1400s – the renaissance begins (rebirth) began in italy and spread throughout europe johannes...

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Page 1: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster
Page 2: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster
Page 3: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth)Began in Italy and spread throughout EuropeJohannes Gutenberg – printing press – books

printed faster

Page 4: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

The Travels of Marco Polo Shared stories of the voyages of Marco PoloWanted to buy and resell Asian goods (silk and

spices)Gunpowder and compass

Page 5: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

Prince Henry of PortugalOpened a school of navigationAimed to make better ships, maps, and tools

for navigationNew Technology

Caravel – kind of shipDrew better mapsImproved the compass and astrolabe

Page 6: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster
Page 7: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

Used Marco Polo’s book to learn about AsiaNever thought to travel across the Atlantic

Ocean to get to AsiaVikings

Leif Erickson – sailed west across the Atlantic, stopping in Greenland, Canada, and present-day Newfoundland

Page 8: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

Christopher ColumbusThought he could sail across the Atlantic to get

to AsiaRisks and Rewards

Explorers had to prove themselves. Had to prove the cost was worth it, despite risksHoped the benefit would be BIG

Page 9: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

His plan was risky.Portugal turned him down.King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain

Said, “No!” - due to pushing the Muslims out of Spain

Reconquista – either become Catholic or leave Spain

When this ended, they finally supported his plan to travel west.

Page 10: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster
Page 11: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

ColumbusSailed the Nina, Pinta, and Santa MariaOctober 12, 1492 – finally saw land

A Historic MeetingLanded in San Salvador (thought it was the

Indies)Met the Taino tribe

Collected gold items, animals, and plantsCaptured several Taino to bring back to Spain

Page 12: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

When Columbus and his men returned, they were heroes.

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella were quite pleased.Sponsored a second expeditionHoped to find more riches, start settlements,

and convert people to the Catholic religion

Page 13: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

Navigation Tools

Page 14: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

Do Now Question:How did technology help improve navigation during the time of early exploration?

Page 15: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

DBQ 1 – How did the compass help sailors?

The compass helped sailors know in which direction they were traveling.

Page 16: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

DBQ 2 – How might the weather affect the use of the astrolabe?

Sailors could not use the astrolabe if the weather was bad and the sun or the stars were not visible.

Page 17: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

DBQ 3 – Why would explorers need more accurate maps?

More accurate maps would give explorers a clearer idea of where they were going and how far their journeys might be.

Page 18: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

DBQ 4 – Why would sailors need to keep track of the time?

Sailors would keep track of the time to know how much longer it should take to get to a certain place.

Page 19: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster
Page 20: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

Columbus’s trips inspired other European rulers to send ships west.

John Cabot Sets SailSent by England’s King Henry VII to help

compete with other European nations for land and wealth

Sailed west and found land – present-day Newfoundland and Labrador (parts of Canada)Same place the Vikings found 500 years earlier

Page 21: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster
Page 22: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

Amerigo VespucciDid not believe Columbus and Cabot found the IndiesSailed west and found land as he sailed down the

coast of South AmericaAmerigo Vespucci’s New Idea

Looked for signs that the land was Asia – did not match Marco Polo’s description

Thought - perhaps Earth was larger than they thoughtThe Naming of America

1507 – mapmaker made a new map and labeled the land of South America after Vespucci

North America was labeled later

Page 23: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster
Page 24: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

Vasco Nunez de BalboaSpanish explorer – first to settle in the

AmericasSettled in Hispaniola -> Columbia -> PanamaTraveled west across the Isthmus of Panama

(connects North and South America) and reached the Pacific Ocean

Proved Vespucci was right

Page 25: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster
Page 26: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

Ferdinand Magellan Portuguese explorerSailed around the tip of South America to the

Pacific Ocean Named the ocean Pacific – means peaceful - his

opinion of the water

Magellan’s Long VoyagePlanned to travel across the PacificDied in a battle in the PhilippinesOne ship made it back to Spain in 1522 – first

to sail around the world

Page 27: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster
Page 28: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

As more expeditions were organized, more lands were claimed.Same countries claimed certain lands

Catholic Church settled problem with an imaginary line

Spain got land to the west; Portugal got land to the east1494 – treaty moved the dividing line further west

Page 29: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster
Page 30: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

Many Spanish explorers sailed west.Dreamed of being rich, winning national glory,

and/or converting Native Americans to ChristianityJuan Ponce de Leon

Sailed with Columbus on a voyage and later discovered Puerto Rico

Heard of the land, Bimini, to the north of Puerto Rico

1513 – found present-day Florida1521 – set up Spanish settlement, but was defeated

by native tribeFirst Spanish explorer to set foot on present-day

U.S. soil

Page 31: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster
Page 32: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

Hernando CortesSent to find gold in land of the Aztecs (present-day Mexico)

The Fall of the AztecsAztecs believed a light-skinned god would

return to rule one day – The Aztec emperor believed Cortes was this god.

Cortes captured him and fighting began.Cortes and Spain won.Mexico City was built on Tenochtitlan – new

capital

Page 33: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

The Seven Cities of GoldNative American story – searched and a Spanish

priest, Marco de Niza claimed to see a city of goldCoronado in the Southwest

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado – searched for the cities of gold Went back to Mexico City without any gold, but did

claim lands in the present-day southwestern United States for Spain.

Lands in Florida, Mexico, and the southwestern United States became known as New Spain

Page 34: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster
Page 35: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

Pizarro and the IncasFrancisco Pizarro – Spanish conquistador who

searched the western coast of South America.Found the Incan empire and took control

De Soto in the SoutheastHernando de Soto – explored the southeastern U.S.

Landed in near Tampa Bay, Florida and travelled to land near the Mississippi River

Battled Native American tribes and many died including De Soto

More land claimed by Spain

Spain controlled much of the southern half of the U.S.

Page 36: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster
Page 37: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster
Page 38: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

The Church forced people to follow it rules, to pay taxes, had its own court, and punished those for breaking the laws.

Religious ReformsMartin Luther – started the Reformation –

challenged the ChurchLed to new churches including the Lutheran Church

Counter-Reformation – made some changes, but tried to keep power in the Catholic ChurchSpread ideas to new followers in the AmericasMissionaries – converted Native Americans despite

their efforts to hold onto Native American beliefs

Page 39: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster
Page 40: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

European nations still wanted to find a shortcut to Asia

Searching for a New RouteThought if you sailed to and around N.

America, it would be faster and easierThe first country to find it, gets control of the

important new trade route.Search lasted for hundreds of years

Page 41: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster
Page 42: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

The French in North AmericaGiovanni Verrazano – sailed from North Carolina,

along the Atlantic coast, and no further than NewfoundlandDid not find a passage

Jacques Cartier – During his three trips, he sailed to the mouth of the St. Lawrence River.Claimed the land around it for France including

present-day Montreal and Quebec

Page 43: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster
Page 44: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster

Henry Hudson – English explorer who made 4 voyages in search of the Northwest PassageDuring his 3rd voyage, he explored a river in

present-day New York, named it after himself, and declared the land for the Dutch.

A Voyage Ends in MutinyLast voyage – searched the Hudson Bay and

claimed land around it for EnglandCrew rebelled and sent him and 8 others on a

boat – never seen or heard from again

Page 45: 1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth) Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Johannes Gutenberg – printing press – books printed faster