries having
a
restrictive data
disclosure policy or a
developing national statistical sys tern. The value data were converted to dollars using ex
change rates unadjusted
for purchasing power
paritie
s,
and
thus
prec
ise comparisons be
tween countries are not valid.
Comments and queries regarding this publication are welcomed. They may be
directed to Colonel Norman M. Smith, Arms Trans fer Division 202) 632-0613.
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WORLD
MILITARY
EXPENDITURES
AND
ARMS TRANSFERS
1966 1975
U S
ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY
WASHINGTON D C 20451
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ONTENTS
g
FoREWoRD... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
INTRODUCTION 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
STATISTICAL NOTES. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
Sources and Definitions .
Military
Expenditures
.
Gross
National
Product ..
. ..
.. .
Population
.
Armed Forces .
. .
.
Arms
Transfers
.
Coverage
and
Grouping
of
Countries . .. . .
COMP
UTATIONAL
PROCED
URES
6
6
7
8
8
8
9
Non-Communist Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Communist Countries.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
STATISTICAL
TABLES
I
Military
Expenditures GNP
Population and
Armed Forces
by Group
and
Region by Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
II. Military Expenditures GNP Population and Armed Forces
by
Country
by Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
III. Arms Transfers by Group and Region by Year . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
IV. Arms
Transfers
by Country by Year .
58
V Total Arms Transfers of Major Suppliers from 1966-1975 by
Recipient Country. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
77
VI. Exports of Major Weapons to Developing Regions by Major
Suppliers Cumulative 1971-1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
VII. Imports of Major Weapons by Recipient Regions by Major
Suppliers Cumulative 1971-1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
iii
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FOREWOR
International trade in conventional
arms
is flourishing.
Its
rapid
growtb
during
the
past
several years has refocused
attention on
the
need to encourage restraint in
arms
transfers.
A primary concern is the degree to which weapons
transfers
may increase regional tensions
and
the
likelihood of
open war. Further the arms
trade
conflicts with economic
development in several areas
of
the world.
Curbing the flow of conventional arms is a
U S
policy ob
jective
particularly
in
areas
of tension. But effective control
will require international cooperation in the face of the strong
political
and
economic motives which cause
arms
producers to
furnish military equipment
and
customer
nations
to acquire
it.
This report
presents
knowledge about
the
extent and
trends of worldwide military expenditures and arms transfers
which is a necessary
first
step to cooperation for restraining
the flow of arms. It is intended to contribute to the under
standing of
the
general public scholars
and
government
leaders concerned with possible arms control measures.
This report
the
ninth and most extensive of the annual
series provides
statistical
information on
national military
spending armed forces and international transfers of conven
tional arms . This year it has been expanded to include data on
transfers of major weapons systems by type in addition to
the
customary dollar values -for all categories of arms transfers.
We
recognize our limitations in achieving reliability and
comparability of
the
new weapons
data with the
data in dollar
values;
but
we believe
this
information will prove valuable
despite the qualifications which must be made.
Many countries do
not
disclose
information
on
their
mili
tary programs so it is necessary to use various means of
estimating
data. In addition it is difficult to compare military
spending forces and activities among countries. Neverthe
less we continue to
strive
to improve these comparisons.
This publication will help focus attention on
the
nature
and magnitude of
the
problems of global military expenditures
and worldwide arms transfers and on
the
possibilities for
bringing
about more effective controls.
c
FRED C IKLE
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WORLD MILIT RY EXPENDITURES
ND RMS TR NSFERS
1966 1975
INTRODUCTION
This
report
is intended
to
provide a com-
prehensive overview of the world's total military
expenditures, armed forces, and arms transfers
$Billions (Constant 74)
350
I
WORL
300
EVELOPE
,_fill
......
l .......
50
200
150
100
EVELOPING
......
.....
t i l l
50
0
1966 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
Fig World Military Expenditures
detailed by country and region, and related to
gross national product
and
population. Although
the best of the available international and
domestic sources
of
data were used, the reader
should be aware
that
the national data used
are
not equally reliable or commonly defined;
moreover, they are
subject
to
varying
interpreta-
tions and conclusions.
t
is, therefore , clearly un-
warranted
to draw precise conclusions from such
data.
On
the
other
hand, they
are
useful for ob-
serving general
trends and
suggesting mag-
nitudes of relationships. The publication should
be used on
that
basis.
The world gross national product (GNP) in
1975
equalled approximately
6.2
trillion
U.S.
dol-
lars. Of this amount, roughly
5.5
percent was
devoted
to military
expenditures. Using
equivalent constant 1974 dollars to facilitate
comparison, 1975 world military expenditures of
about
345
billion compare to about
340
billion
in 1974 and
285
billion in 1966.
Estimates of military expenditures for each
year during the decade, in both
current
and con-
stant 1974
dollars, together with associated gross
national products, populations, armed forces, and
various ratios thereof, are shown for the major
geographical and political groupings of countries
in Table I, and are further detailed by individual
country in Table II.
In general military expenditures as
measured in
constant
1974 prices, have continued
to increase worldwide during the decade
1966-75
(Fig.
1).
The rate of growth appears to have been
decelerating since 1969 in the developed
1
coun-
tries
and to have been accelerating in
the
developing countries .
I The development classification of countries follows
the assignment provided in 1974
by
the Organization for
Economic Cooperation and Development. Seep.
9.
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Billions (Constant
74)
160
150
140
130
120
110
/
-
'
N TO
l '''lllo.
...........
,,,
u
00 ~ ~ - 1 - - - + - - - + - ~ k - ~ ~ ~ - - - + - - - + ~
'
0
. , ....
,,
...... ,,
,,
80
1966 67 68
69 70
71 72 73 74 75
i N TO US Military Expenditures
Military expenditures of NATO countries,
as measured in constant
1974
prices, have drop-
ped markedly since the peak year of 1968 (Fig. 2 ,
primarily
because of the major decrease in U.S.
military spending,
and
despite the increasing
contributions
of
the
other
NATO members (ap-
parent from the increasing width of the band).
Conversely, Warsaw
Pact
expenditures have con-
tinued
their steady climb (Fig. 3 , reflecting the
regular increases in both Soviet military spend-
ing and that of the other Warsaw Pact countries.
Members of the Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries (OPEC) have been spending
at an increasing rate (Fig.4), reflecting the
general pattern in the Near
East
(Fig.5);
the
large
military expenditures of East Asia (Fig. 6 closely
parallel the expenditures
of
the People's
Republic
of
China.
Billions (Constant 74)
50
40
30
20
10
_..... ..
0
1966 67 68
69 70
71 72 73 74 75
Fig.
5
Near
ast Military xpenditures
2
Billions (Constant 74)
140
1 1 - - - 1 - - - 1 - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - ~
W R
120
100
I _ _ _ ~ nn
..........- ,,,,,, .
......
,,,,,,
,,,,,,
80
1966 67 68 69 70
71
72 73 74
Fig. 3 Warsaw Pact and USSR
Military
Expenditures
Billions (Constant 74)
50
40
30
20
10
0
75
1966 67 68 69
70
71 72 73 74 75
Fig. 4 OPEC Military Expenditures
Billions
(Constant
74)
50
40
20
10
0
t . = ~ = = = ~ = = = = = = = : : : : : : : = : = : : : : : : = : : : : = : : : : = = . l
1966
67 68
69 70 71
72
73 74 75
i 6 East Asia Military Expenditures
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$Billions
C o n s t ~ n t 74)
6
5
.....
.....-
/
3
2
-
-
0
1966
67
68 69
70
71 72
73 74 75
ig 7 Africa Military Expenditures
$Billions (Constant
74)
6
5
~
l
4
........
3
II""'
2
1
0
1966
67
68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75
ig 8 Latin America Military Expenditures
$Billions (Constant
74)
6
5
4
..
2
1
0
1966 67 68 69 70
71 72 73
74
75
Fig
.
9 South Asia
Military
Expenditures
$Billions (Constant 74)
12
.....
.
10
~
~
ORL
'r.l
111111
''" .'''"
.
EXPORTS
-
EVELOPE
8
6
4
IMPORTS
-
EVELOPE
~
~ - ~ - - -
........
.....
0
1966 67
68 69 70
71 72 73 74
75
ig 10 World Arms Transfers
Expenditures in
the
remaining areas of the
world continue to be relatively small although all
show an upward
trend
(Figs. 7-9).
The
total
value of
arms
2
transferred
world
wide in
1975
is estimated in
1974
U.S. dollars at
about
9
billion, compared with
9.3
billion in
1974 and
7.1
billion in 1966. Total world exports
of commodities in 1975 are estimated at about
869 billion in current prices. Estimates of both
imports and exports of arms for each year during
the decade in current and constant 1974 dollars
are shown in Table III for the same geographical
and political groupings as Table I, and are broken
down by individual coun try in Table IV. Table
V,
on the other hand, shows estimates of
the
dollar
value of arms imported by individual countries
from each of
the
major suppliers over
the entire
10-year period.
In general, worldwide deliveries of arms
have decreased since the peak years of
1972-73
(Fig. 10), with almost all exports coming from the
developed countries. These industrialized nations
absorbed a substantial, relatively
constant
pro
portion
of each other's
military
products,
although
the
preponderance
of international
2
The term arms includes weapons and ammunition,
support equipment, and spare parts; but it excludes training,
services, consumables, and construction . For example, for the
United States during the period
FY 1960-FY
1975, about
41
p ~ r c e n t of total military exports were weapons and ammuni
tion, 18 percent supporting equipment, 17 percent spare parts,
and
24
percent training, services, and construction .
See
the
section of Statistical Notes for additional detail.
3
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Billions
(Constant 74)
Billions (Constant 74)
7
7
X ~ R J S
,
5
5
/
-
4
3
'
3
EXPORTS1 11
MPORTS
II '
I
2
1
...,
,,
~
,,
1
0
0
1966 67
68 69 70
71 72 73
74 75
1966
67
68
69 70
71
72
73
74 75
i
2
Warsaw Pact A
rms Transfers
Fig 11 NATO Arms
Transfers
arms
transfers represented
imports by
the
developing countries (as indicated by the area
Billions (Cons tant 74)
between the top
and
bottom curves of Fig.
10 .
7
Over
the
decade,
arms
transfers
from
the
NATO countries grew both in gross value (Fig.
11
and
in net value (as indicated by the exports
and
5
imports curves). The 10-year trend exhibited by
the Warsaw Pact countries was relatively con-
stant
(Fig. 12 .
3
Arms imports have been increased by coun-
tries in OPEC (Fig. 13 . Near East arms imports
1
peaked immediately following the 1973 Arab-
...
Israeli
War
(Fig.
14 .
The arms imports by East
0
Asian nations have dropped in
the
last 3 years
1966
67
68
69 70 71
72 73 74 75
(Fig. 15 because of the winding down and subse-
i
3
OPECAnns
quent
cessation of the
war
in Southeast Asia.
Imports
Billions (Cons tant 74)
Billions (Constant 74)
7
7
5
5
~
3
\
-
3
1/
,
-
.....
1
_
_
1
0
0
1966 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75
1966 67
68 69
70
71
72 73 74 75
i
4
Near East
Arms
Imports
i 15 East Asia
Arm
s Imports
4
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In the remaining regions of the world, arms
imports have continued to be relatively small
(Figs. 16-18 , but the sharp rise in Africa is
noteworthy.
The relative burden of a country's military
spending is commonly measured by the propor
tion of total gross
national
product it represents.
This measure is shown for each country in
Chart
Millions (Constant
74)
1,000
800
I
_.,
.......
f
'
/
600
400
200
0
1966
67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
i
16 Africa Arms Imports
Millions (Constant
74
1,000
800
600
_....
~
.
........
_
,
00
200
0
1966 67
68
69 70
71
72 73 74 75
Fig
7 Latin America
Anns
Imports
MIUions
(Constant
74
1,000
800
\
-
~
/
..........
600
400
200
0
1966 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
Fig.
8
South Asia Anns Imports
I, arrayed by per capita GNP, a factor which the
reader may wish to take into account in-consider
ing the significance
of the
ratio .
As a measure of economic burden within a
country,
the
ratio ofmilitaryexpenditures to GNP
should, ideally, be derived from current price data
given in
terms of
that
country's national
currency. In non-Communist countries , military
expenditures and GNP are both converted from
national currency to U.S. dollars
at
the same ex
change rate , so
that
the ratio between the two is
the
same whether calculated in U.S. dollars or
the
national currency. This does not hold for Com
munist
country data,
however, because
of
problems encountered in relating expenditures
within their completely controlled economies to
our considerably different system. In essence,
the
estimates of Soviet GNP are expressed in dollar
equivalents derived by combining comparisons of
Soviet and U.S. GNP made in both rubles and dol
lars, whereas
the
estimates
of
Soviet military ex
penditures
portray
direct dollar costs
of
approx
imating
the
Soviet military program in
the
United States
. This use
of differing dollar
equivalents for the two aggregates is customary
in Western
literature,
but
the resulting estimates
of Soviet military expe
nditur
es and
GNP
are not
comparable with each other.
Ideally, the
military
burden
ratio is
measured in terms of national currencies, but for
Communist countries the quantitative dimen
sions of military expenditures in such
terms
have
only been approximately estimated. Although
presently
imprecise,
certain
general
trends and
comparisons may be made. The
total
Soviet mili-
.
tary
burden in rubles has probably grown in
the
course of the
last
decade and is estimated to fall
in the range of 11 to 13 percent. The trend of mili
tary
expenditure as a share of GNP in the United
States
has been downward since
1967.
In China,
the burden has varied over the course of the
decade from a level roughly comparable to
that
of
the United States and Soviet Union in the early
years, rising to a peak in 1971 higher than either
of the others, and returning in recent years to
around
the
initial level. In the other Warsaw
Pact
countries,
the
average burden
ratio
was pro
bably higher
than
in most NATO countries, in the
vicinity of 5 to 7 percent, but it has varied con
siderably both among countries and over time.
These assessments are reflected in the groupings
of Chart I.
5
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Chart I.
RELATIVE BURDEN OF MILITARY EXPENDITURES, 1975
Military
Per Capita GNP
Expenditures
as of
GNP
less than 1 00 100-199 200-299
300-499
More Cambodia Vietnam, China, People's Jordan
than Vietnam, South Rep . of Korea,
10%
North Egypt North
5-1
0 /o
Chad Pakistan
Yemen (Aden)
Albania
Laos Yemen Korea,
Somalia
(Sana)
South
2-( '
Burund i Burma Equatorial Bolivia
Ethiopia Central Guinea Congo
Mali African
Rep.
Mauritania Morocco
Rwanda Guinea Sudan Niger ia
Upper India Uganda Philippines
Volta Indonesia Rhodesia
Tanzania Thailand
Zaire
1-1.9%
Afghan- Benin Cameroon Colombia
istan Haiti Honduras
El
Salvador
Kenya Ghana
Madagascar Senegal
Togo
less
Bangladesh Sri Lanka Botswana
than Gambia liberia
1%
Lesotho Mozambique
Malawi Swaziland
Nepal
Niger
Sierra Leone
500-999 1,000-1,999 2,000-2,999
More than 3,000
Syria
Iran
Israel
Soviet Union
Iraq
Oman
China,
Bulgar ia Greece Czechoslovakia
Rep . of
Portugal Hungary Germany (GDR)
Cuba
Romania Poland
Qatar
Malaysia Singapore Saudi Arabia
Mongolia United States
Algeria
Argentina Bahrain Australia
Angola Cyprus
Italy Belgium
Brazil
leba non Spain Canada
Chile
South Africa Venezuela Denmark
Guyana
Yugoslavia France
Nicaragua Germany (FRG)
Peru
Kuwait
Turkey Netherlands
Uruguay
Norway
Zambia Sweden
United Ktngdom
Dominican
Gabon
Austria
Republic
Ireland
Finland
Ecuador
libya
Guatemala
Luxembourg
Ivory Coast
New Zealand
Paraguay
Switzerland
Tunisia
Costa Rica Barbados
Trinidad Iceland
Fiji Jamaica
and
Japan
Mauritius Malta
Tobago
United Arab
Mexico
Surinam Emirates
Panama
ST TISTIC L NOTES
SOURCES
ND
DEFINITIONS
ilitary xpenditures
NATO country military expenditures were
obtained from
NATO
publications and are based
on NATO definitions. In summary: a) civilian
type expenditures of
the
defense ministry are ex
cluded but military-type expenditures of other
ministries are included;
(b) grant
military assis
tance is included in the expenditures of
the
donor
country; and (c) purchases of military equipment
for credit are included at the time
the
debt is in
curred, not at
the
time repayment is made.
For
other non-Communist countries,
data
are mostly
As an addition to our standard method of
dollar value presentation of arms data, 5-year ag
gregated tables of exports
and
imports of major
land armaments,
naval
craft, aircraft and
missiles to developing regions by major suppliers
have been included. This
unit
count is drawn
from
the
same wide variety of sources used in
the
dollar value accumulation,
but
is
not
nearly as
complete in its scope. Tables for
transfers
to
NATO
and
Warsaw
Pact
countries have not been
prepared. U.S. Military
Assistance-Service
Funded items to the Asian
area
have not been in
cluded due to
the
difficulty in obtaining compara
bly categorized data, but this omission parallels
the
paucity of data available for Communist
transfers
to North Vietnam during
the
same
period. Therefore, direct comparisons should
not
be drawn between the dollar values in Tables III
51 nd
IV
and
the unit data
in Tables
VI
and VII.
the
expenditures of the Ministry of Defense.
Details of the definitions, sources, and
statistical procedures used in compiling these
estimates are given in
the
following sections, and
in the footnotes to the tables themselves.
6
The difficulties of estimating military ex
penditures for Communist and other countries
with a restrictive information disclosure policy
are
well known
and
have been widely discussed in
various publications.
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For the
Soviet Union,
estimates
are made in
dependently of the announced Soviet defense
budget data by applying dollar prices to detailed
estimates of Soviet forces, weapons programs
and activities. (See Hearings before the Subcom
mittee on Priorities and Economy in Government
of the Joint
Economic Committee (JEC), Con
gress of the United States:
Part
I, Allocations
of
Resources in the Soviet Union and China-1975,
June
18
and
July
21,
1975,
pp.
21-36;
Part
II,
Allocations of Resources in
the
Soviet Union
and
China-1976,
pp. 17-25, 76-85; and CIA,
Dollar Compamon of Soviet and U.S. Def ense Ac
tivities 1965-1975 February 1976. The resulting
estimates are intended to show what
it
would
cost in the United States, in constant dollar
prices, to develop, procure, man, and
operate
a
military force simi lar to
that
of the Soviet Union.
Such est imates could have a
substantial range of
error.
The dollar estimates of GNP
and
military
expenditures of Warsaw Pact countries other
than the U.S.S.
R.
are based on updates of figures
from Thad P. Alton,
et
al., in
their
articles in
the
.Joint Et:onomic
o m m i t t e ~ of
Congress compen
dium, Reorientation and Commercial R elations of
the Economies of
East
e
rn
Europe
July
197
4. The
military expenditures shown here refer only to
officially announced state
budget expenditures
on national defense. These figures
understate
total military expenditures in view of defense
outlays by nondefense agencies of the central
government, local governments, and economic
enterprises.
The dollar estimates
of
military expen
ditures were derived by calculating pay and
allowances at the current full
U.S.
average rate
for officers and
at 75 percent
of
the
average
U.S.
rate for lower ranks. The
part
of
the
official East
European budgets for defense
that
remains
after
subtraction of armed forces pay and allowances
in national currencies was converted into dollars
at overall
rates
based on compaz:isons of
the
various countries' GNP's expressed in dollars
and
In
national
currencies. These rates
are not
as
specific as one might desire, and when
taken
into
account with
the
incomplete coverage of
the
published explicit defense budgets, they result in
dollar
estimates that must
be considered subject
to
limitations. As in the case of the Soviet Union,
these estimates
are
intended to show what the
military programs would cost at U.S. prices.
However, a basic inconsistency exists between
NATO and Warsaw Pact data in that the nonper
sonnel component of military assistance is not
covered in the Warsaw Pact estimates.
For the People's Republic of China, very
rough estimates are derived from fragmentary
information .
No
budgetary data have been issued
by China since 1960. The estimated level of the
China series in dollars
has
been revised upward
in
this
edition to make
it
more comparable to
other
main sources.
ross National Product GNP)
The reported GNP
represents
in general the
total
output
of
goods and services produced by
residents of a country and valued at market
prices ultimately paid by the consumer.
The source of GNP data for non-Communist
countries is updated from the International Bank
for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD).
GNP
estimates
for
the
Soviet Union
are
from the Central Intelligence Agency's R
esearch
Aid
: Handbook
of
Economic
Statistics-1976,
August
1976,
p.
31.
The incomplete series in 1975
dollars as shown
there
in the handbook was com
pleted and converted to 1974 dollars by informa
i.ion
obtained from
the
source.
For a description of the underlying ruble
estimates, see Rush
V.
Greenslade,
The
Real
Gross National Product
of
the USSR, 1950-1975,
in a Compendium of
Papers
Submitted to the
Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the
United States,
Soviet Economy
In
a New Perspec
tiv
October 14,
1976,
pp.
269-300.
As noted previously,
because
of basic
differences in method of calculation, these GNP
estimates are not comparable to the military ex
penditures estimates.
The GNP data for other Warsaw Pact coun
tries
were
taken
from the
Central
Intelligence
Agency's
Handbook of Economic Statistics 1976.
These data reflect the same type
of
hybrid dollar
equivalent valuations as used for Soviet GNP.
For these countries also, dollar estimates of mili
tary
expenditures
are
not
directly comparable to
the estimates of GNP in hybrid dollars.
GNP estimates for
the
People's Republic of
China are from the Central Intelligence Agency's
Handbook of Economic Statistics cited above.
7
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JEC compendium: China: A Reassessment of the
Economy, July 10, 1975.
Estimates
for Albania,
Cuba, Mongolia, North Korea, and North Viet
nam are rough approximations.
Population
Population
estimates
given
are
for midyear
and are supplied by the International Statistical
Program Center, Bureau
of the
Census, U.S.
Department
of Commerce.
Data
on the People's
Republic
of
China are midyear
estimates
pre
pared by the Foreign Demographic Analysis Divi
sion, Bureau
of
Economic Analysis, U.S. Depart-.
ment of Commerce.
rmed Forces
Armed forces refer to active-duty military
personnel, including paramilitary force '\ where
those forces resemble
regular
units in
their
organization, equipment,
training
or mission.
Reserve forces are not included unless
specifically noted.
Figures for the
United States
represent
midyear
totals and
are from Active Duty Mili
tary
Personnel by Selected Periods, U.S. Depart
ment
of Defense, Office
of the Assistant
Secre
tary of Defense (Comptroller),
July
23, 1975. Esti
mates of
the
number
of
men
under arms
for
other
countries were provided by U.S. Government
sources.
rms Transfers
Arms
transfers
represent the international
transfer
under grant credit,
or
cash sales
terms
of military equipment usually referred to as
conventional, including weapons of war,
parts
thereof, ammunition,
support
equipment, and
other commodities considered primarily military
in
nature.
Among
the
items included are tactical
guided missiles
and
rockets,
military aircraft
naval vessels, armored and nonarmored
military
vehicles,
military
communications
and
electronic
equipment, artillery,
infantry
weapons, small
arms ammunition and
other
ordnance
parachutes,
and
uniforms. Also included
are
transfers
of equipment for defense industries.
Excluded by definition are nuclear, chemical,
and
biological weapons and strategic
missile
systems. Also excluded are foodstuffs, medical
8
equipment, and other items potentially useful to
the
military
but
with
alternative
civilian uses.
Training and technical services are not included.
The statistics published here are estimates of the
value of goods actually delivered during the
reference year, in contrast to the value of
programs, agreements, contracts, or orders which
may
result
in a
future transfer
of goods.
Further
more, the data represent arms
transfers
to
governments and
do
not
include
the
value of
arms
obtained by subnational groups.
For
U.S. figures, ACDA used official
trade
statistics on arms
transfers
compiled by the U.S.
Bureau of
the
Census
and
information provided
by the U.S. Department of Defense.
3
For
data
on
foreign countries
ACDA
used official
U.S.
Government sources. The difficulties in collect
ing information
on
the
full scope of Soviet deliv
eries and in placing a value on them make it
possible that
the
Soviet figure is understated.
Close comparisons are not warranted be
tween
the
values shown for arms
transfers
and
the estimates of GNP and military expenditures.
The
disparities among national
economic
systems
generate
differences in
the extent
to
which weapons prices
represent true
production
costs in
different
nations. In
particular the
rela
tive economic value of arms to supplier and reci
pient
may be considerably different. Further
more, much of the international arms
trade
in
volves
barter
arrangements , multiyear loans, dis
counted prices,
third-party payments, and partial
debt forgiveness. Thus, acquisition by a nation of
some given quantity
of
armaments does not
necessarily impose
the
burden on
its
economy
3
The data for the Military Assistance Program,
Foreign Military Sales,
and
commercial sales components
of
U.S. arms exports prior to 1974,
wh
ich were compiled
under contract for ACDA by the
U.S.
Department
of Com
merce, may vary from the data compiled by the Depart
ments of State and Defense under those categories for the
following reasons:
(1)
All
arms transfer data in this publication are
by calendar
year
, whereas the Departments
of
State
and
Defense
data
are compiled by fiscal year;
(2) The ACDA
data
reflect exports
of
military
equipment only, while
the
Department of Defense
data
include the value
of
training services, and
POL;
and
(3) The ACDA data include some categories of
dual civil-military use equipment, e.g., certain
categories
of
transportation
and
communications
equipment, that are not on the U.S. Munitions Con
trol List and
thus
are not included in
the
Depart
ments
of
State
and
Defense
data
.
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that
is implied by
the
estimated equivalent U.S.
dollar value of
the
shipment. Therefore,
the
economic value of arms imports should not be re
lated to detail to
the
local economies.
COVERAGE AND GROUPING
O
COUNTRIES
This report lists data for
142
countries.
Of the
present
U.N. membership of 149
the
following are not included: the Byelorussian
and
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republics (consti tuent
republics of
the
Soviet Union, both included with
in totals for the Soviet Union), and the Bahamas,
Bhutan, Cape Verde, Grenada, the Maldives,
Seychelles, and Tome and Principe (develop
ing nations for which
data
are not generally
available). Nine other independent states with a
combined total1975 population of approximately
2.3 million are also excluded.
Of those countries that are not members of
the United Nations, seven are included:
the
Republic of China,
the
two Koreas, Switzerland,
Southern Rhodesia, and the two Vietnams. (Both
Vietnams are listed due to
the
yearly coverage.)
Of the reported countries,
15
became inde
pendent after 1966. Data for them are normally
shown in the tables beginning with the
first
year
in which they were independent for more
than
6
months. However, imputations have been made
for earlier years, where appropriate, in calculat
ing regional totals.
The regional country groupings shown are
conventional except as follows: North America
consists only of
the United States and Canada;
Mexico is included with Central
and
South
America
as Latin
America.
Also, Egypt is
assigned to the Near East rather than to
Africa. Oceania includes only Australia , New
Zealand, and Fiji.
For
the
political groupings, NATO (North
Atlantic Treaty Organization) consists of
the
North American nations plus European
NATO:
Belgium,
Denmark, France, West
Germany,
Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Norway,
Portugal,
Turkey,
and the United
Kingdom. The Warsaw
Pact
consists of Bulgaria,
Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland,
Romania, and
the
Soviet Union. OPEC (Organiza
tion of Petroleum Exporting Countries) is made
up
of
Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and
the United Arab Emirates in the Near East; In
donesia in East Asia; Algeria, Gabon, Libya, and
Nigeria in Africa; and Ecuador and Venezuela in
Latin America.
The 28 countries classed as developed in
this publication are all those included in North
America; in Oceania (except Fiji); in European
NATO except Greece and Turkey; and in
the
War
saw
Pact
except Bulgaria; plus Austria, Finland,
Ireland,
Japan, South Africa, Sweden,
and
Switzerland. All other nations are classed as
developing. For non-Communist countries,
assignment to one or the other category follows
the
practice previously employed by
the
Develop
ment Assistance
Committee
(DAC) of
the
Organization
for Economic
Cooperation
and
Development (OECD). This assignment is based
partly
on GNP per capita,
but
also reflects fac
tors such as national literacy, mortality rates,
levels of industrialization, and terms of trade.
Most of the
data
shown
represent
expen
ditures during calendar years. For some coun
tries, however, the figures
are
for
the
fiscal
year
containing
the
most months in that calendar
year; e.g., a fiscal year of April1975 to March 1976
would be included as
1975.
July-June fiscal years
were shown in
either
the column for the first
half
or the second half of the fiscal year, depending on
the availability of data. GNP figures of those
countries for which calendar year
data
are
not
available were included in
the
same manner.
A listing of
the
countries comprising each
region
or
group can be found in Table
V
and
developed countries are denoted there with an
asterisk.
COMPUTATIONAL PROCEDURES
NON COMMUNIST COUNTRIES
rices
Widespread infla tion and sharp price swings
in primary commodities over
the
past decade in
troduce significant distortions into
the
data
when expressed in current prices. The arma
ments procurable for a million
U.S.
dollars
at the
prices prevailing in 1966 cost considerably more
9
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dollars
at
prices prevailing in
1975.
Thus,
the
reporting of annual purchases only in prices pre
vailing in each year, or current prices, would pre
sent
an impression of growth in military expen
ditures
and
arms transfers which would seriously
misrepresent the trend in total outlay for defense
goods
and
services
and
the physical acquisition of
armaments. Yet no simple adjustment for prices
is entirely valid. Inflation rates vary among na
tions; in
particular,
they often
differ between
supplier and recipient for a given series of arms
transfers. Furthermore, the inflation rate for a
nation's economy as a whole is not necessarily
representative
of those economic sectors
par
ticularly involved in the production of arma
ments. Unfortunately , no general basis exists for
separating
out
the special impact
of
inflation on
the armament-related
sectors of
different
na
tions' economies .
Nevertheless, inflation is clearly a very sig
nificant
factor in analyzing
the trend
of
military
expenditures, arms transfers, and GNP over
the
last decade
For
this reason, in addition to show
ing
trends
in current prices, the trends of mili
tary
expenditures, arms
transfers,
and GNP are
also shown in constant prices, i.e., expenditures
in each
year
valued
at 1974
prices.
Estimates
of the values of arms
transfer
s for
all countries as shown in Tables III and IV were
made initially in
terms
of current U.S. dollars, so
the implicit deflator for U.
S.
GNP data was used
to derive arms transfers in
constant
1974
prices
as follows:
1966
=
65.94
1967
=
67
.
88
1968 = 70.93
1969 =
74.50
1970 = 78.48
1971
= 82.48
1972 = 85.90
1973 = 90.89
1974 = 100.00
1975
= 109.31
The source data for military expenditures
and GNP, however, were obtained in terms of
local currencies. Approximate compensation for
the effects of inflation was made by deflating
the
current local currency values to constant
1974
local currency values and then converting to
U.S. dollar equivalents.
For
non-Communist countries,
national
ac
counts
data
were available in local currency in
current prices and in constant prices of varying
base years. The constant price figures were
shifted
from
the country
base
year
to
the 1974
base
year
with
the
underlying trend maintained.
10
GNP price indices (deflators) were then
derived for each country and used to deflate mili
tary expenditures to constant prices
with
the
following e x ~ e p t i o n s
a) For OPEC countries, use of the GNP
deflator
created
distortions because of
the
atypi
cal oil price increases, so special deflators were
developed for the non-oil sectors of
the
economy
of each country.
b)
Israel has experienced a high
rate
of in
flation in recent years,
but
its large arms
purchases in
the
United States were subject to
less severe inflation. A special deflator was
derived by applying the index of prices of U.S.
Government purchases of durable goods to
Israel's foreign
arms
purchases
and the
Israel
GNP
deflator
to domestic arms purchases.
onversion t Dollars
Since constant price data for GNP
and
mili
tary
expenditures
are
given
with
1974
as
the
base
year, a
1974
exchange rate was used to convert
the
constant price national currency data to dol
lars
in all years. In general
the
rates used
are the
1974
average par/market exchange rate as sup
plied by IBRD.
An example may help in understanding this
process:
1966 Austrian MILEX = 3474 million 1966
schillings (AS)
1966
Austrian GNP deflator ( price index )
=
65
.3
1974
Austrian
deflator
=
100.0
1966 Austrian MILEX = 3474
X
100.0 ... ...
65.3
= 5320 million
1974
AS
1974 Austrian /
U.S
. exchange rate =
18.69
AS
per US 1
1966
Austrian MILEX =
5320
18.69
285
million
1974 U.S.
dollars
For some purposes it may be desirable to
have estimates of the military exp_enditures
and
GNP for each country in terms of current U.S.
dollars. That is, in
terms
of the example, one
might wish to know Austrian
1966
military ex
penditures
in
terms
of
1966
U.S. dollars.
At first
glance it would seem to be necessary only to ap
ply
the
appropriate 1966 exchange rate to
obtain
the
desired value. That was in fact
the
method
used in early editions of
this
publication. Unfor
tunately, this
approach produces distortions in
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countries where there is a
lag
between
the time
the currency becomes
over-
or under-valued
and
the time the
exchange rate is changed.
A
different
method for estimating current
dollar equivalents of foreign military expen
ditures and GNP is used here. The constant
1974
dollar values derived as described above have
been re-inflated, using
the
U.S. GNP deflators
in reverse fashion,
to generate
equivalent current
U.S. dollar values for each year. Thus, the suc
cessive yearly current dollar values include not
only
the
change in real
terms,
but
the
effects of
general inflation in
the
United States.
Again using the example of 1966
Austrian
military
expenditures to illustrate
the
computa
tional process:
1966
Austrian MILEX =
285
million
1974
U.S. dollars
1966 U.S. deflator 1974 =
100)
= 65.94
1966
Austrian MILEX
= 285
X 65.94
100.0 =
188
million
1966
U.S. dollars
OMMUNIST OUNTRIES
For
the
Soviet Union and
other
Warsaw
Pact countries, available estimates were already
in terms
that
took account of domestic price
changes and had been converted to constant 1974
dollars by the sources using estimated purchas
ing power
parities,
rather
than
official exchange
rates . Such series were further converted to cur
rent dollar prices prevailing in
the
United
States
for each year by use of
the U.S.
implicit GNP
deflator series.
The previously described problems inherent
in comparing arms
transfer
data with GNP and
military
expenditure
estimates
for
any
countries
are particularly
significant for transfers be
tween
Communist
and non-Communist
economies, because of the
computational
differences employed in the two cases.
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ST TISTIC L T BLES
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TABLE I. MILIT RY EXPENDITURES, GNP, POPULATION, AND ARMED FORCES
BY GROUP REGION BY YEAR
MILITARY GROSS NATIONAL
MILEX
PEOPLE
XPENDITURES
PRODUCT
(MILEX) (GNP) GNP
Billion
doll rs
8
Billion
dollars b
YEAR
Current
J onstant
Current
I
Constant
Million
>'i(JHL
U
TOlALS
1966
183 . 99
27d , 98
2612 .0 . : , < : ~ c : . o
7 . 04
34 7 2 . 390
1 9t>7
2 0 4 .06
3uO.S6
2dQ0.7 4124 . 5
7 .::9
3 ~ 4 1 9 4 8
1968 220 . 42
3 1 0 . 9':1 3 0:5.,. .4
+
j1 u .
:l
I C: 1
J 6 1 d ~ 9 S
1969
233 . 77
J l 3 .
59
3379 .':1
4 :>.jb.3
o'='1
J6ClS.184
1970
244 . 66
J
11. ">tl 3741 . 4
47bt>.'+
Oo :>4
3761 . 129
1971
257
.71
J12 .42 ' +104. i
21b.::S
o .u8
383':1.623
19 7 3
293 . 65
3 c J . l 3 so:, >.b
:>S6 .7 5:.
1 9
74
334 .41
334 ,41
':5b76.7
:>b7b , 7
~ . ) ~
3992. .474
19 7 5
371 . 26
::SJ-:i.7b
6211. l:l
Sbt.Jl .b
:>.':78
4069.067
uEVt.LCiPE.u
1966
1: .6 .59
23
7 . 3B 2139 . 9
J29.71
4047 .1
444': .7
:>od4 "
10 2
2 o646
1974
264 . 10
264.10
'+4':74.1
'+494.1 J d d
1031 . 069
19 7
5
289 .61
265,04
4ci74.'=>
4'+ :>(.0.'+ 8
6 2 b j
b'+U .& o vo
270U.118
1970
4 3 .60
: . s . s1
715 . 6
' :111.7
o .u9
2766 . b95
1971
48.71
59.01 80 0 . 8
971, . j
b . u s
28.:J4.332
1972
51 . 40
39. 34
aao .6
1025.':1
Sob3
2b26 .941
1973
57 . 68
b3.42
1012 . 7
1114 . 3
5.t>9
28 ': 4 .366
1974
70.31
70.31 1182 . 6 1182 . 6
5 . 9 5
2962 .691
1975
81 . 67
74 . 72
133
-
1.3
1224 . 4
bo
O
3031 . 027
OTHEKEUR
1966
3 .69
5 .60 126.1
19l .C:
.: .93
82 . 828
1967
3 . 9 5
s . 8 o
133 .9
1 9 7 . ~
2.':74
83 . 617
1968
4 .37
6 . 6
147.1
20-( .4
co97
8 4 . 3 8 6
1969
4 . 60
6 .18
165 , 2 221 . 5
2 . 7 9
85 . 51
1970
5 .04
6 ,42
184 . 7 235 . 4
2 . 7 3
85.901
1971
5 . 3 8
6 . 53
202 1
244.':1
2 . 6 6
d6 . 694
1972
5 .92
6, '10
222.1
258 . 6
2 67
87 . 476
1973
6 .35
6.9 248 . 6
273 .4
2 .55
88 . 236
1974
7.31
7 .31 285
. 2
285 , 2 2 .56
88.Yb8
1975
8 .30
7 . 60
3Q9.5
283 . 1
2 .b9
89 . 707
14
MILEX
GNP
per
per
CAPITA CAPITA
onstant
onstant
dollars dollars
80 . 34 1141
d4 .8b
1164
86 .
08
1193
85 , 10
1231
82.B7 1268
81 . 40
12
9:>
82 . 60
13::>9
B2.S2 1421
83 . 76
1422
83 . 50 1396
247 . 44
3384
265 . 42
3'+95
270 . 54
3616
266 . 79
3747
257 . 36
3tH4
252.17
3979
253 , 80
4133
253 . 96 4351
256 . 14
43
.59
255 . 00
42b8
16 .55
21: 5
16 .92
287
17 .68
295
1 8
. 69
311
20 . 06
3..lO
20 . 82 343
21 . 17
363
21 , 91
385
23 . 73
399
24 .65
404
67 .65
2308
69 . 42
23oo
73.01 2458
72 . 60
2602
74 . 74 2741
75 .28 2825
78 .92
2956
79 ,13 3098
82 .14
3205
84 .75
3156
ARM O
FORCES
thous
22
"
737
23611
24325
24837
2492
8
2545
2570
2608
2729
2649
1111
1152
1186
1183
1156
1133
1103
1100
10':18
1098
1163
1209
1246
1301
1336
1412
1467
1508
1631
1552
93
92
88
87
88
88
88
88
90
90
2
2
0
5
8
0
2
9
0
5
2
3
3
7
3
3
5
3
8
5
4
2
3
0
6
4
4
9
0
6
6
7
5
1
MILEX ARMED
ARMED FORCES
FORCES
per
Conlitant 1000
dollars
people
12270
b.'S:.
12730
6 .b7
12785
b .73
12626
bo74
12503
6 .63
12275
6 .63
12340
6 .69
12390
6 .66
12252
6 .84
12822
6 . 51
21367
11 .58
22305
11.9\.i
22275 12 . 15
22241
12 . 00
22151
11 . 62
22362
11 . 28
23323
10 . 88
23603
10 .76
24037
10 .66
24132
10 . 57
3576
4 .63
3601
4 .70
3740
4 .73
3879
.4 . 82
4152
4 .83
4178
4 .98
4078
5 . 1 9
4205
5 . 21
4310
5 . 51
4814
5 .12
5987
11o30
6282
11 . 05
6970
10 . 48
7033
10 . 32
7295
10 .24
7366
10 . 22
7792
10o13
7872
10 . 05
8076
10 .17
8438
10 . 04
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TABLE I.
MILITARY
EXPENDITURES, GNP, POPULATION, AND ARMED FORCES
BY GROUP REGION BY YEAR-Continued
YEAR
r.AT O::.Ut< U
1':1
6 b
1-Jb7
1
1':169
1':17 0
NE A l
4 6 .
03
:; 0 . 8 8
1 . 86
2 .43
2 . 8 8
3 .64
\ " 5 4
5 .40
6 . 4 5
9 . 9 0
16.
t
:
1. 15
1
1 . 09
1.30
). 5 3
2 . 0 "
2 .16
2 .31
2 .69
2 ,98
3 .95
. . . 67
Constant
Jb .34
4U ,
0 3
. . ; ~
38. 6
'1
41. (J 1
-
7/26/2019 1966-1975 [WMEAT 1966-1975 185668]
20/89
TABLE I.
MILITARY EXPENDITURES, GNP, POPULATION,
AND
ARMED FORCE
s
MILITARY
EXPENDITURES
(MILEXI
illion
dollars
8
YEAR
Current
I Constant
NORrH
AMERICA
1966
65 . 47
99 . 24
19?7
77 .46
l i l t . 04
1':168
82 .7 5
116.H9
1 '::16'1
83 . 43
111 . 73
1'i70
80 .12
102 . 03
1971
77 . 24
-:13.bj
1972
80 . 03
93 . 23
1973
80 . 85
5':1.01
1':174
138 . 83 88 . 83
1975
94 . 16
t lb .19
LAriN
AMERIC A
1966
lo95
2 .95
1967
2 . 14
3 . 15
1968
2 . ? 9
3 .24
1':169
2 .50
3 . 3 6
1970
2 .95
3 . '76
1971
3 . 3 3
'+.03
1972
3 .48
-
7/26/2019 1966-1975 [WMEAT 1966-1975 185668]
21/89
TABLE
I. MILITARY
EXPENDITURES, GNP, POPULATION, AND ARMED FORCES
BY GROUP REGION BY YEAR-Continued
MILITARY
EXPENDITURES
MILEX)
Billion dollars
8
YEAR
Current Constant
0Ct.J.
1770 .0
1 '
H 3 . 6
2079 .6
2268 .2
2539 .7
27 37.5
2977 .2
6 3 . 8
6 9 . 9
7
l : l lb.2
b 6 " . 1
Y O o ~
929 .8
990 .0
1034.1
1062 .2
MILEX
GNP
. ,4
... q
..
-''='3
.Je'+2
.JeC:}
..>.()7
c: 75
c: =>u
C:e':15
b. + : i
/ e \ J J
o . d 3
b ~ 3
;::
d
""b
:>ol7
4 .17
+ebit
+ e 0 7
C:ol7
2 .88
:.;.oo
3 .51
3 . 2 5
3 . 4 9
- ' 11
3 . 8 8
b .6o
b . '
16
c
PEOPLE
Million
1 . 0 3
148 .66
146 .74
1->5.23
127.31
146 .07
512. :>29
268 .44
517 .334
297.1$2
:>21.908 .
298 .46
52o .775
531 . tH 7
536.991
541 .590
:0>46.055
5 ~ 0 } 0 1
::>:5'+. 66
2.3- 027
2JY.079
2 '+5.324
251 .738
258 .282
264 .967
271 .937
279 .162
286 .666
2':11
41b0
4 2 ~ 8
4.368
4509
'+5d9
461H
4876
:0111
:.Ob7
4911
415
431
457
4d5
516
540
574
629
695
b90
2189
2296
2338
2386
2514
2599
2644
2792
2892
2946
thous
72
85
93
96
100
100
100
l:l4
81
83
b317
6642
6806
6706
6311
6016
5701
5576
5486
5253
884
895
969
1021
1141
1301
1299
1280
1284
1399
5107
5187
5372
5434
5570
5692
5694
5762
5816
5978
dollars
34982
29609
25965
27B61
24549
23988
24069
26798
26605
30254
peopla
... as
S .b6
b .09
b .1b
b .32
6 .20
6 .10
5 .05
4 .78
4.i:lJ
21780 12 .33
23197 12.8 '+
22887
13 .04
22431
12 .73
22370 11ot:i7
22380 11 .20
23959 10 .53
23890 10.21
24582
9 .97
25248
9 .48
2370
3318
3471
4192
3796
3837
4452
5329
10232
9815
3 .79
3 .74
3 .95
4 .06
4 .42
4 .91
4 .78
4 .59
4 .4d
4 .75
18345 15 .30
18682 15 .40
19110
15 .80
19549 15 .85
19487
16.11
19700 16 .32
19977 16 .19
20712 16 .25
20941 1b .27
20912 16 .58
17
-
7/26/2019 1966-1975 [WMEAT 1966-1975 185668]
22/89
YEAR
8
TABLE I. MILIT RY EXPENDITURES, GNP, POPULATION, AND ARMED FORCES
BY GROUP REGION BY YEAR-Continued
MILITARY GROSS NATIONAL MIL EX PEOPLE
MILEX GNP ARM O
EXPENDITURES PRODUCT
per
per
FORCES
MILEX)
GNP)
GNP
CAPITA CAPITA
Billion
Current
doll rs a
Billion
dollars b onstant Constant
onstant
urrent
Constant
Million dollars dollars t ous
a) For conversion methodology, see ta t i s t ica l
Notes.
b) For conversion methodology, see ta t i s t ica l Notes.
c) Military Expenditures and GNP
as
calculated are not
fully
comparable
due
to
the use
of
different
types
of
dollar
conversion
rates
for the
two variables.
The
estimated
range
is
a more valid measure
see
ta t i s t ica l Notes.).
MIL
EX
ARMED
ARMED FORCES
FORCES
per
Con tant
1000
dollars
people
-
7/26/2019 1966-1975 [WMEAT 1966-1975 185668]
23/89
TABLE II.
MILITARY
EXPENDITURES, GNP, POPULATION. AND ARMED
FORCES
BY COUNTRY BY YEAR
MI LI
TAR
Y G
RO
SS N ATI
ONt,
L
MI
LEX PEO
PLE MILEX GN P A RMEO MILEX
ARMED
--
XPENDITURE
S
PROD
UCT
per
per
FO
R
CES
A RMED
FORCES
IMILEXI
GNP
) GN P CAPITA CAPIT A FOR
CES
per
Mill ion
dollars
a
Mi llion
dollars b Co
nsta nt Constant Constant
1000
YEAR
Curren t
I
Constan t
I
Million
dollars
dollars
thous
dollars
p
eople
C
ur
rent Co
ns
ta nt
Af ';HANUTAN
19tlfl
14
21
8bl 1310
1,b2
15,591>
1, 3b
84
91
218 &,22
191)7
15
n
90&
1:530
1,70
15,941>
1,42 84 95 239
5,9b
191)8
18 25 975
1380
1,81
l&,:SOb
1,53
84 89 280
5,411
191)9
19
2&
1 1 1430 1,79 1&,&11
1,54
8&
89
289
5,34
1970
21
h
11 0
1470
1,78
11, 0&0
t Sl 8&
91
287
5,33
1911
u
2ft
1240 1510
1,71 17,451
1,48
86
91
284
5,21
U72
24
27
1330
1550
1,71 11,812 1,53
87 91
101
5,09
1913 2b
Z J
1510 1&&0
1,72
18,301> 1,5&
91 91
313
4,91
1974 28 28
1Tb0
thO
t u
18aH9
1,51 94
1 0
218
b,9
l
1915
3'T
34 20b0 1880
1,78 19,245 1,74 98
130
258
" 7b
AI.BANU
19U
5& 85
TOO
10l>O
e,oo
1,914
44,40
555
2 1&33
27,17
19()7
&0
88 700
1030
8,57
1,9()5
4 5,00
525
52
1100 26,4&
19118 fiT
IJI
800
1130
8,37
2a019
46,80 559
52 1811
25,1()
19()9
17
tt l 800 1010
10,90
2,080 5&,10
516
'52 Zl JO
25,00
1970
n
t
900
11 SO
10,110 2,13&
5i>
1
TO
sn
52 2327
24,14
19'f1
11&
141
1040 U60 11,20
2,188 64,30
5'16
52
2112
Zl,71
1972
118
U7 uoo
1400
9,83 z,as8
&1,40
U4
It
h J 5
U
1
l4
un
125
138 1270
1400 9,84
2,UT
'59,90
608
'52 U l4
22,&4
1"74
1Z7 lZ7
1290
U90
9,84
2,352
4,00
148
J 2396 u,s:s
19.,"5
U1
120 1110 1200
10,00 2,411 49,70
497
52 uo8 U,S'T
AI.G RU
c
u u
104
U7
4UO UbO
~ 4 9 11,901
u 2o 126
7
a
o n &,so
1h'T
106
lU
a
no
U'TO
:s,'1o U,244
12
1
70 lb9
7 1
2080
u
19U
110
1 5 1610
79CJO
2,&9
U,&O' S
u,:so
U4
1 1
i OU
5,95
~
114
1 11
6fll0
8880
2,39
12. 98 1
11,80
684 80
1
1
H l
u
110
lU
14&
n1o
U10
z.
t9
u n ~
10,90
b
80 1825
1,98
1911 116
t41
7 10
881)0
2,19
1h805
10,20
642
80
1763
s,eo
1972
U l
141
88&0 lOJOO
1,85 14,244 9,90
724 80 1'7&3
I U
197)
t:n 14&
10000 11000 t n 141,'702 9,CJ5
'7 11 eo 1825 1,44
1974 260
u o
11400
11400 2,28
U ~ 8 2
1'1'110
1'51
eo l250 J,Z'T
t9'7
SOl
2'761 uooo
11900
1, 4
u 6e4
1'T
160
759
10
1450
s,to
ANCOI.A
1"&6
I
t I I t It
I I , I
t t I I I I
I t I,
..
I I t
I I I
1961
'
..
I t
.
.
I t I
t It I
I t I
t It
t I I,
.
I I
t
I I I
19U
t I I
t I I
'
I I, I
. '
\
I I I
19119
.. '
Ill
I I I I I I
t t I I I t t I I
. ..
I, I I,
I I I I I I
1970
t I I
I I I
I t I I t I I t I
t
I I t I I
t I I
t I I
1911
t t I
I I I
t I t
t I I
t
t
I
.
.
.
I I t
1972
'. =
1, I \
..
'
I I I,
I
t,
I
I I I
t I I,
1, I
t I I
un
'.
.
.. '
It t
...
I I I
.
t ,
..
974
I t I
t t l . t I I
It
I
un
.
19 bOO
290
2,69 6,455
13
1
'TO 510
:JO
2'1 10 4
1
U
19
-
7/26/2019 1966-1975 [WMEAT 1966-1975 185668]
24/89
Y EAR
ARG NTINA
1qbb
1qb1
19&8
19b9
1970
1q11
1972
1913
19711
1975
AUSTRAl.
A
9 tb
191>7
19#)6
19#)9
1970
1971
1972
1913
1974
1'75
AUSTRIA
191 6
1"61
U&6
19b9
1970
1971
1972
191:5
1974
1U5
BAHIUhl
19b&
19&1
1CJU
16
1970
U71
1972
un
19111
1975
20
TABLE II. MILITARY EXPENDITURES, GNP, POPULATION,
AND ARMED
FORCES
BY
COUNTRY BY
YEAR
-Continued
MILITARY
GROSS NATIO
Nh
L
MILE
X
P OPLE MI LEX GNP
EXPEND
ITURES
PR ODUCT
per pe r
IMILE
X)
I GNP) GNP
CAPIT A CAP ITA
Mil l ion
dollars
a
M i l l ion
dollars b
Consta nt Constant
% Million dollars
dollars
Current
Constant Current Constant
337 510 15500
23500
2,17 22,710
22,110
1030
328
1183 1bll00 211200
2,00
23.118
20,90
1050
350
11911
1noo
25200
1
1
90
n.11os
21. 10 1070
:sqo
532 20400 211100
1194
23,611
22.30
1150
409
521
2 b00
26800
1a81
24.15b
21,50
1190
lU
4H
211qoo
30200
1a115
211.500
1'7,90
1230
358 41b
26800
11 00
1
1
:511
24.6115 1bl80 1250
11413
488
30000 33100
1,118 25,19b 19,110
1310
581
581
35200
35200
1 11)5 25,551 22,70
1360
8b0
787
37100
B900
2 n
25.
en
1
30,110
1310
1510 2290 31200
4TIIOO
11,811
11.'599
196.00 11060
15b0
2300
:511200
501100 11,5b
11.799 195,00
11270
15b0 2210
11000 52200
11,22
12.009 1611.00
11350
18110
21170 112300
5b800 IJ,35
12,2&3 202.00 llb30
1150 2230
117000
59900
3,
73 12,507 179,00
11790
1600 i 180
51700
b2b00 3,119
12.75b
171,00
11910
1880 2190
'5&200
U400
:5,35 11 ,959
1b9
1
00
5050
1no
20110
b2l00
b81100 2,96
13,132
1 55,00
U10
1920
1920
1Zb
72&00
2,b5
1:s, :
n 8
1411,00
S440
2480
2270
78200
71 500
3 d 7
13.510
168,00
5290
166
285 111500
21900
1,30 7.291 39,10 3010
1 n
no
15200
znoo
1, 9 7,3 3 J9,70
3070
207
2t2
1&600
2 500
1 n
7,:UO
:59,70 3190
223
JOO 18500 24800
1,21
7,393
110
1
b0
33M
Ull 2'6 1000 2UOO
1
,11
7,42b 40,10 SbOO
235
284
2:1200
28200
1,01
7,115b
38,10
3760
158
301
l ITOO 30000
1,00
7,1187
40,20
4000
l71
305
26800
31700 0
1
9b
., ,.521
110, 50
4210
316
Hf>
:53000 nooo
1,02
7,548
4 4 1 ~ 0
4370
151
1 7 351100
JliiOO
1,01
7 ,540
43,30
4290
..
I I I
. .
...
I 1 I
I I I
.
I I I I
I I I ,
.
I I I
.
I
I I I ,
I I , I
...
'.
,
... .
.
..
I
t.
I
.
II
15 209
zn
l , t1
o,a1e 20,60 1160
4
4 202
2J i
z,oo
o,-224
19,20
10,0
4
5 210
i l2
2
1
tb
0 ,Z 1
19,50
1000
5
5
555
555
1, 6
0,231 22,40
UIIO
14
13 564
116 2,117
0
1
Z411
5Z
1
20
2110
ARM
ED M
IL
EX I RME D
FORCES
AR
MED FORC
S
FORCES pe r
Consta nt
1000
tho us do llars
peo
pl
e
1b0
3186 7,03
1M
lO 1q
b,92
1b0
3068
bl82
1M
3:525
b,72
1110
3721 5,60
1110 3 t H
5171
1110
2971
5,b3
1b0
3050
b,3
150
3873 5,87
1b0
4919
b
1
11
d
59
:58614
5,09
72
319411
b
1
10
80
27b25
b,bb
82
10122 b,b9
Bb
25930
b,86
86
253119
6,74
Bb n11os
b bi l
71
281)2
5,111
66
28235
5,10
70 UIIZ9
5,18
55
15182 7,54
60
46H
8,19
55
5309
7,47
55
51155
7,114
55
5418
'7,41
60
4733
8,0'5
b 1011
1,01
60
5083
1,98
b
'5b00 7,95
50
6 5110
6,b3
I I , I
I I
t
t
.....
2
22 50
9,11
J
1433
11,39
3
1500
12,99
4 1l2S
U1
1
88
5
2 140
l0
1
119
-
7/26/2019 1966-1975 [WMEAT 1966-1975 185668]
25/89
Y
EAR
BANGI .AO f'
SM
Uo&
Ub1
19&8
19&9
1910
tnt
1912
11JT:5
IJ14
1915
BARBADOS
U&&
U&T
1h8
19&9
1910
19'11
1912
19'1:5
19'14
1915
BEl.Gl UM
196&
19&1
19U
19&9
19YO
1911
19U
197:5
1914
191 1
TABLE II. MILITARY
EXPENDITURES, GNP, POPULATION,
AND ARMED
FORCES
BY
COUNTRY BY
YEAR
-Continued
MILITARY
GROSS NAT ION
t ,L
MILE X
PE OPLE MI L EX
GNP
EXPENDI TURE S
PRODUCT
per
per
IM ILE XI
IGNP)
GNP
CAPITA CAPITA
Mi ll ion
dollars
8
Million doll
a
rs
b
Constant
Co nstant
% Million
do ll ars dolla
rs
Cu rrent
Constant Cur re nt
Constant
I , I I
...
I I I I I I
..
I I I I I I,
I I I
.
I I , I
....
,
I I I
I . I I
I I I
I I, I,
I I I I I I
I I I,
..
.
I I I
I I I
I 1
1
..
I I I
....
I I I
I I I
I I I I I I I I I
I I I
. '
I I I I I I
52
Itt
5810
1 0
0,90
1 ~ , 3 1 1 0182 91
3'
n
&4&0
7110
0,55
1&,40&
0. It
qs
5J n
1890
1890
0
,.,
18
4CJ1
0.
t T
101
1b TO
8850
8090 o,a& 80,845 o ,u
100
0
0 1U
18&
0
0,23'1
0
TU
0
0
ue
04
0
o ,n?
0
1&1
0 0
U&
U9
0
o,an 0
9 J
0 0 t
Z:Sb
0 O,IJ& 0
1000
0
0
101 259 0
o,n5 0
1100
0 0
220 267
0 0
1
i 35 0
1140
0 0
nz
110 0
o ,nu
0
11&0
1
1
Z'J1
11
0,28
o,zn
s,z8
1180
1 1
219
zn
o,n o,zn 4
1
U
1200
1
1
299
ZT4
0,22
0,232
1,51
1180
12 uoo
znoo 3'5600
3,09
.
Sl8
116,00
J140
182
11 10
2,100 11000
3, t1
9, 181
120,00
38&0
855 1210 21400
18&00
3,12
9,&19 U J,
00
4010
89'$
1200
30600
41100 2,92
9,&4
12 1,
00 42&0
1000
UTO
5 ~ 1 0 0
43900
z,qo
. , , , 6
uz.oo
45'50
10&0 1280
lT100
4 1100
2,80
9,&13 U),OO
41SO.
1160
U&O
4UOO 4UOO
2,80
9,111
140,00
uo
1280
1400
4h900
'5'1&00
2,12
, ., '742
144,00
5190
1410
14YO
84000 84000 z,n
9,'7'1 1 11,00
0
1120 1810 58100
IS100
1,96
,nz
uo,oo 'J4 0
BENIN
O A M O M ~ Y )
19411411
3
s
111
2411 1,81
1
1
4U
10 5
19U 4
5
18
zn
t ,n
l ,S42
z,os
101
19&8
4
5
'
202 284
1,.,,
2
1
603
t
109
19&9
4
,
222 I ' l l
s,n z, u
a,o
HI
1910
249 ) l ' f
t ,u
z ,no
a . t
1U
1911
'
Zh
:522
1 118
z, 19
'''
1U
1911
'
6
zu 322
1,n
2,11U 1,94
11Z
19U
'
SOl na
1,112
1.9SS z,o
llS
19'f4
J41 J41 1
1
'f0
J ~ 0 0 4
1,91
114
1911'
see
J
1,.S J ,on 1,90
11
ARMED
MIL
EX
AR
M ED
FORCES
ARMED
FORCES
FORCES per
Constant
1000
thous
dollars
peop
le
... ,
.
.
I, I I,
I I I
I , \
I ,
I t I I I
I I I
41 1:500
o,u
u
451
1 , u
100
528
1
100
U l 1,14
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0 0
115
In
U,O?
115
10000 u ,oo
1U
10 122
11,
11 5
l04JI
11,92
t10
11 14 1 11,39
110
11U6
u .n
10'5 12912
10,11
lOS
13333
10,
78
100
14100
1o ,n
81
11104411 11,ae
2
U40 0,111
:J
1110
1,11
J
1411t1
1,11
I
ano
o,n
I
auo
o , n
I
sou
0
.
2
2180 0
1
10
J
2010 1,01
s
1921 1,oo
J
1941
o .
21
-
7/26/2019 1966-1975 [WMEAT 1966-1975 185668]
26/89
TABLE II. MILITARY EXPENDITURES, GNP, POPULATION, AND ARMED FORCES
BY
COUNTRY
BY
YEAR-Continued
M ILIT ARY
GROSS NAT IONI L
MILE
X
PEOPLE MI LE X
GNP
XP END ITU R ES
PRODUCT
per
per
IM
ILE
X)
I GNP)
GNP
CAPITA
CAPITA
Million
dollars
a
Million
doll ars b
Constant
Consta nt
Y EAR
Cu rrent I Consta nt
I
%
Million
dollars dollars
Curre
nt
Co nsta nt
BOI.IVIA
19&&
11
i e
771 1110 2,21
'1,347
5,9'1
2&9
19&7
17
25
82o
1220
z,os
'1,'150 5,59
2111
19&8
to 22
9le
U20
1,&9 4,55&
4,90
289
19&9
18
24
1020 1110 1,7&
4,oa&
5.17
294
1970
il2
Z8
1140
111410
1,91
4,180
i ,89
J05
1911
l
29
12b0
1520 1,
7
'1,698 5,61
311
l'l1l
32 3 138 0
bOO
2,32
5,019 7,40
119
1913
34
15
50 1110
1,98 5,145 o,58
Hi
1974
41
l l 1830
1830
2,24
5,275 7,75 Uo
1915
S9
54
2140 UoO
z,n
5,"10
9,89
hl
BOT5
WANA
t%b
t I I I I I
19&7
0
0 73
108
0
o,S43
0 199
19&8
0
0
18
110 0
0,552 0
199
19&9
0
0 88 1 19 0
o, ei 0
1970 0 0 t iS
147
0 0,513
0
25&
1971 0
0
U9 U9 0
o,se1 0
290
1972 0 0
1&1
188
0
0,593
0
111
1913
0
0
1&0
17&
0 0,&04
0
2191
1914
0
0
193
93 0
0
1
b15 0
313
191
0
0
223
204
0
o,o2o
0 l25
BRAZil.
bb
bbT
1010
11000
47000
2,15
81,112 12,20 So&
19&7
750
1110
H400
auoo
2,25
85,114& 12,90
575
19&8
11
1090 38200 518 00
2,02
87,855 12,40
&13
19&9
899
1210
43700
58700
2,0&
90 , lilt 13,40
&49
1970
11&0
1'180
_50300
b4100
2,31
92,90&
1&,00 &90
1CJT1
1300
1510
58900 11400
2, 0
95,555
1&,40
1118
1972 1410
1&50
&8100 9SOO 2,08
90,282 u 8 o
807
19U
1110
1880
80700 88100
2.12
101,092 te,&O 818
1914 2000 2000
9'7400 91400
2,05
101,989
19
,lO
9:17
1
9'75
24110
22:50
110000 101000
2,21
10&,97& 20,80
942
BU\.GARU
1
.t
&&
no 1090
7&80
11&00
8,258
11
1
00
1410
19&7
745 1100
eno 1UOO
8,310
1U,OO
1480
19&8
772
1090
8880 12 50 0
8,310
uo,oo
1500
19&9
832 1120
97"0
13100 8,4:54
uz oo
U&O
1910
934
1UO
10900
13900 8,4'10
140,00
1UO
e
1971
1040
12&0
1uoo
14400
8
1
53&
148,00
1&90
1912 11&0 U IO
13000
15100 8,'57& 1 11,00
11&0
un D20
14 10
14200
1 1&00
e,&zt 1&8
1
00
1810
1914
1 170
1 110
uooo uooo
e ,
&n
181,00
1840
197 1 1&80 1 40
18500
1noo
e, 741 11&,00
1UO
22
A
RM
ED
ORCES
thous
2'5
i O
17
z
17
17
17
18
18
lO
t I t
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
125
330
340
u o
315
11 1
410
4i O
435
455
11
110
11'5
1 .
11 1
189
189
117
114
11 1
MI LEX
A RMED
A
RMED
FOR CES
FORC
ES
pe r
Constant
1000
do
ll
ars
people
1032 5,75
124'5
4,49
Uti
3,73
U05 4,29
l U l
J h
1&7b
3,47
2182 3,39
1878
1,so
2212
J,41
UTS
J,7o
I I I
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
l,&S
0
2,24
l108
l
1
'H
33&11 3,8&
320&
1,81
33bl
1,98
3947
4,04
4187
s.z
4014 4,17
447fl
4
1
U
4'598
4,18
41901
4,2
6191
21,31
&2 10
l t , l8
u n 20
1
'H
&1100 zo,n
&800
ao,1
&bOT
22,14
7141 22,04
81'2
z
,s:s
o n
20
1
0 1
8800
10,02
-
7/26/2019 1966-1975 [WMEAT 1966-1975 185668]
27/89
TABLE
II.
MILITARY EXPENDITURES, GNP, POPULATION,
AND ARMED
FORCES
BY
COUNTRY
BY
YEAR -Continued
MI LI
T A RY GROSS
NA TI O
N
/,
L
MI
LE
X
PEOPLE
MI L
EX G
NP
A
RMED
MIL
EX
ARMED
X
P
ENDITURE
S
P
RO DU
CT
per
per
FORCES
ARMED FOR
CES
IM
ILE
X} I GNP}
GN
P CA
PIT
A CAPIT A
FORCE S
per
M i
lli
on
dollars
8
Mill ion
doll ars b Con
stant
Consta nt
Consta
nt 1000
EAR
Cu rrent
j_
Co nsta nt
I
%
Mi ll
ion do
ll
ars
do ll a rs
th ous do
ll
ars
peopl e
Curr ent Constant
y
BURM
A
f
1 9 ~ b
120
181
1170
2b80
b 1b
25,298
7,17
lOb
135
13(11 5 ..
(1
19&7
102
150
1710
25 0 '3 ,92 25,883 5,78 98 1'\b
1103 5 2 ~
1968
104 147
2010 2830
s,zo
2&
1
ti87
s,se
107 1Jb
1081
5,13
19&9 117
156 2180
2920
5,'59
27,109
5,62
108
113
913 &,38
1970 1'55 172
2410
3070
5,&1 27,148 e,2o
111
1'14
989
&,27
1911 155
188
2&30
3190
5,90
28,402
&,&3
112
17'3
1074
&,1&
1972
151
183
2800
32&0
s,&o
29,073
&,29
112 191
958 &,57
1973 189 208 3000 :BOO &,32
29,700 7,00
111
198 1051
&,&5
1914
t
139 34&0 34&0 4,00 30,463
4,5'5
114
202
&88
&,OJ
191 1
157
'5950 '5620 4,53
31,183
5,02
11&
209 151
,10
BUR
U
NO
19&& 2
4
1&7
254 l tlb
3,288
1,
13
77
2
18&0
0 ,&1
19&1 3
4 18&
Z74
1,&0
3,359
1,31 82
2
2195 o,&o
19&8
3
5
190 2b8
1,72
3,435
1.
34 16
2
2305
0,56
19&9 3 4
200
2&8
1,51
3,512
1.
1s
7&
2
2020 0,57