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Unit OneRenaissance

End of Feudalism and the Beginning of the Renaissance

UNIT ONE-RENAISSANCE

End of Feudalism and the Beginning of the Renaissance

�What was secularism? Manorialism? Feudalism?

�Which minority was persecuted during the Middle Ages? Why?

�What do flagellants do and WHY?

�How does Nationalism and how does it start? (Concentrate on the economic reason)

�What is a guild?

�Analyze how the Hundred Years’ War, Black Plague, and the Great Schism led to the Renaissance

Content Check #2

�On a scrap piece of paper, list as many art techniques as you can.

�Next, identify at least one piece of art and its artist for each technique you can remember

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�Check your answers when you’re done.

An Overview

� Crisis of the Late Middle Ages

New Material

� Renaissance: Recovery & Rediscovery

� Recovery: Europe following the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages

�Political, Economic and Social Changes

� Rediscovery: The Return of Classical Learning

� Italian Renaissance: Why Italy?

�Economic, political and social structure of Italian city-states

�The Major Players and Achievements

�Northern Renaissance: How did it compare?

�The Major Players and Achievements

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Crisis of the Late Middle Ages1350-1450

Famine, Plague, War, Economic Crisis

And the Decline of the Church

Famine

� “______________” brought torrential rains

�Severe weather damaged crops 1325-1322, causing the “________________”

�Poor nutrition increased susceptibility to __________

�Price controls could not stop inflation

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�The starving attacked _____, lepers and the wealthy as ___________

Black Death

�Arrived in Italy in 1347 from Asia

�Generated in humans from fleas on rats, most common in cities, which were havens for disease

�Single boil was followed by bleeding under the skin, vomit, then death

�1/3 of the population died

� Jews attacked again

_____________ of the Plague

�More inflation will occur

�As labor became expensive, ______________ over wages. Overall it benefited workers and artisans, especially those in guilds

�Many _______ will die of the plague, encouraging the endowment of new colleges

�The plague caused _________ in the Church, as well as fanaticism (anti-Semitism and

“_____________”)

�A morbid obsession with death will haunt art and literature

– Psychology of the Black Death

�Blaming of certain groups- Jews

�Pessimism across Europe

�Artist Obsession with death

�Flagellantism

–Religious Fervor

–Disease from god to punish man of sins (The Great Flood)

The Hundred Years’ War

�Started as a dispute over inherited land claims between the ______ and _________ monarchies

� Fought primarily in France

�England will be the early winner due to the _______________________

� French troops will rally around _____________, changing the course of the war

� Joan of Arc will be caught by English allies of France and burned at the _______, but the spirit she endowed in the troops will lead to victory

�The Hundred Years War 1337-1453

– France vs. England

– Causes

�Edward III of England claims the French Throne

�Was the grandson of King Phillip the Fair of France

�Seized Aquitaine in 1337

�French Barons backed Edwards claim

–Wanted to go against the French king who was trying to centralize rule

�Flemish supporters backed Edwards claim

�French and English saw war as a way to avoid internal social problems

Consequences of the War

� “___________” (intense feeling of national pride and unity) begins to take root

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�Economies of both will suffer, leading to further taxes on _______. Parliament will _____ power in England, the Estates General will _____ power in France as a result of _______

methods

�England will lose all French land possessions, except _________

�Most importantly, the move toward a strong centralized, hereditary monarchy will begin to

replace the notion of a “_________” order

Decline of Church Prestige

�__________________ – 1309-1376, the Papacy was moved to Avignon, France and made

a puppet of the monarchy

�Shortly after its return to Rome, an Italian Pope was chosen – Urban VI

�Urban VI was a ruthless reformer, and the Cardinals ____________ French Pope Clement

VII

�As Kings lined up behind one pope or the other, common folk became confused and the

Churches prestige was further weakened (_________________________)

� Life in the Middle Ages (14th and 15th Centuries)

– Relationships between nobility and peasants

– Marriage and Family

�16 to 18 years for women later for men

�The oldest profession aka ________________

�Marriage usually governed by _________ factors

�__________ did not exist

�Church regulations were not usually followed

– Life in the Parish

� Increased _____ management because of church crisis

�Center of life in Middle ages

� Increase in ________

�Widespread drunkenness and violence

�Bull Baiting and Bear Baiting Sports

�Execution of William Wallace

The Renaissance

1450 (or so) - 1550

Recovery & Rediscovery Reformation & Reconciliation

Recovery

Population: Substantial population growth in the late fifteenth – sixteenth centuries due to

______________________________, more land being farmed and new crops introduced from America. By _____ it had reached pre-plague levels

Economics: As the populations grew, the economy revived. A money economy will develop again along with the availability of credit. Wealthy ________________ will gain power and

prestige throughout Europe. Manufacturing will also grow.

Socially: Famine, plague and war gave survivors a new meaning of life. They began to celebrate life, and question the church.

Rediscovery

�Writers and artists began to express their new view on life and the __________________

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allowed for a revival in education and the availability of texts

�Many were influenced by Greco-Roman _____________ preserved by Muslim and Byzantine scholars. Western Europeans came in contact with them through travel, trade

and “crusade”.

�The new art and literature focused more on _________ than religious themes, and

expressed the Renaissance intellectual movement known as “____________” which

emphasized the individual.

�Artists and sculptors will pay more attention to perspective and realistic styles, common in

Greco-Roman art

Secularism and Humanism

�Secularism focused the worldly rather than the spiritual (on the here and now versus the

“forever after”). _______________________, not just endured.

�Humanism – a movement in which scholars studied the classics which emphasized individualism. Individualism stressed the full development of ___________________ and

glorification of human achievement

� In what ways are these ideas expressed in Greek art and literature? You will find those

common themes in the Renaissance

“New” (?) Techniques

�Medieval art

– Egg tempera and woodcarvings were common

– _______, no perspective

– Symbolic

– Religious

- clothed/censored

- Unrealistic

- Sculpture “bas relief”

- Gothic Architecture (flying buttresses, stained glass)

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�Renaissance art

– ___________, oil paintings

– _________________

– Lifelike

– Religious and ________ themes

– Free-standing sculpture

– Greco-Roman (you know, columns and stuff) and Dome architecture

Content Check #2

�On a scrap piece of paper, list as many art techniques as you can.

�Next, identify at least one piece of art and its artist for each technique you can remember

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�Check your answers when you’re done.

Content Check #3

�Define vernacular. How does it represent the Humanism movement? Give examples including books/writings.

�What is the political setup of the Italian City-State and why were they city-states not one

country?

�Why does Italy become THE center of the Renaissance? Why does it begin in Italy?

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Literature

�Middle Ages

– __________, law, history were dominant themes

– Wrote mostly in ______

– Legendary themes on the feats of knights

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�Renaissance

– First modern writers (Humanists)

– Wrote in the ___________

– Sonnets, biographies

– __________ tales, political and social themes

The Renaissance Man and Woman

Pg. 391 in textbook

�Men

– Charming, witty

– Well-educated, especially in the classics

– Talented in the arts

– Talented in warfare skills (riding, wrestling, fencing)

– Collectively called “virtu”

– Example: Leonardo da Vinci

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�Women

– Charming

– Educated in the classics

– Inspire and be a patron of (not necessarily create) art

– Example: Catherine Medici

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Breaking Out of the Mold: Christine de Pizan

The Book of the City of Ladies

Thoughts____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________

�______________Literature

– Dante’s Divine Comedy a symbolic pilgrimage through hell, purgatory, and paradise to God

�_____________________________________________

�Tension that existed between church and people

– Canterbury Tales- journey to shrine in England

�________ and worldly views

�People in England the Church

�The Black Death

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�Geoffrey ________ 1312-1400

– Desiderius Erasmus was a Christian humanist from Holland

�Believed in Christianity of the heart not of ____________________

�Wrote ____________________ which poked fun at:

–Priest, Merchants, Scholars, and Heartsick Lovers

�Believed ___________ should study the Bible

�Always said he was not directly attacking the institution of the Roman Catholic Church

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The City-States of Italy

�Politically

– Usually principalities or __________ with constitutional oligarchies dominated by

wealthy, powerful families

�Economically

– Were economically successful due to their ____________________ as a point of

exchange between east and west. Printing and textile manufacturing were also profitable.

– Development of ________________ in the 14th century helped finance trade and commerce, which will revive along with the population following the Black Plague

�Socially

– Merchant capitalism eroded the ___________ of the nobility

– _________people included elite, nobles, wealthy merchants and manufacturers

– The “middle people” included ________________________________

– “Little People” made up the bulk of the population and included everyone else

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Why Italy?

� Italy had many cities – cities were places where ___________ and ___________ are exchanged

� Italy had a strong _________ and banking class with a lot of power and money who were

“___________________”. This class supported the idea of Humanism (individual achievement v. nobility)

�Artists and scholars were inspired by what was around them (remnants of the past)

Major Places

� Florence – wealthiest city

– Textiles and printing

– The ‘____________” became the standard for coins

– Wealthy banking industry

�Venice and Genoa

– Also banking cities

– Shipbuilding and insurance

– ___________ to Constantinople and Asian land routes

�Rome – home of the Vatican and ________

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– Money brought in from ________

– Tourism to the holy city boost the economy

Major Players

�Architecture

– Brunelleschi

�Sculpture and Art

– ___________

– ___________

– ___________

– ___________

– Gentileschi

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� Literature

– ___________

– Boccaccio

– __________

– Castiglione

– Mirandola

– __________

�Patrons

– __________

–___________

– D’Este

Content Check #3

�Define vernacular. How does it represent the Humanism movement? Give examples including books/writings.

�What is the political setup of the Italian City-State and why were they city-states not one country?

�Why does Italy become THE center of the Renaissance? Why does it begin in Italy?

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Content Check #4

� Identify the characteristics of Northern Renaissance. (include what makes them different

from Italy)

�What is the North’s relationship with God? Explain

�Who are the major Northern Renaissance people?

�Compare the Italian vs Northern Writers. Use the handouts given and assigned questions to complete this task.

�To what extent and in what ways did women participate in the Renaissance? Give specific

examples to support your analysis

Northern Renaissance

Where:

_________________________________________________________________________________

Why Northern Europe?

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�Cities and population grew rapidly after the plague and war years

� It started in ____________, where the economy was strong due to the _______ industry

and long distance trade

� In England and France, growing monarchies were patrons of the arts – in Northern Europe, it will be your ______________ with A LOT of money

� In 1494, War with France began and many Italian artists and writers fled to safer parts of Europe

What Makes It Special?

�_____________ - Christian Humanists sought to combine Humanism with a deep Christian faith. They urged devotion to God, however they also encouraged Church reform and

social justice

�_________________ was developed, although there are few sculptures

�Artistic themes _______________, as well as ___________ portraits. Although religious

faith was stronger in the North, religion was _________ a common theme

�Playwrights such as __________________________ will write with a deep understanding

of human nature and express themes people can still relate to today EX:

_______________________________

�The church was ________ a major patron of the arts, although many monarchs will be

(Who was again? Just said who _______)

Major Players

�Patrons

– Fuggers

– ___________

�Artists

– Durer

– ___________

– ___________

– ___________

– Vermeer

– ___________

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�Writers

– ____________

– ____________

– Rabelais

– ____________

– Shakespeare

� Inventors

– ____________

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Content Check #4

� Identify the characteristics of Northern Renaissance. (include what makes them different

from Italy)

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�What is the North’s relationship with God? Explain

�Who are the major Northern Renaissance people?

�Compare the Italian vs Northern Writers. Use the handouts given and assigned questions to complete this task.

�To what extent and in what ways did women participate in the Renaissance? Give specific

examples to support your analysis

Renaissance Legacy

1. _________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

2. Dignity of the ___________ prompted democratic ideals

3. Greco-Roman classical styles were reborn

4. _________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________

5. __________________focused on ____________ achievement

6. Christian Humanists fostered reform in religion, politics and the church

New Symbols

�Dog

�Mirror

�Candle

� Fur lined collars

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�Apple

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