Drugs used to treat or prevent illness or other conditions.

Medicines

• Substances other than food that change the structure or function of the body.

• Are all medicines drugs?• Are all drugs Medicines?• What is the difference between a drug and medicine?• How are they similar?

Medicines that treat or prevent illness can be classified into four categories:

• Medicines that help prevent disease• Medicines that fight pathogens (germs)• Medicines that relieve pain and other

symptoms• Medicines that manage chronic

conditions, help maintain or restore health, and regulate body systems

Vaccine A preparation that prevents a person from

contracting a specific disease. A vaccine contains weakened or dead

pathogens that cause the disease. When your body detects the vaccine it

produces antibodies to fight that pathogen so if you ever contract it again your body will remember how to fight it.

Vaccine effects fade over time. Some last only a year or two. Some last many years.

Antitoxins

◦ Some bacteria get into our body and produce toxins that make us sick. Antitoxins fight the bacteria that produces toxins in our bodies.

◦ It is made by injecting animals or humans with a safe amount of toxin. Then after the animal or humans immune system produces antitoxins their blood is drawn, purified and the antitoxin is available for medicine.

Jim was a former milk wagon horse over 100 years ago who was used to produce the antitoxin to fight diphtheria.

Jim produced over 30 quarts of diphtheria antitoxin in his career, and saved many lives.

ANTITOXINS and VACCINES prevent disease

Medicines that treat or prevent illness can be classified into four categories:

• Medicines that help prevent disease• Medicines that fight pathogens• Medicines that relieve pain and other

symptoms• Medicines that manage chronic

conditions, help maintain or restore health, and regulate body systems

Pathogen (germ)◦ A microorganism that can cause illness to it’s host.

Fungi, Virus, Bacteria etc. Antibiotic- a class of drug that destroys bacteria.

Antibiotics work in 2 ways Killing Bacteria Preventing bacteria from reproducing so they

eventually die off.

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Why are bacteria becoming resistant to our antibiotics?

How can we help with drug resistance?

◦ Over use People using them for any sickness trying to get better. Using Antibiotics in livestock can cause drug resistance.

◦ Under use People use them only when they can get them and they

don’t take the full dose. People not taking their full prescription they stop when

they feel better.

Antiviral drugs◦ Medicines that fight viruses.

They suppress it they don’t kill it. The virus stays in their body and can flare up.

◦ Cold Sores◦ Also can become resistant to medications.

Antifungal drugs◦ Medicines that fight fungus cells.

Athletes foot Ring worm

Medicines that treat or prevent illness can be classified into four categories:

• Medicines that help prevent disease• Medicines that fight pathogens• Medicines that relieve pain and other

symptoms• Medicines that manage chronic

conditions, help maintain or restore health, and regulate body systems

Classification of Medicines

Analgesics “Anne-Al-G-sic” Pain relievers◦ Wide Range- Aspirin to Morphine

Fight fevers Relieve Pain Reduce swelling

Be Careful!!!!◦ Asprin can cause an upset stomach, dizziness,

and ringing in the ears. Can be fatal to children. Not for people under 20.

◦ Use something more mild like IB Profen or Advil.

Narcotics Pain relievers used for severe pain only when

others don’t work. Work by binding to receptors and block the feeling

of pain. Easily addictive and require a prescription. Limit

use to no more than 4 months. Psychological and Physical Dependence.

◦ CodeineFentanyl (Duragesic) -- available as a patch◦ Meperidine (Demerol)◦ Morphine (MS Contin)◦ Oxycodone (Oxycontin, Percocet, Percodan)

Side Effects◦ Drowsiness, Impaired Judgement, Nausea Vomiting,

Withdrawal-When a person stops using a drug they are physically dependent upon they experience withdrawal symptoms◦ Nervousness, Insomnia, Headaches, Vomiting, Chills,

Cramps etc.

Tolerance- When a persons body becomes used to a drug and needs more of it to produce the same effect.◦ Can lead to Dependence and Addiction

Medicines that treat or prevent illness can be

classified into four categories:• Medicines that help prevent disease• Medicines that fight pathogens• Medicines that relieve pain and other

symptoms• Medicines that manage chronic

conditions, help maintain or restore health, and regulate body systems

These Medicines maintain, restore, and enhance health.

ExamplesAllergiesBody Regulating MedicinesAntidepressantsCancer Treatment Medicines

Allergies◦ Antihistamines- Reduce allergy symptoms by

blocking the chemicals produced by the immune system that cause the allergic reaction.

◦ Some allergic reactions kill Bee Stings Peanuts

Epinephrine- shot that slows or stops the reaction.

Body Regulating Medicines◦ Medicines that regulate body chemistry

Insulin- Regulates amount of sugar in the blood Inhalers- Prevent Asthma Attacks Heart Medicines- Regulate heart beat or blood

pressure. Antidepressants

◦ Help people suffering from mental illnesses Regulate blood chemistry Stabilize moods Depression, Anxiety, Schizophrenia

Cancer Treatment Medicines

◦ Help slow the cell growth of cancer◦ Chemotherapy- Kill fast growing cancer cells.◦ Immunotherapy- Uses the immune system to fight

off cancer cells.◦ Can also kill healthy cells

Side effects-reactions to medicines other than the one intended.

How do you take medicines?

Oral- mouth, digestive system, blood stream

Topical- Skin Inhaled- nose, lungs, and into blood stream Injected- directly to blood stream

Additive Interaction-When medicines work together in a positive way.◦ Muscle Relaxer and Anti Inflammatory for Joint

Pain Synergistic Effect- The interaction of two ore

more medicines that results in a greater affect than when each medicine is taken alone.

Antagonistic Interaction- The effect of one medicine is canceled or reduced when taken with another medicine.