The Agustan age Whigs and Tories

Scotland The Hanoverian Kings

The International Scene

THE 18th CENTURY

From conflict to stabilityAlthough it was a time of constant religious and political fighting and feuding,it stabilised the relationship between Church and State and between

parliament and monarchy

heralded a period of relative domestic peace and prosperity

THE COUNTRY COULD LOOK FORWARD TO A

NEW CENTURY OF

PEACE

STABİLİTY

PROSPERİ

TY

The Augustan Age

Why is the eighteenth century referred to by critics and historians as the Augustan age?

GOVERNMENT

This is due to its similarities with the era of the Roman emperor Augustos who initiated an era relative peace and wealthy.

Prime MinisterConstitional

monarcyUnder this

system, the king or

queen formally

appointed

ministers,but they

were then answerable

to parliament.

The ministers

formed a Cabinet that

made major policy

decisions.

Tories WhigsThe old aristocracy

and Church of

England

The term ‘Tories’ is still used to refer to the Conservative party

the Tories supported a stronger monarchy

The middle classes

Held a mojority in parliament

Their origin lay in constitutional monarchism and opposition to absolute rule.

George I came to the throne and started the dynasty of the House of Hanover.

House of Hanover is a German royal dynasty.

The Hanoverian Kings(1714-1837)

George I became the first British monarch of the House of Hanover.

WHY WAS HE CHOSEN ?He was the closest Protestant heir to the throne

The period was one of political stability, and the development of constitutional monarchy.

Great Whig families dominated politics.The most eminent politician of time was

Britain's first Prime Minister, Robert Walpole.Britain came to acquire much of her overseas

empire, despite the loss of the American colonies.

What happened this period?

ScotlandI. Scotland and England were united as ‘Great

Britain’ and were to be governed under one parliament.

II. The unification of England and Scotland was not universally accepted north of the border.

III. A rebel movement grew and fought for Scottish independence.

IV. Scotland was finally defeated at the battle of Culloden

AT HOME and ABROAD

The loss of American coloniesReason:The British Parliament insisted it had the

right to tax colonists to finance the colonies' military defense, which had become increasingly expensive due to the French and IndianWars The colonists claimed that, as they were British subjects, taxation without representation in Parliament was illegal. The American colonists formed a unifying Continental Congress and a shadow government in each colony.

Result: American victory and European recognition of the independence of the United States, with mixed results for the other powers.

The International Scene

French revolution warReason: polemical declarations that any

populace wishing to dispose of its rulers would be assisted by French forces.

Result:end of any possibility of reforming England

IrelandReason:American War of

Independence and The French Revolution proved to be an important influnced on Irish politics

Result:Roman Catholic Relief Act 1791 helped Catholics relieve about certain political, educational, and economic disabilities.

TASKChoose the correct option 1) During the 18th century, The England passed a) a new century of peace, stability and prosperity b) A new century of war,instability and povertyAnswer : a

2) in England heralded a period of peace and prosperity.

c) Act of Union d) Glorious or Bloodless RevolutionAnswer:b

3) the king or queen formally appointed ministers,but they were then answerable to parliament.What kind of monarchy?

a) Absolute monarchyb) Constitional monarchyAnswer:b

4)Tories were supported bya) The old aristocracy and Church of

Englandb)Middle classesAnswer:a

5) Their origin lay in constitutional monarchism and opposition to absolute rule.

a) Tories b) WhigsAnswer:b

6) House of Hanover is c) A German royal dynastyd) An English royal dynastyAnswer:a

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