1829-1837

Fought in the American Revolution War of 1812 hero- Battle of New Orleans Seminole War- acquired Florida from Spain Disputed election of 1824 with John Q.

Adams Nickname: Old Hickory

1828 candidates: John Q. Adams- National Republican and Andrew Jackson- Democrat

1832 candidates: Andrew Jackson- Democrat, Henry Clay – National Republican, John Floyd- Independent, and William Wirt- Anti Masonic

Jackson chose to following Washington’s precedent and only run for two terms.

Jackson's efforts to limit the power of the affluent elite led to his reputation for "Jacksonian Democracy," but his administration was known for a heavy hand when it came to the power of the executive branch.

The American System and the Maysville Road Veto- Jackson announced a new policy by vetoing a bill to aid the Maysville Road in Kentucky in 1830. A string of similar vetoes followed, essentially halting federal internal improvement spending.

The Eaton Affair- Wives of Jackson’s cabinet refused to associate with Sec of War, John Eaton.

Rotation in Office- he promptly dismissed his opponents from their federal jobs and hired his friends-known as the “Kitchen Cabinet”

The Spoils System - rewards political supporters with government jobs

The Nullification Crisis- John C. Calhoun and South Carolina led the sectional opposition to higher tariffs.

Compromise of 1833-Congress passed a new tariff in 1832 that reduced some rates but continued the protectionist of northern industries- H. Clay

Bank Veto- Jackson in vetoing the bank’s re-charter bill, charged the Bank with undue economic privilege.

Slavery and Abolition- Jackson feared the discussion of slavery would split the country. Congress began adopting annual "gag rules" to keep discussion of abolition petitions off the House and Senate floor.

Indian Removal Act- gave the federal government the power to relocate any Native Americans in the east to territory that was west of the Mississippi River. The Jackson administration had removed 46,000 Native American.

Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia- a dispute over Georgia's attempt to extend its jurisdiction over Cherokee territory, Chief Justice John Marshall denies Indians the right to court protection because they are not subject to the laws of the Constitution.

Worcester v. State of Georgia- the Supreme Court rules that the federal government, not the states, has jurisdiction over Indian territories.

Trail of Tears- The Cherokees travelled 800 miles, many on foot to land west of the MS River. They suffered from hunger and the cold weather and an estimated 4,000 people died on the journey.

Rives Treaty- in 1831 France agreed to pay claims for Napoleonic depredations on American shipping.

Texas- attempt to purchase Texas for $5 million from Mexico to secure the southwest. Acquisition efforts became impossible when the Texas Revolution broke out. Jackson later rejected the idea of annexation.

Expanding the veto power of the Executive Branch

Intervening in legislative matters By the late 1830s, the United States had

become a full democracy for adult white males – but not anyone else, especially poor, immigrants, and women.

The emergence of a solid two-party system. The modern Democratic Party was founded under Jackson.

Politics for many men became a career

1. In what ways was Andrew Jackson different from the preceding Presidents? How was he portrayed in the Presidential Election of 1828? Why was Andrew Jackson popular with the common man?

2. Over what issue did Andrew Jackson’s cabinet resign? Why was the treatment of Peggy O’Neal of importance to Andrew Jackson?

3. What was the Trail of Tears? Why were the Cherokees relocated?