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Pertemuan 01Kabel

Matakuliah : H0451/Praktikum Jaringan Komputer

Tahun : 2006

Versi : 1/0

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Learning Outcomes

Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu :

• Membuat kabel untuk jaringan komputer

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Outline Materi

• Macam Kabel

• Kabel UTP

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Cables

Twisted Pair• The type depends on:

– no. of pairs– no. of twists per unit length– gauge of the wire– type of insulation

• Shielded Twisted Pair (STP):– expensive– higher data rate– easy to work with

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• Un-shielded Twisted Pair (UTP):– low cost– lower data rate– limited length– easy installation– flexible configuration (when star wired)– supports many LANs and voice

communication in the same cable type– easy fault isolation

Cables

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• UTP Categories:– Category 3

• Up to 16 Mbps• used for 10baseT Ethernet & 4 Mbps

Token Ring– Category 4

• Up to 20 Mbps• used for 16 Mbps Token Ring

– Category 5• Up to 100 Mbps• 100baseT Ethernet

Cables

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Other LAN Media• Infrared

• modulated infrared signals passed through open space

• Laser beam• modulated laser beams passed through

open space• Microwave

• high frequency radio waves passed by line of sight transceivers

• Radio• earlier low speeds (9.6 - 230 kbps) - now 2-

10 Mbps• used for mobile LAN stations when cabling

is not possible

Media

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Connectors

• UTP:– RJ-11 (6 pins)– RJ-45 (8 pins)

• pin-outs will differ according to LAN type• Thin Coaxial(10base2):

– BNC (BayoNet Connector)– Terminator 50

• Thick Ethernet (10base5)– Transceiver– Attachment Unit Interface(AUI) < 50

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Interfaces

• AUI – Attachment Unit InterfaceMedium independent attachment for 10 Mbps media systems

• MAU – Medium Attachment Unit• MDI – Medium Dependent Interface• MII – Medium Independent Interface• GMII – Gigabit Medium Independent Interface• TBI – Gigabit Ten-Bit Interface

To accommodate 8B/10B signal encoding in Gigabit Ethernet if 1000 BASE X is used

• GBIC – Gigabit Interface ConverterHot swappableMedia signaling components are contained

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Baseband Cable Types

• UTP – 10 BASE T– Voice grade cabling– RJ-45 jack used– 100m maximum– 300mV signal squelch level (to eliminate cross

talk signals)• but after 100m, due to attenuation, data

signals also will go below this– 100 impedance (in some implementations 120

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• 100 BASE T– unshielded or shielded (for Token Ring)

twisted pair– 100m, 100, RJ-45 jack– 40 pin MII connector also may be used

with an external transceiver (not commonly used)

– data is scrambled to eliminate electro-magnetic effects

Baseband Cable Types

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• 100 BASE FX– 40 pin MII may be used– if transceiver is built-in, fibre optic can

be directly connected– Non-Return-to-Zero, Invert-on-Ones

(NRZI) encoding is used– Peek optical transmission power is 200-

400 W for 62.5/125 m fibre– No data scrambling needed– Two strands of multi-mode fibre optics

are used for Tx and Rx

Baseband Cable Types

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• 1000 BASE T– Gigabit Ethernet twisted pair– UTP all 4 pairs are used – requires CAT-5 or higher quality

cables– Each pair has Tx and Rx wires (total of four Tx and four Rx

wires in a cable)• hence total of 8bit at a time• 125 Mbaud achieves 1000 Mbps

– A combination of signaling and encoding is used to achieve the speed

– Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is used to handle cross talk• echo cancellation• near end cross talk (NEXT) cancellation• far end cross talk (FEXT) cancellation• signal equalization for distortion compensation

Baseband Cable Types

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• 1000 BASE X– Gigabit Ethernet for fibre optic– SX – Short Wave Length

• Most widely used• Less expensive• Short distance• Inside buildings

– LX – Long Wave Length• 500 m• long haul version – 10 km• extended reach version – 70-100 km

– CX – Short Copper Jumper• 25 m maximum• used for linking equipment in computer rooms, racks

etc.

Baseband Cable Types