1920’s Jazz Music and Movies

• #1A: Name a famous jazz musician#1A: Name a famous jazz musician• #1B: How many musicians are in jazz bands?#1B: How many musicians are in jazz bands?• #1C: When was jazz invented?#1C: When was jazz invented?• #1D: Has jazz changed over time? Why?#1D: Has jazz changed over time? Why?

• HeroZero• Week in Rap• Reading• Jazz• Dance• Movies

A VERY BRIEF A VERY BRIEF HISTORY OF HISTORY OF

JAZZJAZZ

A Uniquely American A Uniquely American MusicMusic

THE BIRTHPLACE OF JAZZ The only music genre native to the US, Jazz (originally

spelled Jass) was born in New Orleans, near the end of the 19th century.

CONGO SQUAREOn Sundays, New Orleans slaves met at Congo Square

for trading, worship, dancing, singing, and music. These traditional West African rhythms eventually

evolved into Ragtime, the precursor of Jazz.

• #2: Song analysis in a table

Ragtime(Joplin)

Dixieland Swing Bop+ hard bop

Fusion+ neo-big band

# of musicians

cooperation in the song (unison vs solo)

Mood of song

Tempo of the song (speed)

2A RAGTIMERagtime was based on dances, like waltzes,

but it is defined by syncopation. Popularity lasted from about 1893 to the

beginning of World War I. The most famous ragtime composer was Scott

Joplin (right), who started in 1899.

JAZZ IS BORNBuddy Bolden is considered the first bandleader to Buddy Bolden is considered the first bandleader to play Jazz. play Jazz.

the self-Proclaimed “King” of the self-Proclaimed “King” of the Cornet, known for his the Cornet, known for his loud, clear tone and hisloud, clear tone and hisfreewheeling style. freewheeling style. No recordings of his playingNo recordings of his playinghave survived.have survived.

RED HOT JAZZ IN THE RED LIGHT DISTRICT (dixieland)

Many early jazz musicians got their start working New Orleans’ Many early jazz musicians got their start working New Orleans’ Storyville District. Storyville District.

After Storyville was closed in 1917, many of these musicians made After Storyville was closed in 1917, many of these musicians made their way to Chicago, spreading Jazz northward.their way to Chicago, spreading Jazz northward.

Jelly Roll Jelly Roll MortonMorton

Louis Louis ArmstrongArmstrong

Joe “King” Oliver Joe “King” Oliver

First Jazz Recording

In 1917, “The Original In 1917, “The Original Dixieland Jass Band”, made Dixieland Jass Band”, made the first jazz recording, the first jazz recording, Livery Stable Blues. .

A black bandleader was A black bandleader was offered the chance to make offered the chance to make the first jazz record, but the first jazz record, but refused because he was refused because he was afraid others would copy his afraid others would copy his style.style.

• #3: Do you agree with the bandleader that didn’t make the album? (that others would copy his style if he recorded an album)

• 3B: Why or why not?

SWINGSwing originated in Kansas City Swing originated in Kansas City

and Harlem in the late 1920s and Harlem in the late 1920s and became a national craze. and became a national craze.

The average big band had 15 The average big band had 15 members, members,

The music was written to The music was written to showcase soloistsshowcase soloists

THE KING OF SWINGDuke Ellington Duke Ellington

Edward Kennedy Ellington was born in 1899 Edward Kennedy Ellington was born in 1899 in Washington, D.C. in Washington, D.C. His band went on to play everywhere from His band went on to play everywhere from New York to New Delhi, Chicago to Cairo, New York to New Delhi, Chicago to Cairo, and Los Angeles to London. and Los Angeles to London. His band entertained everyone from Queen His band entertained everyone from Queen Elizabeth II to President Nixon. Elizabeth II to President Nixon.

Wrote and recorded hundreds of musical Wrote and recorded hundreds of musical compositions, all of which will continue to compositions, all of which will continue to have a lasting effect upon the world. have a lasting effect upon the world.

Benny Benny GoodmanGoodman

…AND HIS COURT

Count Count BasieBasie Artie Artie

ShawShaw

Other hot bandleaders included:Other hot bandleaders included:

Swing SoloistsSwing Soloists

Many talented musicians, both Black and White, first gained Many talented musicians, both Black and White, first gained fame while appearing with one of the big bands. fame while appearing with one of the big bands.

The bands were integrated long before the concert halls The bands were integrated long before the concert halls were!were!

Billie HolidayBillie Holiday Ella FitzgeraldElla Fitzgerald

BOPBOPRevolting against the confining nature of swing, Revolting against the confining nature of swing,

Bop (originally bebop) gained prominence in Bop (originally bebop) gained prominence in the mid-40s. The top bop musicians included:the mid-40s. The top bop musicians included:

Thelonius Monk Dizzy Dizzy GillespieGillespie

Charlie “Bird” Charlie “Bird” ParkerParker

PROGRESSIVE JAZZPROGRESSIVE JAZZProgressive, or Cool, Jazz developed primarilyon the West Coast in the late on the West Coast in the late 1940s and early 50s. 1940s and early 50s.

Dave BrubeckDave Brubeck

Miles Miles DavisDavis

NEO-BOP (hard bop)NEO-BOP (hard bop)Small groups led by John Coltrane, Sonny Rollins, Small groups led by John Coltrane, Sonny Rollins, Cannonball

Adderley, Art Blakey, and Max Roach (pictured below, from Adderley, Art Blakey, and Max Roach (pictured below, from left to right) made music with crackling, explosive, and left to right) made music with crackling, explosive, and uncompromising intensity.uncompromising intensity.

Wayne Wayne ShorterShorter

Keith Keith JarrettJarrett

Chick CoreaChick Corea

FUSIONFUSIONIn the late 1960s, many jazz musicians explored the In the late 1960s, many jazz musicians explored the connections between rock and jazz in a musical style calledconnections between rock and jazz in a musical style called Fusion. Fusion. The musicians included Wayne Shorter and Chick Corea, and The musicians included Wayne Shorter and Chick Corea, and

Jaco PastoriusJaco Pastorius

JAZZJazz continues to be a powerful and vibrant

musical form. In slightly more than 100 years, it has given birth to approximately two dozen

distinct Jazz styles.

““The real power of Jazz…is that a group of people The real power of Jazz…is that a group of people can come together and create… improvised art and can come together and create… improvised art and negotiate their agendas…and that negotiation is the negotiate their agendas…and that negotiation is the

art.”art.”Wynton Marsalis from ‘Jazz, a film by Ken Burns’Wynton Marsalis from ‘Jazz, a film by Ken Burns’

• #4: Describe how jazz changed over the years

Fred Astaire (Frederick Austerlitz )the greatest dancer?

Royal Wedding

Bessie SmithQueen of the Blues

Down HeartedBlues

Modern Jazz?

• Maynard Ferguson & Big Bop Nouveau• #5A: How is this song similar to the other jazz

songs we have heard?• #5B: How is it different?

#6A: Name a famous jazz musician#6A: Name a famous jazz musician

#6B: How many musicians are in jazz bands?#6B: How many musicians are in jazz bands?

#6C: When was jazz invented?#6C: When was jazz invented?

#6D: Has jazz changed over time? Why?#6D: Has jazz changed over time? Why?

Movie Stars of the 1920’s

America’s Love Affair with the Cinema begins

At first…

• Movies were not rated. Anyone could go to any movie.

• The reasoning? No movie was made that was offensive.

• Studios wanted to make money, so they censored themselves

The biggest Male Star was Rudolph Valentino

Who died in 1926 at age 31

His 1926“Son of the Shiek”

Was filmed in Yuma

America’s Sweetheart was Mary Pickford

Who married Douglas Fairbanks, the Star of “The Mark of Zorro”

Douglas Fairbanks and John Barrymore (Drew’s grandfather)

Theda Bara: “The Vamp” who helped force Hollywood to start rating its

movies

She wasn’t always an angelTheda

“The Vamp”

The most popular Was Clara Bow

The “It” Girl

More of “It”

“It’s” Men

One last look at “It”

The Three Stooges

• Slapstick comedy originating in 1925, but hitting its stride and becoming hugely popular in the mid 1930s-1940s

Disorder In The Court

Three Little……

Brideless Groom

Sing A Song Of Six Pants

Malice In The Palace