1607

First permanent English Settlement

1492

Christopher Columbus discovered America

1494

Line of Demarcation Treaty of Tordesillas saying Spain can

colonize and trade west of the line and Portugal east of the line

1215

Magna Carta limited power

of the king of England

1216

English Bill of Rights

guaranteed certain rights to citizens

1619

Establishment of House of Burgesses, first representative

assembly in America

1619

First introduction of slavery and women to Virginia colony

1620

Mayflower Compact beginning

of self-government by Colonists

1620

Plymouth colony was the first colony established in the

Northeast

1700

Age of Reason/ Enlightenment Movement, in Europe

emphasized scientific method and use of reason to explain the

world

1730-40

Great Awakening, religious movement in colonies

1774

First Continental Congress, organized 13 colonies

Benjamin Franklin

Enlightenment thinker/ inventor Oldest delegate to

Constitutional convention

King George III

King of England during

American Revolution

Cornwallis

British general who

lost at Yorktown

John Smith

Saved Jamestown

1639

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, first written constitution in new world

1660

Navigation Acts, series of laws passed by England to regulate

colonists’ trade so England would make money

Poor Richard’s Almanac by Ben Franklin, was a book giving

advice and sayings

Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne was a novel about

Puritan punishment

Leatherstocking Tales: “Pathfinder,” “Deer Slayer” and

“Last of the Mohicans” by James Fenimore Cooper were novels

about life in the American frontier

“Common Sense” by

Thomas Paine

was a pamphlet about the ideas of independence

“The Crisis” by Thomas Paine was a pamphlet with the quote, “…these are the times that try

men’s souls”

“…we shall be like a city upon a hill…”

John Winthrop

Separation of church and state – Roger Williams

“holy experiment”

William Penn

about Pennsylvania

“I believe that I can save this nation and that no one else

can…” William Penn

“Join or die…” from the Albany Plan of Union

Ben Franklin

“…these United colonies are…and of right ought to be, free and independent states…” Richard

Henry Lee

Bifocals

Ben Franklin

Joint-stock company Burgesses

Representative government Toleration

Racism Proprietary Colony

Apprentice Imports

Exports Enumerated articles

Indentured servant Triangular trade

Separation of

Church and StateMercantilism

1754-63

French and Indian War removed French from North America and

began problems between England and colonies

1763

Treaty of Paris

officially ended French and Indian War

1770

Boston Massacre was where first civilians were killed by

British soldiers

1773

Boston Tea Party – was the key symbolic act of the colonists of

disapproval of lack of representation in English

government

1775

Shot Heard Round the World at Lexington/ Concord, marked

beginning of Revolutionary War

1776

Declaration of Independence, formally separated colonists from

England

1781

Revolutionary War, ends at the Battle of Yorktown

George Washington

General of the Continental Army

Thomas Jefferson

wrote Declaration of Independence

Paul Revere

warned colonists,”The British are coming!”

Crispus Attucks

1st African American killed at the Boston Massacre

John Paul Jones

American Captain/hero during American Revolution

Daniel Shays

led groups of 2,000 farmers to save farms

Benedict Arnold

traitor to Patriot cause

Samuel Adams

founder of Sons of Liberty, group that organized Boston Tea

Party

Abigail Adams

“Remember the women…”

Proclamation of 1763

colonists forbidden by England to settle west of Appalachian

Mountains

1764

Sugar Act - tax on molasses, one event leading to revolution

1765

Stamp Act – tax on legal documents, newspapers,

licenses, diplomas, dice, playing cards, one event leading to

revolution

1766

Quartering Act – British soldiers could stay in colonists’ homes

1766

Tea Act – lead to the Boston Tea Party

1774

Intolerable Acts – Britain punishes colonists severely for

the Boston Tea Party

1775

Olive Branch Petition – colonists declare loyalty to King George III but ask him to cancel Intolerable

Acts

1783

Treaty of Paris – officially ended American Revolution. US was

recognized as a nation by England.

“Paul Revere’s Ride”, poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow:

“Listen my children and you shall hear…”

“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”, “Rip Van Winkle” tales by

Washington Irving set in New York and New Netherlands

“Concord Hymn” poem by Ralph Waldo Emerson portrayed the spirit of American Revolution

“I regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”

Nathan Hale

“If this be treason, make the most of it.”

Patrick Henry

“No taxation without representation”

Patrick Henry

“Give me liberty or give me death!”

Patrick Henry

“…shot heard round the world” Ralph Waldo Emerson

“Come out you old rat…”

Ethan Allen“Dig men, dig for your lives!”

William Prescott

“Don’t shoot until you see the whites of their eyes!”

William Prescott

“I have not yet begun to fight!” John Paul Jones

“We shall all hang together or surely hang separately!”

Ben Franklin

“Oh, God! It’s all over.

Lord North

“The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot…”

Thomas Paine

“(tis time to part…)”

Thomas Paine

“These are the times that try men’s souls…”

Thomas Paine

“The British are coming!”

Paul Revere

We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that

they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit

of Happiness… Declaration of Independence

“…our lives, our fortunes, our sacred honor.”

Thomas Jefferson

Committee of Correspondence

Militia

Minutemen Blockade

Traitor Patriots

Loyalists Boycott

Repeal Nonimportation agreements

Writs of assistance Sons of Liberty

1776

Articles of Confederation – 1st American constitution created

weak national government

1786

Shay’s Rebellion – demonstrated need for stronger

government

1787

Constitutional Convention – meeting to revise Articles of

Confederation resulting in new form of government

1787

Federalist Papers – written arguments for a strong central

government

1789

Washington elected President

1791

Bill of Rights – First 10 Amendments guarantee

individual freedoms; gained support for the Constitution to be

ratified

Roger Sherman

wrote the Great Compromise

Alexander Hamilton

Head of Federalists

George Washington

president 1789 – 1797

Federalist

Father of his Country

John Adams

president 1797 – 1801

Federalist

Duke of Braintree

Thomas Jefferson

president 1801 – 1809

Democratic-Republican

Red Fox

James Madison

president 1809 – 1817 Democratic-Republican

Father of the Constitution

1785

Land Ordinance of 1785 – set up system for settling Northwest

Territory

1787

Great Compromise between New Jersey Plan and Connecticut Plan gave us two houses in

Congress

1787

Three-fifths Compromise – Northern and Southern states agreed to count 3/5 of slaves

1787-88

Constitution created

1793

Neutrality Proclamation – Washington declares U.S. will

not support either side in war in Europe

1798

Alien Act – allowed president to expel any foreigner who was thought to be dangerous to

country

1798

Sedition Act – citizens could be fined or jailed for criticizing

elected officials

1803

Marbury vs. Madison – Supreme Court can decide if a law violates

the Constitution

McCullough vs. Maryland – curbed states’ rights

“Steer clear of permanent alliances…”

George Washington

“Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!”

John Adams

“We are all Republicans; we are all Federalists”

Thomas Jefferson

Ratify Constitution

Override Judicial review

Bill of Rights Legislative branch

Executive branch Judicial branch

Compromise Separation of powers

Elastic clause Federalism

Impeach Federalist

Appropriated Laissez faire

Anti-Federalist Amend

Due process Appeal

6 goals of Preamble Unconstitutional

Tariff/tax/duty Necessary and proper

Standing committees Joint committees

Democratic Impressments

Constituents Executive agreements

Jury Checks and balances

Bond National Debt

Alien Speculator

Embargo Nullify

Veto Nationalism

Bill Cabinet

Sedition Republic

Precedent Electoral College

Mason-Dixon Line

1790’s Industrial Revolution – beginning of mass production,

interchangeable parts, lower cost of goods, factory system,

urbanization

1803

Louisiana Purchase – land bought from France by Jefferson

doubling size of US

1812

War of 1812 – War with England over impressments of sailors

1823

Monroe Doctrine – stated non-interference of European nations

in Western Hemisphere

1845

annexation and Statehood of Texas

1835-38

Trail of Tears – Native Americans were forced West to Oklahoma by Andrew Jackson

1846

Mexican War – territories which became California, New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, Colorado were

gained

1848

Seneca Falls convention – first organized convention for

women’s suffrage

1848-49

California Gold Rush – search for gold caused settlement of the

West

Lewis and Clark – explored new lands of Louisiana Purchase

Andrew Jackson – hero of Battle of New Orleans, became

president

1837

Horace Mann – Head of State School Board of New York;

proponent of public education for all

1837

Mary Lyon – founded Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, first

women’s college in U.S.

1841-60

opened grade school in Boston; improved conditions in hospitals and prisons; eliminated debtors

in prisons

1848

Elizabeth Cody Stanton – helped write Declaration of Sentiments

at Seneca Falls Convention

1840’s

Susan B. Anthony

Women’s rights organizer

1840’s

Elizabeth Blackwell

First women with medical degree; started first nursing

school

James Monroe

President 1817-1825 Democratic-Republican

Last of the Cocked Hats

John Quincy Adams

President 1825-1829 Democratic-Republican

Old Man Eloquent

Andrew Jackson

President 1829-1837

Democrat

Old Hickory

Martin Van Buren

President 1837-1841

Democrat

Little Magician

William Henry Harrison President 1841

Whig

Old Tippecanoe

John Tyler

President 1841-1845

Whig

His Accidency

James K. Polk

President 1845 – 1849 Democrat

Young Hickory

Zachary Taylor

President 1849 – 1850

Whig

Old Rough and Ready

Millard Fillmore

President 1850 – 1853

Whig

Last of the Whigs

Franklin Pierce

President 1853-1857 Democrat

Handsome Frank

1795

Treaty of Greenville – Several Native American tribes give up

land for money

1807

Embargo Act – forbade Americans to export or import

any goods

1809

Nonintercourse Act

Americans could now trade with all nations except England and

France

1814

Treaty of Ghent – ended the War of 1812

1830

Indian Removal Act – Native Americans forced west of the

Mississippi

1848

Mexican Cession – Mexico sold western lands to U.S.

1849

Missouri Compromise – Slavery permitted south of 36.30 degree

parallel

Compromise of 1850 – compromise agreements

concerning slavery in parts of the union and territories

1853

Gladsden Purchase – Mexico sold U.S. strip of land in present-

day Arizona and New Mexico

1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act – divided Nebraska territory in half and allowed slavery vote in both

halves

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Steamboat case; monopoly

“The Raven” and “Murders in Rue Morgue”, poems and stories

by Edgar Allen Poe

Moby Dick novel by Herman Melville about the whaling

industry

“The people have no right to sell, not to each other, certainly not to

strangers…Why not sell the air…? Tecumseh

“The Cherokees are nearly all prisoners…the property of many has been taken and sold before their eyes for almost nothing.”

Trail of Tears

“Remember the Alamo!” Battle cry of Texas Independence from

Mexico

“I will fight no more forever.”

Chief Joseph

1793

Cotton Gin

Eli Whitney

1825

Steamboat

Robert Fulton

Late 1820’s

Photography

Louis Daguerre (Fr)

1825

Canal Locks

Erie Canal

1830

Steam Locomotive

1837

Telegraph and Morse Code

Samuel F.B. Morse

1846

Sewing Machine

Elias Howe

1847

Reaper

Cyrus McCormick

1860’s

Bessemer Process

Henry Bessemer

1836

Plow

John Deere

Interchangeable Parts

Eli Whitney

War Hawks Capitalists

Factory system Interchangeable parts

Era of Good Feelings Old Hickory

Protective tariff American System

Suffrage Nominating conventions

Caucus Spoils system

Immigrant Kitchen cabinet

Pet banks Manifest Destiny

Forty-niner Skilled/unskilled workers

Trade unions Mason-Dixon line

Nativist1855

Bleeding Kansas

1859

Raid on Harper’s Fairy

1860

Election of Lincoln – lead to southern secession in 1861

1861-1865

Civil War – attempt for southern state to separate from the

United States and form own country

1863

Emancipation Proclamation – Lincoln frees slaves in southern

states

1865

Lincoln’s Death- changed reconstruction

Robert E. Lee

Confederate General

Stephen Douglas

politician who supported popular sovereignty

Ulysses Grant

Union General

William Lloyd Garrison Newspaper, The Liberator,

NE Antislavery Society

Frederick Douglas

Freed slave, speaker;

North Star

Sojourner Truth

runaway slave

John Brown

radical abolitionist who attacked proslavery settlers

Harriet Tubman

Underground Railroad

Grimke Sisters

southern sisters who moved to Philadelphia and became

abolitionists

James Buchanan

President 1857-1861

Democrat

Ten-cent Jimmy

Abraham Lincoln

President 1961 – 1965

Republican

Honest Abe

1850

Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 – demanded all citizens help catch

runaway slaves

1857

Dred Scott Decision – slavery made legal in all territories

1865 – 13th Amendment – banned slavery throughout

nation

1866 – 14th Amendment – gave citizenship to all people born in

U.S.

1869 – 15th Amendment – gave voting rights to ALL U.S. citizens

“The Liberator”, paper by William Lloyd Garrison spoke to abolition

of slavery

Uncle Tom's Cabin, book by Harriet Beecher Stowe, told

of horrors of slavery

Leaves of Grass, book of poems by Walt Whitman,

had “Captain! My Captain!”, poem about Lincoln’s

assassination

“Essays on Civil Disobedience” by Henry D. Thoreau, said each person must decide what is right or

wrong

Red Badge of Courage, novel by Stephen Crane

about Civil War

“The Union – next to our liberty, most dear” -

John C. Calhoun

“If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I

would do it; and if I could do it by freeing some and leaving others alone,

I would also do that.” – Abraham Lincoln

“On the 1st day of January in the year of our Lord 1863, all persons held as slaves within any state or…part of a state whose people…shall then be in

rebellion against the U.S. shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free”

Emancipation Proclamation

“Ain’t I a woman?” Sojourner Truth

“I have lost my right arm” Robert E. Lee

“It’s all my fault.” Robert E. Lee at Gettysburg Cemetery

Ridge

“We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain – that

this nation shall have a new birth of freedom and that government of the

people, by the people and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Abraham Lincoln Gettysburg Address

“Leave nothing to invite the enemy to return. Destroy

whatever cannot be consumed.”

William Sherman

“The war is over. The rebels are our countrymen

again.”

Ulysses S. Grant

“A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the union to be dissolved – I do

not expect the house to fall – but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other.” Abraham Lincoln

“We worked in all waters. It was never too hot or too

cold…Work, work, work…” Fredrick Douglas

Tariff of Abominations

Nullification States’ Rights

Secede Panic of 1837

Discrimination Black codes

Abolitionists Underground Railroad

Temperance Movement Sectionalism

Popular sovereignty Fugitive

Border RuffiansConfederate States of

America

Martial law Emancipate

Freedmen

1868

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson - First

impeachment; not removed from office

1877

End of military reconstruction – troops

removed from South

Andrew Johnson –

President 1865-1869 National Union

Tennessee Taylor

Ulysses S. Grant –

President 1869 – 1877

RepublicanUncle Sam/Unconditional

Surrender

1867

Reconstruction Act – divided South into 5 military districts

1896

Plessy vs. Ferguson – separate is equal

Tom Sawyer; Life on the Mississippi, novel by Mark

Twain

“Corrupt bargain.” “Our federal union – it must be preserved!”

Andrew Johnson

“Damn the torpedoes…Full speed ahead…Tippecanoe and

Tyler, too…”

Admiral Perry

Temperance Movement Radical Republicans

Radical Reconstruction Scalawags

Sharecroppers Ku Klux Klan

Poll Taxes Literacy tests

Segregation Carpetbaggers

Grandfather clause Freedmen