17801780Britain Moves Britain Moves

SouthSouth

Loyalists in armsLoyalists in arms As early as the end of 1778, Britain began As early as the end of 1778, Britain began

turning its attention South turning its attention South Southern states were much more loyal to Southern states were much more loyal to

the crown than their northern the crown than their northern counterpartscounterparts

Many loyalists in the south took up arms Many loyalists in the south took up arms to fight against the patriots to fight against the patriots Formed Loyalist militias Formed Loyalist militias

Some joined British units, others waged their own Some joined British units, others waged their own attacks attacks

In many cases, civil war in the south In many cases, civil war in the south

War moves SouthWar moves South

On Dec. 29On Dec. 29thth 1778, 1778, British forces took British forces took control of Savannah, control of Savannah, GA GA Major port city Major port city Began fortifying city Began fortifying city

Siege of Savannah Siege of Savannah Almost a year later, on Almost a year later, on

Sept. 16, 1779 American Sept. 16, 1779 American and French forces would lay and French forces would lay siege to Savannah and try siege to Savannah and try to reclaim city to reclaim city Over 500 Haitians fought for Over 500 Haitians fought for

French French On October 9On October 9thth, a major , a major

American assault failed American assault failed Approx. 2,000 American Approx. 2,000 American

casualties, including 800 deadcasualties, including 800 dead Siege was given up on Oct. 18Siege was given up on Oct. 18

Britain begins to tighten Britain begins to tighten grip on the South grip on the South

Casimir PulaskiCasimir Pulaski Among the Among the

casualties was casualties was Polish general and Polish general and volunteer Casimir volunteer Casimir PulaskiPulaski

Known as the Known as the “Father of the “Father of the American Cavalry”American Cavalry” Extensive training of Extensive training of

American cavalry American cavalry Began in Valley Forge Began in Valley Forge Casimir Pulaski

War in the South War in the South

General Henry General Henry Clinton began Clinton began fortifying strategic fortifying strategic port cities and port cities and moving north moving north throughout the throughout the Carolinas Carolinas First Stop - First Stop -

CharlestonCharleston

Siege of CharlestonSiege of Charleston March 29-May 12, 1780March 29-May 12, 1780 Gen. Henry Clinton and Gen. Henry Clinton and

14,000 redcoats lay siege to 14,000 redcoats lay siege to Charleston, SCCharleston, SC

Benjamin Lincoln held the Benjamin Lincoln held the city with 5,000 Americanscity with 5,000 Americans

British captured Fort British captured Fort Moultrie which guarded the Moultrie which guarded the city city

After a long siege, Americans After a long siege, Americans surrendered their entire surrendered their entire Southern Army Southern Army The worst American defeat of The worst American defeat of

the war the war Clinton left city under control Clinton left city under control

of General Charles of General Charles Cornwallis and returned to Cornwallis and returned to NYNY

Battle of Camden Battle of Camden Aug. 16Aug. 16thth 1780 1780 Camden, SCCamden, SC 3,000 American forces 3,000 American forces

under Horatio Gates had under Horatio Gates had marched south marched south Replacing surrendered Replacing surrendered

American forces American forces 2,000 British under 2,000 British under

Charles Cornwallis Charles Cornwallis marched inland to block marched inland to block the advance of this new the advance of this new armyarmy

British quickly broke the British quickly broke the American lines and easily American lines and easily routed the inexperienced routed the inexperienced troops troops

Gates led the retreat, Gates led the retreat, arriving well ahead of his arriving well ahead of his army in Charlotte, NC army in Charlotte, NC

Baron Von Kalb and his Baron Von Kalb and his more experienced troops more experienced troops refused to retreat refused to retreat

Camden Camden 2100 2100

American American CasualtiesCasualties Including Including

Patriot Patriot General General Baron Von Baron Von KalbKalb

Bayoneted Bayoneted several several times while times while down down

400 British 400 British casualties casualties

Death of Baron Von Kalb at the Battle of Camden

Nathanael Greene Nathanael Greene Gates’ cowardly Gates’ cowardly

retreat led to his retreat led to his replacement as the replacement as the head of the American head of the American Southern Army Southern Army Nathanael Greene Nathanael Greene

would take over would take over Gritty, determined Gritty, determined

"We fight, get beat, "We fight, get beat, rise, and fight again." rise, and fight again."

A soldier’s soldier A soldier’s soldier Began the war as a Began the war as a

lowly private, and lowly private, and ended as Washington’s ended as Washington’s most trusted General most trusted General Nathanael GreeneNathanael Greene

Battle of Kings Mountain Battle of Kings Mountain Oct 7, 1780Oct 7, 1780 Kings Mountain, NCKings Mountain, NC 1000 Loyalist militia under 1000 Loyalist militia under

Patrick Ferguson had fortified Patrick Ferguson had fortified hill hill

1000 Patriot militia 1000 Patriot militia No real patriot command structureNo real patriot command structure ““Partisans”- guerilla fighters Partisans”- guerilla fighters

Patriots quietly surrounded hill, Patriots quietly surrounded hill, before unleashing deadly rifle before unleashing deadly rifle fire fire

Multiple Patriot charges up the Multiple Patriot charges up the hillhill Americans repulsed, regrouped, Americans repulsed, regrouped,

and charged again and charged again Killed British General Ferguson Killed British General Ferguson

after several hours after several hours

Kings Mountain Kings Mountain American – 100 casualties American – 100 casualties British – Entire loyalist army (1000) either British – Entire loyalist army (1000) either

killed, wounded, or surrendered killed, wounded, or surrendered 9 hanged who had defected to the British9 hanged who had defected to the British Demonstrated the effectiveness of partisan Demonstrated the effectiveness of partisan

(guerilla) warfare (guerilla) warfare

Benedict Arnold Benedict Arnold Given command of Given command of

Philadelphia after Philadelphia after British evacuated British evacuated

Accused of profiteering Accused of profiteering from the warfrom the war Using army carts for Using army carts for

business usebusiness use Closing some local Closing some local

business business Acquitted of most Acquitted of most

chargescharges Letter of reprimand from Letter of reprimand from

WashingtonWashington Married Peggy Shippen Married Peggy Shippen

18 years old (20 yrs. 18 years old (20 yrs. younger)younger)

British sympathizer, ties British sympathizer, ties with leading Tories with leading Tories

John André John André

Benedict ArnoldBenedict Arnold

Felt betrayed by AmericaFelt betrayed by America Not recognized for Not recognized for

accomplishmentsaccomplishments Gates took glory for Saratoga Gates took glory for Saratoga Passed over on promotions Passed over on promotions Wounded in service Wounded in service

Never repaid for his Never repaid for his financial contributions to financial contributions to Continental ArmyContinental Army

Taken to trial for Taken to trial for profiteering profiteering

The Deal Goes Down The Deal Goes Down In 1779 Benedict Arnold used his loyalist In 1779 Benedict Arnold used his loyalist

ties to begin negotiating with British ties to begin negotiating with British General Henry Clinton via John AndréGeneral Henry Clinton via John André

Arnold was given command of West Arnold was given command of West Point on the Hudson River, Point on the Hudson River, and agreed to surrenderand agreed to surrender

it to the British for it to the British for 20,000 pounds 20,000 pounds Teamed with Peggy’s ex - Teamed with Peggy’s ex -

redcoat John André redcoat John André

TreasonTreason Andre acted as courier Andre acted as courier

between Clinton and between Clinton and Arnold Arnold While Andre was carrying While Andre was carrying

documents from Arnold to documents from Arnold to Clinton, he was robbed by Clinton, he was robbed by local thieves local thieves

Found incriminating Found incriminating documents in his bootdocuments in his boot

Turned him into Turned him into Continental Army Continental Army

Arnold heard of Andre’s Arnold heard of Andre’s capture and fled to British capture and fled to British in New York in New York

Andre was hanged as a Andre was hanged as a spy spy

AfterwardsAfterwards

Arnold was paid for his service, given land Arnold was paid for his service, given land in Canada, pensions for himself and his in Canada, pensions for himself and his wife and children, and a military wife and children, and a military commission as a British Provincial commission as a British Provincial brigadier generalbrigadier general Arnold would successfully lead British forces Arnold would successfully lead British forces

to victories at Richmond, Virginia and New to victories at Richmond, Virginia and New London, Connecticut before the end of the warLondon, Connecticut before the end of the war

British never fully trusted Arnold British never fully trusted Arnold Moved to London and died in 1801 Moved to London and died in 1801