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BURNS

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By the end of the lesson, cadets should be able to:

1. List and describe the three types of burns

2. Assess the severity of burn injuries

3. Administer first aid treatment to the victim

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• Introduction

• Types of Burns

• Severity of Burns

• Treatment of Burns

• Conclusion

Scope

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Definition:Burns are injuries to the skin or mucous membrane from excessive heat or cold, chemical substances or electrical current

• Burns cause most painful injuries

• Accurate assessment is vital

• Management and rapid transport is critical

Introduction

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• Thermal Burns

• Chemical Burns

• Electrical Burns

Types of Burns

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The following slide contain pictures of shocking nature

Warning!

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• Thermal Burns:

– Destroy tissues through heat

– Burning in the tissues continues for about 10 minutes following the critical burn injury

– Smoke inhalation and carbon monoxide poisoning

Types of Burns

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Thermal Burns due to Scalding Thermal Burns due to Scalding

Leg scalded by boiling waterLeg scalded by boiling waterCasualty burnt by overheated tool

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Thermal Burns due to Friction Thermal Burns due to Friction

Rope Burn blisters on nearly every finger

Rope Burn

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• Chemical Burns

– chemical contact

– destroy tissues through protein coagulation

– extent of tissue destruction depends on duration of contact, concentration & amount of tissue exposed

Types of Burns

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The following slide contain pictures of shocking nature

Warning!

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Chemical Burns

Extensive damage to face due to using Extensive damage to face due to using corrosive pastecorrosive paste

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• Electrical Burns:

– Occurs when some body parts complete the electrical circuit

– Electrical current passes through the body and destroys internal tissue (muscles, nerves, etc)

– Can be extremely deceiving (not obvious) as there may be no significant signs of surface burns

– A small surface wound may uncover widespread underlying tissue damage

– May induce cardiac arrest (heart failure)

Types of Burns

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The following slide contain pictures of shocking nature

Warning!

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Electrical BurnsElectrical Burns

Oral burn from biting on electrical cable

High voltage electrical burn through the sole of a shoe

Lineman burnt while attending to electrical cable

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• Depth

– First degree

– Second degree

– Third degree

Severity of Burns

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The following slide contain pictures of shocking nature

Warning!

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Severity of Burns

• First Degree:

- Superficial partial thickness burn involving only the epidermal area

- Redness, tenderness and peeling

- Heals within one or two weeks without scarring

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Severity of Burns

• Second Degree:

- Deep, partial thickness burn involving the dermis and epidermis

- Characterised by red or mottled (spots) skin, often with blisters

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• Third Degree:

– Full thickness burn

– All sensation is lost

– Characterized by charred skin

Severity of BurnsSeverity of Burns

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THIRD DEGREE BURNTHIRD DEGREE BURN

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• Reduce the spread of heat, pain and swelling by placing the burnt area under cold running water or immersing it in cold water for at least 10 minutes

• Gently remove any rings, watches, belts or constricting clothing from the injured area before it starts to swell

• Cover the injured area with clean, preferably sterile, non-fluffy material

• A burnt face may be covered with a gauze mask, with holes cut into it to assist the victim in breathing.

Treating Burns and Scalds

First AidFirst Aid

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• Do not break blisters or remove anything that is sticking to a burn.

• Do not apply lotions, toothpaste, ointments or grease to the injured area.

• NOTE:For severe burns, call 995 for an

• emergency ambulance.

First AidFirst Aid

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Time to test your knowledge!

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What is the definition of burns?

Question 1

Burns are injuries to the skin or mucous membrane

from excessive heat or cold, chemical substances

and electrical current

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Name the three types of burns.

Question 2

Thermal BurnsChemical BurnsElectrical Burns

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What are the features of second-degree burns?

Question 3

Deep, partial thickness burn involving the dermis and epidermis

Characterised by red or mottled (spots) skin, often with blisters

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While some burns may be treated

with first aid, most burns are

severe injuries that require

immediate medical attention.

In general, if you are unsure of the

severity of any burn, seek medical

attention promptly.

Conclusion