1 what do people get addicted to?. 2 addiction 3 addiction video teenage brain chemistry article

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• What do people get addicted to?

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ADDICTIONADDICTION

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• Addiction video

• Teenage Brain chemistry article

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How it all starts• Addiction usually starts when a person does

something he or she thinks will bring pleasure or help avoid pain. He or she becomes increasingly dependent on the behavior, as tolerance develops-the person needs more of the desired behavior to feel the same effect.

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And then…….

• Any substance OR activity that becomes the focus of a person’s life at the expense of other needs and interests can be damaging to health.

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THE ADDICTION CYCLE

• Tolerance- needing more and more to reach the same effect

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Psychological Dependence

• a condition in which a person believes that a substance is needed in order to feel good or to function normally.

• Psychological signals:• use of drugs or alcohol as a way to forget problems or to relax • withdrawal or keeping secrets from family and friends • loss of interest in activities that used to be important • problems with schoolwork, such as slipping grades or absences • changes in friendships, such as hanging out only with friends who

use drugs • spending a lot of time figuring out how to get drugs • stealing or selling belongings to be able to afford drugs • failed attempts to stop taking drugs or drinking • anxiety, anger, or depression • mood swings

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Physiological Dependence

• a condition in which the user has a chemical need for the substance.

• Physical signals:• changes in sleeping habits • feeling shaky or sick when trying to stop • needing to take more of the substance to get the

same effect • changes in eating habits, including weight loss or

gain

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• Addiction can be psychological or physiological.

• Withdrawal - may occur when a person stops using the drug on which he or she can become dependent on.

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Addictive Behaviors

Habits that have gotten out of control, with a resulting negative impact on a person’s life.

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5 CHARACTERISTICS OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS

1. Reinforcement- some aspects of the behavior produce pleasurable physical and/or emotional states or relieve negative ones to reinforce the behavior.

2. Compulsion or Craving -individual feels a strong compulsion-compelling need to engage in the behavior, often accompanied by obsessive planning for the next opportunity to perform it.

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3. Loss of Control- individual loses control over the behavior and cannot block the impulse to engage in it. He or she may deny that the behavior is problematic or may have tried but failed to control it.

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4. Escalation- more and more of a particular substance or activity is required to produce its desired effects.

5. Negative Consequences- problems with academic or job performance , personal relationships, and health.

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• Teenagers responses stay at the limbic system while adults move to the prefrontal cortex.

• Emotional (E) = Limbic• Intellectual (I) = Pre-Frontal Cortex

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Paying to Die: TobaccoIt’s Your Choice!

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Think Quick!

Most people know that using tobacco is

harmful. Why do you think some people

continue to use tobacco products?

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The Surgeon General states,

“Tobacco use, particularly smoking, is the number one cause of

preventable disease and death in the United States.”

~Richard H. Carmona, M.D., M.P.H., FACS — U.S. Surgeon General

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What You Need To Know!

• An estimated 443,000 Americans die each year prematurely from diseases caused by smoking.

• Each day, nearly 6,000 children under 18 years of age start smoking; of these, nearly 2,000 will become regular smokers.

• Approximately 90 percent of smokers begin smoking before the age of 21. They will become lifelong customers of the TOBACCO companies!

• At current rates, an estimated 6.4 million children will die prematurely from a smoking-related disease.

• Of adolescents who have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime, most of them report that they would like to quit, but are not able to do so.

~American Lung Association, Adolescent Smoking Statistics, November 2003

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Amazing statistic!!!

• Each year, smoking kills more people than AIDS, alcohol, drug abuse, car crashes, murders, suicides, and fires . . . combined.

• 23% of high school students are smokers (28.9% PA) – CDC 2009

• 46 million adults in the U.S. smoke

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What’s in a Cigarette?

• With each puff of a cigarette you experience:1. Nicotine- addictive drug found in tobacco

• Stimulant– Speeds up the Central Nervous system

– Increases heart rate

– Raises blood pressure

• Vasoconstrictor

• Nicotine is associated with

Heart Disease and Stroke

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• Effects of smoking on the body

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Nicotine (Continued)• – in a pure form, is one of the most

addictive drugs known to man and is habit forming

• After nicotine enters the lungs, it is absorbed immediately into the bloodstream and within 8 seconds reaches the brain

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What’s in a cigarette?

• First time users have no tolerance to nicotine and will experience a racing heart, sweating, nausea, and dizziness

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• Nicotine – eventually smokers will build up a tolerance to nicotine and their bodies will become physically dependent on it.

• When smokers attempt to quit they will experience:

1. Headaches 2. irritability

3. Restlessness 4. feelings of illness

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What’s in a Cigarette?• With each puff of a cigarette

you experience:2. Carbon Monoxide-

colorless, odorless, poisonous gas

– When carbon monoxide is inhaled, it attaches itself to the hemoglobin in your red blood cells. This prevents oxygen from joining up with the hemoglobin which causes shortness of breath –

– Anoxia – decreases oxygen level in the body

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• Carbon Monoxide increased risk for High Blood Pressure, Heart Disease and Arteriosclerosis

• Carbon Monoxide is commonly found in the exhaust from cars.

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What’s in a Cigarette?

• With each puff of a cigarette you experience:

3. Tar: Thick, sticky dark fluid produced when tobacco burns

• Tar enters respiratory system causing problems

• Upper Respiratory System (Trachea)– Destroys cilia

– Cilia - Tiny hair like projections that move mucus and debris out of respiratory system

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• (Tar con’t.)• Lower Respiratory System (Lungs and

Alveoli)– Tar binds to lung tissue keeping it

from moving normally– Tar binds to alveoli blocking exchange

of oxygen and carbon monoxide– Tar also contains carcinogens (cancer

causing products) that are linked to cancer of the mouth, lung and throat.

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4. Carcinogens- cancer causing agents– In addition to Nicotine, Carbon Monoxide and

Tar, tobacco contains around 50 carcinogens.

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Pipe and Cigar Tobacco

• Just like cigarettes, pipes and cigars cause problems.• Cigars contain more nicotine and produce more tar and

CO than cigarettes.• Increased risk of Lip, Mouth and Throat cancers

1 cigar = 1 pack of cigarettes (Nicotine)

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Smokeless Tobacco

Chewing Tobacco• Tobacco that is cut into strips

and chewed or stored in mouth• Contains nicotine

– Absorbed through mucous membranes in mouth

• Contains 28 carcinogens• 2-3x as much

nicotine/carcinogens are absorbed due to storing in mouth

• Leukoplakia - pre-cancer white spots inside the mouth

Snuff• Tobacco that is ground up into

fine grits and is snorted though the nose

• Contains nicotine

– Absorbed through mucous membranes in nose

• Contains 28 carcinogens

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Long-Term Effect of Tobacco Use

1. Cardiovascular disease – is a disease of the heart and blood vessels.

• The chemicals of tobacco force the heart to work harder to deliver oxygen to the body. Therefore, the smoker is at a higher risk of the following:

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Long-term effects

(1)High blood pressure (2)Heart attack – a smoker is three

times more likely to suffer from a heart attack than a non smoker

(3)A heart attack is 5 to 10 times more likely to kill a smoker than a nonsmoker

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Long term effects

2. Respiratory diseaseSo just what is “smoker’s cough”???

As tar destroys cilia, dust particles and mucus accumulate in the air passages, causing the smoker to cough to try to clean out the air

passages.

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Long Term effects

• When coughing can no longer keep the air passages clear, the smoker

eventually develops:a. Chronic Bronchitis – the bronchial tubes

are swollen and clogged with mucus. People with this disease have a hard time filling their lungs with air.

There is no cure for this disease

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Long term effects

b. Emphysema –is a breathing disorder in which the small sacs in the lungs lose their elasticity

• Air sacs in your body resemble tiny balloons that no amount of puffing will fill those sacs up when one has emphysema

• A person with this disease cannot rid this body of carbon monoxide

• Damage done to the lungs from emphysema cannot be reversed or improved.

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Long term effects

3. Cancer – tobacco use is a major factor in developing certain cancers

• Lung cancer – one of the most deadly form of cancer. 87% of deaths related to lung cancer are related to smoking.

• Oral cancers – cancer of the mouth , throat, and tongue

• Leukoplakia – small painless sores in the mouth can be a first indicator of possible mouth cancer

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Secondhand Smoke

• Mainstream Smoke-

Exhaled smoke

• Sidestream Smoke-

Smoke coming off the end of the cigarette

Statistics

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Passive smoking

• Nonsmokers who involuntarily breath side stream smoke become passive smokers

• There is twice as much tar and nicotine in side stream smoke as in mainstream smoke

• Side-stream smoke contains three times as much CO as mainstream smoke

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Tobacco use and pregnancy

Chemicals can pass directly from the mother to the fetus which can result in:

• Increased heart rate• Low birth rate• Slow mental development• Miscarriages or still births• Nursing mothers can pass nicotine to

the infant from breast milk

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Passive smoking

• Each year passive smoking contributes to 150,000 to 300,000 cases of bronchitis and pneumonia in babies and triggers 8,000 to 26,000 new cases of asthma in previously unaffected children

• Asthma and other allergies are often made worse in the presence of tobacco smoke

• Long-term exposure to other people’s smoke increases your risk of heart disease and lung cancer.

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Smoking and the Body

• Tobacco products can cause damage to many body systems.

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Stroke

• Clot in the brain (Kills brain tissue)

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Cataracts

• Opaque covering over the eye

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Mouth and Throat

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Lung Cancer

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Coronary Heart Disease

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Atherosclerosis

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• On top is a picture of severe cancer of the larynx, which has surfaced on his neck and spread to his lymph glands. Most laryngeal cancers begin near the vocal cords, causing hoarseness or other changes in the voice.

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Resource

• All pictures were taken from the Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking Tobacco

• http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/sgr_2004/sgranimation/welcome.html

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Tobacco Affects All Areas of Life

• Mental Health: impairs ability to concentrate and relax.

• Family and Social Health: Smoke can hurt others that are in the room– People may not want to hang out (Smell or look)

• Growth & Development: Women who smoke have LBW babies.

• Nutrition: Impairs your sense of taste.• Exercise and Fitness: Decreased Cardiovascular

endurance.

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• Drugs: Produces physical and psychological dependence.• Disease and Disorders: Increased risk of heart and lung

disease.• Personal Health: Teeth turn yellow, fingers turn yellow,

breath smells.• Safety and First Aid: Major cause of home fires (smoking in

bed)• Environmental Health: Major source of indoor pollution.• Legally Implications: Selling to or buying tobacco under 18

is illegal• Financial Implications: Very costly• Joe Chemo

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The “TRUE” Cost of Smoking

THE “TRUE” COST OF SMOKING

•Every time you smoke a cigarette, you are paying with your life.

1 Cigarette= 11 minutes of life

1 Pack of Cigarettes = 3 hours 40 minutes

1 Carton of Cigarettes = 1.5 days

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CHANGES IN A SMOKER’S BODY AFTER QUITTING

Within 20 minutes of last cig:• Bl. Pressure and pulse rate return to

normal• Body temp. of hands and feet

increase to normal8 hours:• Carbon monoxide level in blood

drops to normal• Oxygen level in blood increases to

normal1 day:• Chance of heart attack decreases2 days:• Ability to smell and taste improves3 days:• Bronchial tubes relax• Lung capacity increases

2 weeks to 3 months:• Circulation improves• Walking becomes easier• Lung function increases up to 30%1 - 9 months:• Coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue,

shortness of breath decrease• Cilia re-grow, increasing ability to

handle mucus, thus reducing risk of infection

• Body’s overall energy level increases5 years:• Risk of developing lung cancer or

coronary heart disease decreases dramatically

10 Years:• precancerous cells are replaced• Risk of developing lung cancer is

nearly the same as for a nonsmoker

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Preparing to quit

• Know why you want to quit. Many smokers find it helpful to write down the top five reasons they want to quit smoking, and to keep this list in their wallet (with photos of the people they love) as a reminder in case they are tempted to smoke.

• Set a quit date within the next 2 weeks. Try to set a quit date when life stresses are relatively low. Then let as many people as possible know that you are quitting, that you may be irritable or distracted for awhile, and that you prefer others not to smoke in your presence or offer you cigarettes.

• Avoid smoking in your regular places. If you normally smoke after meals, when talking on the phone, or while driving a car, try not to smoke in these situations. That way, these associations will be less powerful when you quit.

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• Assemble a "quitting team." See if you can enlist the active support of a few key friends, family members, and coworkers. Ideally, your team should include at least one ex-smoker who knows what it's like to quit and can help if needed.

• Stock up on smoking substitutes. Before you quit, buy goodies such as chewing gum, sugarless candy, cinnamon sticks, and flavored toothpicks. These products can serve as temporary substitutes when you have the urge to smoke.

• Figure out how to say no. Decide what you will say to friends, family members, or others if they offer you a cigarette. Ironically, most relapse cigarettes are offered by friends.

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Once You're Ready to Quit

• Consider using nicotine replacement therapy. If you are physically addicted to tobacco, nicotine replacement therapy can double your chances of quitting successfully. Ask your doctor for further details.

• Throw out all smoking materials. Get rid of all tobacco, matches, lighters, and ashtrays. Be very thorough so that you aren't tempted later by discovering leftover cigarettes in a drawer, suitcase pocket, glove compartment, or clothing.

• Stop smoking completely. Studies show that smokers who quit "cold turkey" do better than smokers who try to gradually taper off their use of cigarettes.

• Drink decaffeinated beverages. Quitting slows down your metabolism, which means that caffeinated coffee and soft drinks will make you more jittery than usual (and more likely to crave cigarettes). To flush nicotine from your system, drink lots of fruit juice or water.

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• Avoid drinking alcohol. Alcohol poses a double threat to quitting smokers: it serves as a cue to smoke (due to previous associations), and it impairs judgment. To stay smokefree, it's best to avoid alcohol for at least two months.

• Stay away from smokers. This tip is easier said than done, but it is very important. If you live or work with smokers, see whether they're willing to refrain from smoking when you're around.

• Use relaxation techniques. When you're feeling tense, try taking several deep breaths and relaxing your muscles. If you're feeling the urge to smoke, silently repeat to yourself, "This urge will pass, whether or not I smoke." Most nicotine cravings subside within 5-10 minutes.

• Don't worry about weight gain. When people quit smoking, they usually gain a few pounds. If this change in weight bothers you, see What About Weight Gain?

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North Allegheny’s Most Wanted

• Your task is to design a wanted poster for the chemicals in cigarettes.

• Refer to and include the following for the wanted poster:– Past crimes (Diseases or problems associated with it)– Current location (Where it is found)– Potential to be dangerous (What it can do to the body)– Reward for their expulsion or capture (Benefits of quitting

or abstaining from cigarettes)

• Include a creative diagram and design a poster that illustrates the scientific facts abut the chemicals.

1 what do people get addicted to?. 2 addiction 3 addiction video teenage brain chemistry article

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