World War II

1939-1945US Entry- 1941

Rise_Of_Nationalism_Germany 1;48

Causes of WWII: The Versailles Treaty Germany

•Blamed for war

•Lost colonies

•New countries formed out theirs

•Paid (war debts) reparations

(~33 Billion$)

The Great Depression

World-wide economic devastation

Buying of CREDIT

TARRIFF WARS of the 20sFordney-McCumber Tariff-1923

Hawley-Smoot Tariff-1930

Rise of Foreign Dictatorships

social desperation and unrest

promise of dictators to change problems

Problems in Europe After WWI

Great Depression•Economic = people were jobless

•Political = weak governments could not solve problems in their countries………..Fear of Jews and Communists

•Social = times of unrest people look for a leader.

•Power of government rests in one man.

•TOTAL POWER

•No freedoms in this society…..

•Usually racist and discriminatory towards certain groups……

•Often have large militaries and must expand and conquer to gain approval from

their people.

Totalitarian dictators came to power during the 1920s and 1930s in Europe.

Totalitarian dictators have total power….There are no freedoms in this

type of society…..Usually racist and discriminatory towards certain

groups……Often have large militaries and must expand and conquer to

gain approval from their people. COMMUNISM, FASCISM AND

NAZISM ARE TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIPS!

Adolph Hitler

Benito Mussolini

Joseph Stalin

•Joseph Stalin

•1921/Soviet Union

Communism

•Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(U.S.S.R)

• gov’t control of all territories

•massive effort to industrialize

• no opposition tolerated

•Stalin maneuvered himself into becoming the leader

of the Soviet Union.

•The Russian Revolution was led by the people to

overthrow a monarch but when the new ruling class

took over, there were no protections of people’s

rights…… “NO BILL OF RIGHTS”

•Communism and fascism are similar in their

ideologies

Rise of Nationalism Russia 1;12

Benito Mussolini

1922/Italy---Facism

Believe, Obey and Fight

Revive the Roman Empire

• condemned Democracy,

Socialism, &Communism

• defended capitalism regulated

by gov’t

• slow economic recovery

• blamed world economic

conditions

FACISM: BASED ON A SYMBOL OF AUTHORITY IN THE OLD ROMAN

EMPIRE…………”a philosophy or system of government

that advocates or exercises a dictatorship, state

control of industry, racial superiority, supremacy of

the leader, limits civil rights, together with an

ideology of belligerent nationalism, militarism and

expansion…..”

Rise of Nationalism Italy ;57

The Rise of Adolph Hitler

Born in Austria

Fought in WWI and was bitter towards the Treaty of Versailles

Adolf Hitler

Germany/1933---Facism

Master Aryan Race

• WWI veteran-Blamed Jews for WWI

loss

• Was arrested for attempting to

overthrow old Nazi Regime in the

“Beer Hall Putsch”

•wrote Mein Kampf (“My Struggle”)

while in prison a book detailing political

ideas for Germany and his future plans

for Germany

• rebuilt Nazi Party/Military

• took control of Germany

•Blamed Jews for WWI loss

Rise_Nationalism_Hitler_Nazi 3 min

• removed German Jews from jobs

• Nuremberg Laws

• deprived German Jews of German citizenship

• banned marriages between Jews and non-Jews

• Kristallnacht – “night of broken glass”

• massive destruction of Jewish property

• Phase 1 1933-1939

– A Common Enemy : Re-Education

– Citizenship Rights?

–German Jews face deportation

– Violence Escalates----Kristalnacht

• Phase 2 (1939-1945)

– World War II begins vs. France/England

– Holocaust Begins--- The Final Solution

–Ghettos and Forced Labor

Camps

–mass executions of Jews and Eastern

Europeans.

–Gas Chamber

Two Phases of Hatred

Including 1.5 million innocent children

Emperor Horhito and Hideki Tojo

Japan

Militarism

Empire of the Sun

economy hurt by Depression and

loss of world markets

military leaders rose to power and

built up military

formed military agreement with

Germany & Italy that became AXIS

POWERS

Japan’s Manifest Destiny was to

expand into China and the rest of

Asia by invading Manchuria in

northeastern China for resources

Would threaten our island

possessions and U.S. trade policy

into China, Open Door Policy.

“FLYING TIGERS” before the American entry into World War II-private contractors of Military volunteers had the mission of defending China against Japanese forces/aggressionSeen as heroic and brave

Rise_Nationalism_Japan ;54

• Neutrality Act of 1935

• illegal for Americans to sell arms to any nation at war

• Neutrality Act of 1937

• cont’d ban on arms sale to nations at war

• warring nations only buy nonmilitary supplies on cash & carry basis

American_Isolationism 3 min

Hitler/GERMAN

EXPANSION

•1935 to

1939,

unopposed by

the League of

Nations.

•Rhineland

1936

•Austria

1938

Sudetenland

•Part of Germany

before WWI.

•Treaty of

Versailles created

Czechoslovakia

•7,450,000 Czechs

•3,200,000

Germans

•2,300,000

Slovaks

•720,000 Magyars

•560,000 Ruthenes

•100,000 Poles

•Leaders met in Munich to decide the

fate of Czechoslovakia..

•Hitler believed Sudetenland should be

part of Germany.

•Adolf Hitler--Germany

Neville Chamberlain—England

Premier Edouard Deladier---France

Benito Mussolini--Italy

•Hitler promised the world if he

received the Sudetenland, there would

be no war.

•German demands for the Sudetenland are met = “All I want, is a Germany for Germans”

•All Chamberlain wanted was peace at any cost.

•Chamberlain believed that by sacrificing Czechoslovakia he had satisfied Hitler and he would stop being aggressive; he

promised “a peace with honor… peace in our time.”

•Chamberlain gave into Hitler (appeasement)•Hitler got the Sudetenland.

•FDR sent a letter to Hitler

asking him to honor the Munich

Conference

•Later in 1939, Hitler would

invade and take the rest of

Czechoslovakia…….

•The United States learned

from the Munich Conference

that you cannot trust the words

of a dictator………

Umbrella Road

•What is the cartoonist

trying to say here?

•What is meant by, “we might as well try to

appease him”?

•How does the cartoonist justify his decision to

appease Hitler?

• Hitler demanded Sudetenland

• Hitler then demanded return of Danzig

• He also wanted right to build highway and railroad across Polish corridor

• With these demands for territory in Poland, GB & France realize appeasement had failed

• Sept 1, 1939, with Soviet support, Germany invades Poland

• Sept 3, 1939 GB & France declare war on

Germany – WORLD WAR II BEGINS

Nationalism_Rise_Axis_Pwr

Clouds of War 3 min