1 patterns of trade from medieval - 1750 c.e. cultural diffusion and the columbian exchange

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1 Patterns of Trade Patterns of Trade From medieval - 1750 C.E. From medieval - 1750 C.E. Cultural Diffusion Cultural Diffusion and the Columbian and the Columbian Exchange Exchange

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Patterns of TradePatterns of Trade

From medieval - 1750 C.E.From medieval - 1750 C.E.

Cultural DiffusionCultural Diffusionand the Columbian and the Columbian

ExchangeExchange

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300CE1-300CE BCE

Patterns of Trade Patterns of Trade

Cultural DiffusionCultural Diffusion

900 CE – 1750 CE

Welcome to our world

MODERN

We will be looking at the exchange of

ideas & goods from 300 CE to

1750 CE.

and how they led to

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Inventions, trade goods, ideas, and religions began to spread from their regions of origin.

But they were not known in many other

regions.

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Many connections were established Many connections were established among regions that formed among regions that formed interregional patterns of unity.interregional patterns of unity.

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PopulationPopulationSo, we’ll look at

cultural exchange in Afroeurasia, and then get back to the

Americas later.

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By the time all the American colonies were

settled most of these important ideas and useful

things had spread all across Afroeurasia…

…That’s called cultural exchange.

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Trade was another cause of cultural

exchange.

TradeTrade

Empires supported trade in

Afroeurasia. Merchants traveled great distances in search of wealth.

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The number of cities and trade The number of cities and trade networks between them grew.networks between them grew.

TradeTrade

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From 300-1500 CE, trade routes extended From 300-1500 CE, trade routes extended farther and were used by more travelers.farther and were used by more travelers.

TradeTrade

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• Trade helped spread Trade helped spread

religions, languages, ideas religions, languages, ideas

and artsand arts

• Trade stimulated use of Trade stimulated use of

natural resourcesnatural resources

• Cities and manufacturing Cities and manufacturing

centers grew biggercenters grew bigger

• Banks, credit and money Banks, credit and money

systems developed to help systems developed to help

regional and long distance regional and long distance

tradetrade

TradeTrade

How did expanding trade networks bring

about cultural exchanges in Afroeurasia?

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During this time, universal religions

spread across Afroeurasia.

Universal religions are belief systems

that anyone can join – they’re not limited to any one group.

IdeasIdeas

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Universal religions spread from 300-1500 CE. Universal religions spread from 300-1500 CE.

IdeasIdeas

Buddhism

Hinduism

Islam

Christianity

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Who spread the universal religions across Who spread the universal religions across Afroeurasia from 300 to 1500 CE?Afroeurasia from 300 to 1500 CE?

Monks spread Monks spread BuddhismBuddhism

Traders and Sufi Traders and Sufi Orders spread IslamOrders spread Islam

MissionariesMissionariesSpread ChristianitySpread Christianity

IdeasIdeas

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• Universal faiths gave Universal faiths gave members community members community feeling beyond political, feeling beyond political, class, or ethnic identitiesclass, or ethnic identities

• Religious scholars Religious scholars gathered and recorded gathered and recorded knowledge and founded knowledge and founded institutions of learninginstitutions of learning

• The spread of religions The spread of religions stimulated production and stimulated production and exchange of arts, literature, exchange of arts, literature, philosophy, and the philosophy, and the sciencessciences

How did the spread of religion

encourage cultural exchange

in Afroeurasia?

IdeasIdeas

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What inventions, technologies,

products, and ideas were exchanged

across Afroeurasia?

IdeasIdeas

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Scholars studied and spread knowledge in many Scholars studied and spread knowledge in many institutions of learning.institutions of learning.

Korean LibraryKorean LibrarySung ScholarSung Scholar

Muslim Muslim AstronomersAstronomers

IdeasIdeas

European European ScientistScientist

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Natural sciences developed in many places.Natural sciences developed in many places.

IndianIndian

EuropeanEuropean

IdeasIdeas

ChineseChineseIslamicIslamic

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Transport and communication Transport and communication technology improved.technology improved.

AstrolabeAstrolabeLateen sailLateen sail

North Arabian North Arabian Camel SaddleCamel Saddle

Books & paperBooks & paperStern-rudderStern-rudder

StirrupStirrup

MapmakingMapmaking

IdeasIdeas

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IdeasIdeas

Crops also diffused across Afroeurasia. Travelers and

migrants introduced plants into new regions. People began to grow, eat, and sell these crops.

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• SorghumSorghum fattened up folks fattened up folks when a new cereal crop spread when a new cereal crop spread from eastern Africa to Chinafrom eastern Africa to China

• Citrus fruitsCitrus fruits rolled from rolled from Southwest Asia to Spain, Southwest Asia to Spain, celebrated in garden & songcelebrated in garden & song

• Cane sugarCane sugar sweetened a path sweetened a path from India to the Mediterraneanfrom India to the Mediterranean

• CottonCotton wove its way from India wove its way from India to North Africa, Central Asia to North Africa, Central Asia and Chinaand China

• Veggies like Veggies like spinach, spinach, asparagus and broccoliasparagus and broccoli stirred stirred in vitamins across the in vitamins across the hemispherehemisphere

IdeasIdeas

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• The pace of innovation The pace of innovation increasedincreased

• Knowledge accumulated more Knowledge accumulated more quicklyquickly

• Manufacturing and farming Manufacturing and farming productivity increasedproductivity increased

• People’s diets and health People’s diets and health improvedimproved

• Sea travel and transport Sea travel and transport increasedincreased

How did transfers of technology and products change people’s lives in

Afroeurasia?

IdeasIdeas

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What was global convergence?What was global convergence?

Converge means come together.

Change accellerated when people, resources and

ideas from the whole world came together.

That made the world more like we know it today—

more modern!

Accelerate means speed up.

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• Scholars translated books, taught others, and Scholars translated books, taught others, and worked to gain knowledge worked to gain knowledge

• Trade introduced people to new products, Trade introduced people to new products, increasing demand for luxuriesincreasing demand for luxuries

• Money moved across countryside and Money moved across countryside and continents in exchange for goodscontinents in exchange for goods

• Religious ideas were hotly debated, and Religious ideas were hotly debated, and ordinary people worshipped dailyordinary people worshipped daily

• Ruling groups debated laws, and military Ruling groups debated laws, and military struggles continuedstruggles continued

Exchanges that began in Exchanges that began in Afroeurasia continued to bring Afroeurasia continued to bring

about changeabout change

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Sciences, philosophy and the arts Sciences, philosophy and the arts flowered in Europe after 1400flowered in Europe after 1400

“ “Knowledge of the AncientsKnowledge of the Ancients” ” entered Europe during the 12entered Europe during the 12thth century. Its origins were Greek, century. Its origins were Greek, Arabic, Chinese and Indian. It Arabic, Chinese and Indian. It contained all natural sciences, contained all natural sciences, math, applied sciences and math, applied sciences and philosophy. philosophy.

Scholars Scholars flocked to flocked to Spain in the Spain in the 1100s as 1100s as translators translators from Arabic to from Arabic to LatinLatin

Scholars saw this

knowledge as a “Giant”

Europeans had some

catching up to do

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Rise of European UniversitiesRise of European Universities

Demand for Demand for education stimulated education stimulated the growth of the growth of European universities European universities in major towns.in major towns.

They introduced new They introduced new knowledge into the knowledge into the curriculumcurriculum

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China’s invention of printing joined China’s invention of printing joined with moveable type in 26 letterswith moveable type in 26 letters

1.1. Gutenberg’s printing press Gutenberg’s printing press could reproduce pages could reproduce pages quickly, with woodcut quickly, with woodcut illustrations.illustrations.

2.2. By the time he By the time he invented his invented his printing press, printing press, papermaking had papermaking had spread to Europe.spread to Europe.

3.3. In the first century of In the first century of printing, thousands of books printing, thousands of books were sold and added to were sold and added to Europe’s growing libraries.Europe’s growing libraries.

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Asian commercial and political Asian commercial and political voyages on the seas continuedvoyages on the seas continued

Ottoman naval vessels patrolled the Ottoman naval vessels patrolled the Mediterranean, the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, the Black Sea and the Indian OceanIndian Ocean

Zheng He, Admiral of Zheng He, Admiral of the Ming fleet, made the Ming fleet, made seven voyages around seven voyages around the Indian Oceanthe Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean trade routes Indian Ocean trade routes attracted merchants as attracted merchants as they had for centuriesthey had for centuries

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Technologies from Afroeurasia led to Technologies from Afroeurasia led to 15th century European ships15th century European ships

Chinese Chinese stern-rudderstern-rudder

Arab lateen Arab lateen sailsailChinese Chinese

compasscompass

Indian Indian Ocean Ocean

caravel hullcaravel hull

Muslim portolan Muslim portolan charts and mapscharts and maps

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Columbus 1492 Vasco Da Gama

1498

Magellan 1519

After 1415, European mariners made voyages across the seas toward east and west. By 1519, Magellan had

circumnavigated the globe. Others set out in search of wealth, adventure and fame.

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You might say, You might say, by 1500 CE, the by 1500 CE, the

world was world was connected, connected, rightright??

If you had to put all of these

changes into one sentence, what

would it be?

But wait! You still haven’t said much about the Americas!But wait! You still haven’t said much about the Americas!

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Well…the Americas Well…the Americas and Afroeurasia and Afroeurasia

were not yet were not yet permanentlypermanently linked linked

together.together.

…not until 1492…

When Columbus sailed the ocean

blue…

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So, by 1492, European So, by 1492, European mariners set out on mariners set out on

trans-oceanic voyages trans-oceanic voyages to the Americas. to the Americas.

Those voyages linked the Americas with Afroeurasia for the first time since the migrations of people over

13,000 years earlier!

It had to happen sooner or later!It had to happen sooner or later!

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Cultural exchange in Afroeurasia before 1500 CE resulted in the technologies that made transoceanic voyages possible.

Is that why people from Afroeurasia discovered the Is that why people from Afroeurasia discovered the Americas, and not the opposite?Americas, and not the opposite?

Stern-rudderStern-rudder

CompassCompass

Lateen SailLateen Sail

MapmakingMapmaking

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The Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange

Plants, animals and micro-organisms of Afroeurasia were exchanged Plants, animals and micro-organisms of Afroeurasia were exchanged with those of the Americas across the oceans.with those of the Americas across the oceans.

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Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange New crops like New crops like

potatoes and beans potatoes and beans spread and improved spread and improved nutrition worldwide.nutrition worldwide.

Luxury products like Luxury products like coffee, chocolate, tea, coffee, chocolate, tea, tobacco and spices tobacco and spices meant new cultural meant new cultural habits for those with habits for those with money to spend.money to spend.

Population & Population & EnvironmentEnvironment

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Global cash Global cash crops were crops were grown on large grown on large plantations with plantations with slave laborslave labor

Caribbean sugar plantation, 1600s

Environmental changes resulted Environmental changes resulted from introducing new speciesfrom introducing new species

Livestock Livestock introduced to the introduced to the Americas changed Americas changed indigenous groups’ indigenous groups’ ways of lifeways of life

Plains woman hunting buffalo, 1800s

Population & Population & EnvironmentEnvironment

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Islam and Christianity spread with Islam and Christianity spread with empires, trade, and migrationempires, trade, and migration

• Traders and Sufi orders Traders and Sufi orders spread Islam in Africa and Asiaspread Islam in Africa and Asia• The Ottoman Empire pressed The Ottoman Empire pressed into eastern Europe. into eastern Europe.

• Catholic missionaries followed the Catholic missionaries followed the spread of the Spanish empirespread of the Spanish empire

• Jesuits worked in AsiaJesuits worked in Asia

• Protestants colonized North AmericaProtestants colonized North America

Population & Population & EnvironmentEnvironment

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Printed books were an Printed books were an information systeminformation system

Ideas & Ideas & InventionsInventions

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Maps Maps reflected reflected

discovery and discovery and colonization… colonization…

……and continued and continued exchange of exchange of knowledge knowledge

among people in among people in the worldthe world

Ideas & Ideas & InventionsInventions

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What a What a handsome handsome

guy!guy!

Mapmakers Mapmakers finally got my finally got my portrait right!portrait right!

15071484

1520 1780

Ideas & Ideas & InventionsInventions

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Maritime technologies continued Maritime technologies continued to improve after 1500 to improve after 1500

• Mapping world wind patterns Mapping world wind patterns and oceanic currentsand oceanic currents

• Ships were fully rigged with Ships were fully rigged with sails for speed and handling sails for speed and handling

• Ships grew larger & stronger Ships grew larger & stronger (500 T. in 1450 to 2000 T. by (500 T. in 1450 to 2000 T. by 1590) 1590)

• The sextant greatly improved The sextant greatly improved navigation at seanavigation at sea

• Cannons and ammunition Cannons and ammunition improvedimproved

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CULTURAL DIFFUSION

GOODS, IDEAS AND PEOPLE ARE NOW MOVING AROUND THE WORLD CONTINUING CROSS CULTURALIZATION AND…..

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Trade encircled the globeTrade encircled the globeTrade & Trade &

ManufacturingManufacturing

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Patterns of TradePatterns of Trade

From medieval - 1750 C.E.From medieval - 1750 C.E.

Cultural DiffusionCultural Diffusionand the Columbian and the Columbian

ExchangeExchange

Presented by Emily Powell, Margo Schiavone & Jo Anne Wilson with the gracious & patient help of Susan Douglas and the greatly modified work from Panorama Units, at Eras 5 and 6 of the online World History Currriculum World History For Us All at San Diego State University http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu