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Laura KongDirector, UNESCO IOC ITICTrinidad, June 2007

Effective and ReliableEffective and Reliable

End-to-EndEnd-to-EndTsunami Warning Systems:Tsunami Warning Systems:

Tsunami EmergencyTsunami EmergencyResponse SOP Response SOP

Tsunami Emergency Tsunami Emergency ResponseResponseConcept of Operations - “End to End”

• TEWS Success measured by ability to rapidly move people out of harm’s way

• DMO at all government levels require pre-event development of documents describing responses / actions

• Response Plans, Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), Checklists enable quick 24x7 action to alert communities (and conduct evacuation)

What are Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) ?

• Set of written instructionsDocument a routine, or repetitive activity followed by organization.

SOP - real time procedure followed in case of an emergency.

• Detail work processes conducted or followed within an organization.

EOC SOP - CHECKLISTS

• ProceduresProcedures Action CriteriaAction Criteria• Scenario Flow ChartsScenario Flow Charts• ChecklistsChecklists ScriptsScripts• Decision-makingDecision-making Call-down listsCall-down lists • Message DefnMessage Defn DisseminationDissemination• CommunicationsCommunications to make Reliable, redundantto make Reliable, redundant

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SOP - Important pointsSOP - Important points Emergency Managers at local level

(usually) responsible for SOPs for different bulletin types

Strong understanding of bulletin types ensures that TWC bulletin information is directly linked to DMO SOP

Once issued, safety action must reach people rapidly. SOP coordinate warning messages quickly

Multiple communication channels (high / low tech) used to ensure message is received

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Communication & Transmission of Tsunami Warning to Localities & Civil Defense Authorities

Signboard

Tsunami

TSUNAMI WARNING

Central Government

TV / Radio Station

TSUNAMI WARNING

Radio

TV （ Telops, Warning maps ）

TSUNAMI WARNING

Local government

Cabinet Office Japan

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What should the Public do?What should the Public do?

Keys:– If time, then educate so that

warning means evacuate inland or to higher ground

– If no time, consider policy for vertical evacuation to reinforced concrete buildings

Local Tsunami (saving people near EQ epicenter):

First Line of Defense is Public awareness and education

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Examples of Notification Examples of Notification SystemsSystems Use of Mass Media (Radio, Television) Siren Towers First Responders (i.e. Police, Fire, Lifeguards) Public Loudspeakers on building (Mosques) SMS Text Messaging – Telephone Companies Emergency Telephone Call Lists (public and

private sectors) Amateur Radio Organizations Military Resources - Helicopters and Aircraft

w/ Speakers RANET – Worldspace broadcasts (satellite)

received on computers Worldspace Emergency Alert radios (receive

satellite broadcast on emergency channel)

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Alert & WarningTechnology assists people-based warnings

Getting warning to responders Getting warning to public Use drills and exercises for

training Conduct drills in the

community Test the notification systems

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LOCAL TSUNAMI WARNING – LOCAL TSUNAMI WARNING – EXAMPLE: RADIO BROADCAST EXAMPLE: RADIO BROADCAST SCRIPTSCRIPT““The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center has The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center has issued Tsunami Warning for the Islands of issued Tsunami Warning for the Islands of (select islands or geographical location).(select islands or geographical location).

A local tsunami has been generated. A local tsunami has been generated. Immediately evacuate all beaches and all Immediately evacuate all beaches and all low lying coastal areas. Move inland to low lying coastal areas. Move inland to higher ground or move to the 3higher ground or move to the 3rdrd floor and floor and above in reinforced concrete buildings.above in reinforced concrete buildings.

I Repeat, …..I Repeat, …..

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Coordination of Tsunami Coordination of Tsunami Evacuation ZonesEvacuation Zones

Encourage exit walking (not riding) out of Encourage exit walking (not riding) out of Evacuation ZonesEvacuation Zones

Develop and activate a mobile ground/air/ Develop and activate a mobile ground/air/ sea Plan to disseminate evacuation sea Plan to disseminate evacuation noticesnotices

Develop and activate a Traffic Develop and activate a Traffic Management and Roadblock Plan Management and Roadblock Plan

Develop and activate a Public Transit Develop and activate a Public Transit Evacuation Plan Evacuation Plan

Develop and activate a Shelter Develop and activate a Shelter Evacuation Centers PlanEvacuation Centers Plan

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When can the Public When can the Public Return? Return? “All “All Clear”Clear”

Once public evacuates, local public officials must inform when it is safe to return by broadcasting “All Clear”

If area received little or no damage, “All Clear” broadcast after TWC warning

cancelled

If severely damaged, it may be many hours / days before before “All Clear”

Reasons: Debris, roads impassable, gas/electric lines down, search / rescue operations carried out

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TSUNAMI STAKEHOLDER COORDINATION COMMITTEE(all levels) - topics

Reduce risk of tsunamis - coordination / implementation of “end to end” TEWS.

Address Hazard ID, Risk Assessment, Warning Guidance, Public Awareness,

Mitigation Improve public policy, TERP / SOPs, public

affairs and media / education outreach. Involve scientists, engineers, planners,

emergency managers, public affairs personnel, NGO’s, other public / private sectors

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Training Exercises Training Exercises (1)(1)

Goal:Goal:

To To identify, evaluate, and improveidentify, evaluate, and improve

organizational weaknesses / gaps in organizational weaknesses / gaps in

Plans, Policies, Standard Operating Plans, Policies, Standard Operating Procedures, Communications, Procedures, Communications, Interagency CoordinationInteragency Coordination

Purpose:Purpose:

To To evaluateevaluate the ability to respond to the ability to respond to a local, regional, or ocean-wide a local, regional, or ocean-wide tsunami.tsunami.

Thank You

IOC Executive Secretary: Dr. Patricio BernalIOC Executive Secretary: Dr. Patricio Bernal IOC Paris (Tsunami): Dr. Peter Koltermann, Head Masahiro Yamamoto, Senior Tsunami Advisor

Dr. Uli Wolf Bernardo Aliaga

CARIBE-EWS: CARIBE-EWS: http://ioc3.unesco.org/cartws/icg-ii Secretariat: Bernardo AliagaSecretariat: Bernardo Aliaga b.aliaga@unesco.orgb.aliaga@unesco.org Chair: Trinidad & TobagoChair: Trinidad & Tobago Vice-Chair: USA, VenezuelaVice-Chair: USA, Venezuela

IOC ITIC: Dr. Laura Kong, Director l.kong@unesco.org ITIC: www.tsunamiwave.info PTWS Secretariat: ITIC, ioc3.unesco.org/ptws Chair; Vice-Chair: Chile, Canada