10 congress - i've been meenan to tell...

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UNIT 4 MAIN IDEA PACKET: Government Institutions

AMERICAN GOVERNMENT CHAPTERS 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 & 18

CHAPTER

CONGRESS

Chapter 10 Section 1: The National Legislature THE BIG IDEA: Congress, made up of the Senate and House of Representatives, is the National Government’s legislative branch.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Representation in Congress

State Population Senators House Members

California 33,871,648 2 53

Wyoming 493,782 2 1

*Information based on 2000 Census

Answer the following questions using the chart above.

Which State has more power in the House of Representatives?

Which State has more power in the Senate?

Do you think the states are being represented in Congress fairly?

Chapter 10 Section 2: The House of Representatives THE BIG IDEA: Members of the House, who serve an unlimited number of two-year terms, represent districts of roughly equal representation.

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American Gov Unit 4: Gov Institutions Main Idea Packet Pg 2

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Qualification for the Representatives

Qualifications Representatives

Age At least 25

Citizenship At least 7 years

Residency Must be from the State

Answer the following questions after reading Chapter 10 Section 2.

How many two- year terms may a representative serve?

How are seats in the House of Representatives apportioned?

When are the seats reapportioned? Why do they do this?

Why do politicians gerrymander districts?

Chapter 10 Section 3: The Senate THE BIG IDEA: Each State has two seats in the Senate, the smaller of the two houses of Congress.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Qualification for the Senators

Qualifications Senators

Age At least 30

Citizenship At least 9 years

Residency Must be from the State

Answer the following questions after reading Chapter 10 Section 3.

How long is a Senators term?

Why is the Senate called a continuous body?

How did the 17th Amendment change the way senators are chosen?

In order to expel a senator from the Senate, two thirds of the Senate must agree. Why do you think the Constitution sets such a high requirement?


Chapter 10 Section 4: The Members of Congress THE BIG IDEA: Members of Congress, who receive generous pay and good benefits, fulfill various roles.

FINISH THIS CHART GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Lawmaker has four voting options:

OPTIONS DESCRIPTION

Trustees

Delegates See themselves as agents of those who elected them.

Partisans

Politicos Attempt to combine the basic elements of the trustee, delegate, and partisan roles.

Answer this question (using the chart you completed above & it must have a least 4 sentences)

Which voting option would you choose if you were a Senator? WHY?

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Duties of Members of Congress

Legislator Makes laws

Committee Member

-Screen Bills -Oversees the executive branch’s enforcement of laws

Constituent Representative

Represents/votes as “folks back home” want

Constituent Servant

Does favors for citizens

Politician Keeps in touch with party leaders and constituents back home


Which duty requires a member of congress to make bills?

What is different about being a constituent representative and a constituent servant?


CHAPTER

POWERS OF CONGRESS

Chapter 11 Section 1: The Scope of Congressional Powers THE BIG IDEA: The Constitution gives Congress certain powers, but liberal interpretation have given Congress great scope.

FINISH THIS CHART GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Constitution Grants Congress Power in Different Ways

TYPE OF POWER DESCRIPTION

Expressed Powers Explicitly, in its specific wording.

Implied Powers

Inherent Powers

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Strict Constructionists v. Liberal Constructionists

Answer this question (using the graph above):

Which side of the constructionists’ argument (STRICT V. LIBERAL) do you think most agree with? WHY?

• Main Goal: Federal Government with very limited powers.

STRICT Congressional Powers should be limited to

expressed powers and implied powers needed

to carry out duties.

• Main Goal: Federal Government with strong powers.

LIBERAL Congressional powers

should be interpreted in a broad manner.

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Most Americans came to favor a liberal construction of the Constitution.


Chapter 11 Section 2: The Expressed Powers of Money and Commerce THE BIG IDEA: Many expressed powers of Congress have to do with money and commerce or business.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Congress’s Expressed Powers of Money and Commerce

MONEY COMMERCE

Tax (90% of gov revenue)

Spend

Coin Money

Borrow Money

Set Bankruptcy Laws

Regulate Interstate Commerce

Regulate International Trade

Answer this question:

Do you think it would be a good thing for each state to create its own currency? Why?

Chapter 11 Section 3: Other Expressed Powers THE BIG IDEA: Congress has a number of major expressed powers that are not related to money and commerce.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Expressed Powers of Congress

EXPRESSED POWERS

(Excluding Money & Commerce)

Declare war

Raise and support an army and a

navy

Make naturalization

laws

Establish a postal system

Set up federal courts

Protect the works of writers

and inventors (copyrights and

patents)

Fix weights and measures

Acquire, manage, and sell federal

lands

Answer the questions using the Graph on the left.

What is the purpose of copyrights and patents?

What power of Congress ensures that a gallon measure is the same in each State?


Chapter 11 Section 4: The Implied Powers

THE BIG IDEA: The Necessary and Proper Clause led to massive expansion on Congress’s power.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: The Implied Powers of Congress

EXPRESSED POWER IMPLIES THE POWER

Answer the following questions using the chart above and after reading Ch 11 section 4.

What is the Necessary and Proper Clause?

What does doctrine mean?

From what power is the implied power to limit immigration drawn?

Answer this question after reading Chapter 11 Section 4:

Why is the Necessary and Proper Clause often called the “Elastic Clause”?

• to create tax laws and punish evaders

• to use tax revenues to fund welfare, public schools, health and housing programs

• to require States to meet certain conditions to qualify for federal funding to lay and collect taxes

•to establish the Federal Reserve System of banks

to borrow money

•to regulate and limit immigration

to establish naturalization law

•to draft Americans into the military

to raise armies and a navy

• to establish a minimum wage

• to ban discrimination in workplaces and public facilities

• to pass laws protecting the disabled

• to regulate banking

to regulate commerce

•to prohibit mail fraud and obstruction of the mails

•to bar the shipping of certain items through mails to establish post offices


Chapter 11 Section 5: The Non-legislative Powers THE BIG IDEA: Congress has a number 0f non-legislative power, including electoral, executive, and investigative powers.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Non-legislative Powers of Congress


What are the electoral powers of Congress?

Which power relates to Congress approving presidential appointments?

What is the Senate’s role in the impeachment power of Congress?

CONGRESS'S POWERS

Investigative

• Look into anything that falls within its scope

Amendments

• Propose amendments

•Call convention to propose amendments

Electoral

• Elect a President (House) and Vice President (Senate) if no winner in election

Impeachment

•Bring charges against federal officials (House)

• Try impeachment cases (Sentate)

Executive

•Give "advice and consent"

•Approve presidential appointments

•Approve treaties


CHAPTER

CONGRESS IN ACTION

Chapter 12 Section 1: Congressional Organizers THE BIG IDEA: Congress carefully organizes itself to get its complex job done.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Leadership in Congress

HOUSE SENATE

Presiding officer and party leader

Party officers

Presiding officers

Party officers

Answer the following questions from the Chart and Chapter 12 Section 1.

What is title of the person presiding over the House of Representatives?

Who runs the Senate if the Vice President is not there?

What are the duties of the Floor leaders?

What is the purpose of the party caucus?

Why do some people criticize the use of seniority rule in Congress?

SIDE NOTE: The House has to reorganize every term because new members taking their seats. Technically, it is possible to start every term in the House with all new members. The Senate only elects 1/3 of their members every term. So they do not need to reorganize how they conduct business. (Plus there is only 100 of them)

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Speaker of the House

Majority Floor Leader

Minority Floor leader

Majority Whip

Minority Whip

President of the Senate

President Pro Tempore

Majority Floor Leader

Minority Floor leader

Majority Whip

Minority Whip


Chapter 12 Section 2: Committees in Congress THE BIG IDEA: The Senate and the House both divide into committees to manage their business and decide which bills will receive attention.

COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING GRAPH: GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Committees of Congress

Standing Committees

Length Permanent

What does it do?

Specializes in one subject (Handles all bills related to that subject)

Examples

Select Committees

Length

What does it do?

Examples

-Select Committee on Aging (both houses) -Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities -House Committee on Agriculture

Joint Committees

Length Permanent or Temporary

What does it do?

Includes members of both houses (so the houses do not duplicate work)

Examples

Conference Committees

Length

What does it do?

Works out a compromise bill when the House and Senate have passed different versions of the same bill.

TYPES OF CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES


Chapter 12 Section 3: How a Bill Becomes a Law: The House THE BIG IDEA: A bill must move through reviews and committee hearings before it reaches the House floor; if passed it moves to the Senate.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Types of Bills and Resolutions


What is main difference between a joint resolution and a concurrent resolution?

Which type of bill applies to certain people or places?

In regarding to bills in Congress, what is a rider?

How many measures are introduced in the House and Senate during a term of Congress?

The Constitution states that bill for raising revenue must start in which house?

FUN FACT: The Readings of bills in Congress are a formality. Sometimes they don’t even read the entire bill. Back in the day they read the whole bill because some congressman couldn’t read. WHAT????????????????? Different times.

•a proposed Law

•a public bill applies to the entire nation

•a private bill applies only to certain people or places

Bill

•a proposal for some action that has the force of law when pass

•usually deals with special circumstances or temporary matters

Joint Resolution

•a statement of position on an issue

•adopted by the House and Senate acting jointly

•does not have the force of law

•does not require the President's signature

Concurrent Resolution

•a measure dealing with some matter in one house

•does not have the force of law

•does not require the President's signature Resolution


GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Possible Committee Actions on a Bill


Why does the House often use a Committee of the Whole to consider important measures?

What happens to a bill if it is rejected in committee?

What is the purpose of a discharge petition?

WRITE A PARAGRAPH (At least 4 sentences) Answer this question after looking at chart above reading Chapter 12 Section 3:

Do you think that committees in Congress are very powerful?

Ways a Committee May Treat

a Bill

Recommend that the bill be

passed

Report an amended bill,

with suggested changes

Vote to reject the bill

Substitute an entirely new

bill

Pigeonhole, or ignore, a bill


Chapter 12 Section 4: The Bill in the Senate THE BIG IDEA: Although the law-making process in the Senate is much like that in the House, debate in the Senate is largely unrestricted.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: How a Bill Becomes a Law


How many times does bill go through floor action?

Where does a bill go to resolve its differences between the two houses of Congress?

Explain how a filibuster is designed to work?

What is cloture, and why is it hard to achieve?

What is the effect of a President’s veto, and how can Congress respond?

Introduction of bill to House or Senate

Committee action

Floor action

Approved bill goes to the other house

Committee action

Floor action

To Conference Committee to

resolve differences

Both Houses of Congress Vote

Again

Approved bill goes to the President

If the President signs the bill it becomes law

If the President vetos the bill it can still become law if

2/3 of Congress votes to override the President


CHAPTER

THE PRESIDENCY

Chapter 13 Section 1: The President’s Job Description THE BIG IDEA: The President of the United States must perform eight different roles at the same time.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: The Roles of the President

Answer the following questions from the charts above.

Which presidential roles are not expressed in the Constitution?

In which role is the President involved with the legislative branch?

What does the president do as Chief of State?

Established by Constitution

Chief of State

•Ceremonial head of government

Chief Executive

•head of the executive branch

Chief Administrator

•manages the Federal Government

Chief Diplomat

•sets the nation's foreign policy

Commander in Chief

•direcly controls all U.S. military forces

Chief Legislator

•attemps to determine Congress's agenda & signs bills into law

Not Established by Constitution

Chief of Party

•unofficial head of his/her political party

Chief Citizen

•expected to work for and to represent the public interest

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FINISH THE CHARTS BELOW after reading Chapter 13 Section 1. GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Qualification for the President

Formal Qualifications for President

Age

Citizenship Born in U.S.

U.S. Residency Must live in U.S. past 14 years.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Term & Compensation for the President

Terms & Compensation

Maximum term length (22nd amendment)

Annual Salary

Annual expenses $50,000

Other job perks

Living in White House (132 room mansion on 18.3-acre estate)

Sizable office suite of offices with large staff

Fleet of automobiles

Air Force One, planes & helicopters

Camp David (resort hideaway)

Best health care available

Generous travel and entertainment funds

And more stuff too

Chapter 13 Section 2: Presidential Succession and the Vice Presidency THE BIG IDEA: If the President dies, resigns, or is removed from office, the Vice President succeeds to the presidency.

FUN FACT: The 25th Amendment is instructs us who will be president if he dies in office. Just in case there is some sort of mass assassinations we are all good. We have 18 people ready to president it up.


GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Presidential Succession

Answer the following questions from chapter 13 Section 2.

What is presidential disability? How is it decided?

What official duties does the Constitution assign to the Vice President?

FUN FACT: The President cannot fire the Vice President. No matter how much he or she may hate them.

Chapter 13 Section 3: Presidential Selection: The Framer’s Plan THE BIG IDEA: The Framers set up an electoral college to choose the President and Vice President, but the system changed quickly.

Vice President

Speaker of the House

President pro tempore of the Senate

Secretary of State

Secretary of the Treasury

Secretary of Defense

Attorney General

Secretary of the Interior

Secretary of Agriculture

Secretary of Commerce

Secretary of Labor

Secretary of Health and Human Services

Secretary of Housing and Urban Development

Secretary of Transportation

Secretary of Energy

Secretary of Education

Secretary of Veteran Affairs

Secretary of Homeland Security


FUN FACT: Our country was set up with most votes becoming President and second amount of votes becoming Vice President. Political Parties messed it up. The 12

th amendment changed this. Today people vote for a pair to be the country’s President and Vice

President.


Why were most of Framers opposed to choosing the President by popular vote?

Outline the original provisions for the electoral college.

In what 3 ways did the presidential election process changes as a result of the election of 1800?

What did the 12th amendment do?

Chapter 13 Section 4: Presidential Nominations THE BIG IDEA: Every four years, political parties officially select their presidential candidates at national conventions, following State primaries and party caucuses.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Selecting a Candidate for President

January Through June July & August

February Through June


At what four events may parties choose delegates to the national conventions?

At national conventions, each party adopts a platform. What is a platform?

Local Caucuses

District Conventions

State Conventions

Presidential Primaries

National Conventions

CAMPAIGN

Conventions have been used since 1932.


Chapter 13 Section 5: The Election THE BIG IDEA: On election day, voters choose the next president, but the election is not official until the members of the electoral college cast their ballots.

FINISH THE CHART BELOW after reading Chapter 13 Section 5. GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Flaws in the Electoral College

Three Major Defects in Electoral College

1st Defect

2nd Defect Electors are not required to vote in accord with the popular vote.

3rd Defect

FINISH THE CHART BELOW after reading Chapter 13 Section 5. GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Proposed Reforms to the Electoral College

Alternative Plan

Summary of Plan

The District

Plan

Electors would represent congressional districts and support the popular vote winner in the election.

The Proportional

Plan

Each candidate would receive the same share of the State’s electoral vote as he she received of its popular vote.

Direct Popular Election

The voters would directly elect the President.

The National Bonus Plan

Would add to the current system by giving “bonus” electoral votes to the popular vote winner.

Answer this question after based on the charts above. (4 sentences minimum)

Let’s say you had to pick one alternative plan to reform the Electoral College. Which plan would you choose? Why?


CHAPTER

THE PRESIDENCY IN ACTION

Chapter 14 Section 1: The Growth of Presidential Power THE BIG IDEA: The Constitution established the office of President, but debate about the extent of the office’s powers has continued throughout the nation’s history.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: The Growth of Presidential Power

Answer this question based on the chart above. (3 or 4 sentences required)

How have the American people encouraged the growth of presidential power?

The President stands as the single strong leader of the

executive branch.

Americans have looked to the President for leadership on

complex issues.

As commander in chief, the President has been asked to take decisive action in times

of national emergency.

Congress has granted the executive branch the

authority to carry out many of its laws and has thus

strengthened the presidency.

The President has used the mass media to capture public

attention.

EXPANDED PRESIDENTIAL

POWER

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Chapter 14 Section 2: The President’s Executive Power THE BIG IDEA: The President has great power to give orders, to decide how laws are carried out, and to appoint federal officials.

Complete the Graph by describing what the president actually does after reading Chapter 14 Section 2. GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Major Executive Powers


What is an executive order, and in what ways does it give the President great power?

What is the ordinance power, and where does the President get this power?

What officials does the President appoint?

What is the Senate’s role in the appointment process?

Should the President have the sole power to remove all officials he/she appoints?

The President has power to...

Executing the Law

The Ordiance Power

The Appointment Power

The Removal Power


Chapter 14 Section 3: Diplomats and Military Powers THE BIG IDEA: While the President shares various diplomatic and military powers with Congress, in some areas his or her power is unlimited.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: The Major Diplomatic and Military Powers of the President


What is a treaty?

What is the Senate’s role in treaties?

What is an executive agreement?

What is the presidential power of recognition referring to?

The War Powers Resolution limits the President’s commander in chief powers. List the resolution’s three central provisions:

MAJOR DIPLOMATIC

AND MILITARY POWERS OF THE

PRESIDENT

May make treaties with

other nations, with senatorial

approval

May make executive

agreements with the heads of other nations

May extend and withdraw

recognition of other countries

May send U.S. troops into

combat without congressional

authorization for 60 days


Chapter 14 Section 4: Legislative and Judicial Powers THE BIG IDEA: As part of the system of checks and balances, the Constitution gives the President important legislative and judicial powers.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: The President’s Major Legislative and Judicial Powers


What is a pardon?

What does commute a sentence mean?

What is amnesty?

Clemency refers to the President’s jurisdiction. What is clemency?

Answer this question based on this section. (4 sentences minimum)

Do you think the President should have all these judicial powers?

LEGISLATIVE POWERS JUDICIAL POWERS

May recommend legislation

May veto legislation with a regular veto or with a pocket veto

May allow a bill to become a law either with or without a signature

May grant a reprieve on a sentence

May grant a pardon for a crime

May commute the length of a sentence or the amount of a fine

May grant amnesty to a group of law violators


CHAPTER

GOVERNMENT AT WORK: THE BUREAUCRACY

Chapter 15 Section 1: The Federal Bureaucracy THE BIG IDEA: The Federal Bureaucracy, part of the executive branch, carries out most of the day-to-day work of the federal government.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: The Federal Bureaucracy


What is a bureaucracy?

List things that Federal employees do.

What are the three defining features of a bureaucracy in your own words?

Why does a government need an administration?

What is the difference between a staff agency and a line agency?

President

Executive Office of the

President

Cabinet Departments

•Agency/Administration: Single administrator; Near-Cabinet status

•Authority/Corporation: Regulates business activities; investiagates or advises

•Commission: Board and manager; business-like activities

Independent Agencies

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Chapter 15 Section 2: The Executive Office of the President (EOP) THE BIG IDEA: The Executive Office of the President includes both advisors and agencies that work closely with the President.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Executive Office of the President (These are only some of the offices)

Executive Office of the President Office What does it do?

The White House Office

National Security Council

Advises president in all domestic, foreign, and military matters that relate to the nation’s security

President chairs, also has vice president, the secretary of defense, the secretary of state, the CIA director, and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

National security advisor (president assistant of national security affairs) directs a small staff of foreign and military policy experts

Office Management and Budget

headed by director confirmed by senate

Prepares the federal budget

Monitors the spending of the funds Congress appropriates (oversees the execution of the budget)

Studies the organization and management of the executive branch

Checks and clears agencies stands on all legislative to make sure they meet the president’s policy positions

Help President prepare executive orders and veto messages

Council of Economic Advisers

Office of National Drug Control Policy

Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives


Outline the preparation of the federal budget.


Chapter 15 Section 3: The Executive Departments THE BIG IDEA: Fifteen executive departments, each headed by a cabinet member, carry out most of the Federal Government’s work.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: The Executive Departments


How many departments are there?

What is the role of the secretary of an executive branch?

Which department do you think is the most important?

Which department do you think is the least important?

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS

Department of Transportation

Department of Energy

Department of Education

Department of State

Department of Veterans

Affairs

Department of the

Treasury

Department of Defense

Department of Homeland

Secuirty

Department of Justice

Department of the

Interior

Department of Agriculture

Department of Commerce

Department of Labor

Department of Health and

Human Services

Department of Housing and Urban

Development


Chapter 15 Section 4: Independent Agencies THE BIG IDEA: A number of independent agencies work outside the framework of the executive branch.

FINISH THIS CHART: (Chapter 15 Section 4) GRAPHIC SUMMARY: The Three Types of Independent Agencies

INDEPENDENT AGENCIES

TYPE OF AGENCY FUNCTIONS EXAMPLES

Independent Executive Agencies

Function much like Cabinet departments

They don’t have cabinet status

Independent Regulatory

Commissions

Federal Reserve System

Federal Communications Commission

Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Government Corporations

Carry out business-like activates


List the 3 reasons why independent agencies operate outside the executive departments. Do you think agree with these reasons?


Chapter 15 Section 5: The Civil Service THE BIG IDEA: Most of the people who work for the Federal Government are members of the civil service and are hired and promoted based on their job performance.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: The Reform of the Civil Service


Do you like the reforms made regarding the Civil Service?

FUN FACT: 1881 President James Garfield was assassinated by a disappointed office seeker. Congress soon passed the Civil Service Act of 1883 (or Pendleton Act) which laid the foundation for the present civil service system.

Before Civil Service Legislation

• Government officials give jobs and favors to friends and supporters

• Created an inefficient and corrupt system of government

After Civil Service Legislation

• Government workers are hired based on examination.

• Promotions are given on merit.

• The competitive nature of this sytem allows for higher quality of work.


CHAPTER

THE FEDERAL COURT SYSTEM

Chapter 18 Section 1: The National Judiciary THE BIG IDEA: The Constitution outlines the structure of the federal judiciary, the jurisdiction of the courts, and the functions of federal judges.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Type of Court Jurisdiction


What is the difference between a constitutional court and a special court (legislative court)? (pg 507)

What is jurisdiction?

Give an example of a case that would fall under exclusive jurisdiction.

What is appellate jurisdiction?

What type of jurisdiction does the Supreme Court have?

Who nominates federal judges?

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State

Jurisdiction Concurrent Jurisdiction

Federal Jurisdiction


Chapter 18 Section 2: The Inferior Courts THE BIG IDEA: Most federal cases are tried in the inferior courts- those under the Supreme Court.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: How Federal Cases are Appealed (Simple Version)


Give three examples of different types of criminal cases.

Give three examples of different types of civil cases.

What is a docket?

Why did Congress create the courts of appeals? (pg. 513)

Look at the map on page 513. What circuit is Nevada located in?

Look at the map on page 513. How many districts are in Nevada?

FUN FACT: There are 94 U.S. District Courts. They handle more than 300,000 cases a year which is 80% of the federal caseload. (80% of federal cases are handled by these inferior courts, they don’t sound inferior. Am I right?)

U.S. SUPREME COURT

12 U.S. Courts fo Appeals

94 District Courts

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

U.S. Court of International

Trade


Chapter 18 Section 3: The Supreme Court THE BIG IDEA: The Supreme Court stands as the final authority on all issues pertaining to federal law.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: How Cases Travel Through the Supreme Court


How does a case that reaches the Supreme Court by certificate do so?

How does a writ of certiorari differ from a certificate?

What is precedent?

How many court cases does the Supreme Court decide per year (about)?

What is the difference between a concurring opinion and a dissenting opinion?

HOW A CASE REACHES THE

SUPREME COURT

•by writ of certiorari: The Supreme Court orders a lower court to send it a case's record.

•by certificate: A lower court asks the Supreme Court to certify a matter's answer.

•by orgination: If a State or a diplomat is involved.

HOW THE SUPREME COURT RULES ON

THE CASE

•Both sides send in breifs.

•Both sides present oral arguments.

• Justices vote and write a majority opinion.


Chapter 18 Section 4: The Special Courts THE BIG IDEA: The special courts handle cases that are outside the mainstream judicial system.

GRAPHIC SUMMARY: The Special Courts

Answer the following questions from the chart and chapter 18 Section 4.

Who created the Special Courts (or legislative courts)?

Which special court would hear an appeal from a court-martial?

Read Military Commission section that starts on page 525. (Write 3 sentences minimum)

Do you agree with the creation and use of military commissions?

Court of Federal Claims

Suits against the United States

Territorial Court Cases in U.S. territories

District of Columbia Court

Cases in the District of Columbia

Court of Appeals for the Armed forces

Appeals from court-martial

Court-martial Violations of military law

Court of Appeals for

Veterans Claims Veteran's benefits

Tax Court Civil cases involving tax law

Legislative Court Jurisdiction

10 congress - i've been meenan to tell...

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