1 istory of Floral Design Objectives: 1.To identify the aesthetic benefits of floral design 2.To become familiar with the history of floral design 3.To understand the origin and development of different styles 2 Used throughout civilization Religious significance Personal adornment Addition of beauty to dwellings Significance of Flowers 3 Special occasions Symbols of love, friendship, sympathy and celebration Language of flowers Red Roses symbolize and communicate love 4 Why Know the History of Floral Design? To understand the impact of earlier cultures on modern design styles To see the derivation of design styles 5 To be able to create arrangements depicting historical style or design period 6 Classical Period of Floral Design Egyptian Period Greek Period Roman Period Byzantine Period Middle Ages 7 Egyptian Period (2800 28 B.C.) Styles were simple and orderly Wide-mouthed basins or bowls held flowers or fruit Wire loops or holes around container rims held flower stems Regimented rows and repetition of identical floral groups created patterned designs Primary colors dominated Lotus 8 Greek Period ( B.C.) Greek Period ( B.C.) Did not arrange flowers in vases Flowers were scattered on the ground for celebrations Wreaths and garlands were worn or carried during special occasions Heroes, athletes and dignitaries were honored with wreaths 9 Greek Period Potted plants were grown indoors to supply flowers Professional florists were hired to create wreaths and decorations Cornucopia (horn of plenty) was a symbol of abundance and was used in an upright position Grace, simplicity and symbolism characterized Greek design 10 Roman Period (28BC - 325AD) Roman Period (28BC - 325AD) Continued use of Greek designs Wreaths and garlands were more elaborate Blossom filled scarves were placed on religious altars Flowers were arranged in containers or liknons (baskets with high backs and flattened fronts) 11 Byzantine Period ( AD) Continued Roman designs Garlands were twisted narrow bands of fruit, flowers and foliage Introduced symmetrical, stylized tree compositions Elaborate containers had nearly pointed bases Color schemes used neighboring hues with complementary accents 12 Middle Ages (476 1400 AD) Flowers arranged in vases Symmetrical groups in Chinese flasks shows Chinese influence Little known about floral designs of this period Information found in Persian art, rugs and tapestries 13 European Periods of Floral Design Renaissance Period Baroque Period Flemish Period French Styles English Georgian Period Victorian Period 14 Renaissance Period (1400 1600) Arrangements were large, tall, pyramidal and symmetrically balanced Arrangement was twice the height of container Flowers were loose, airy and uncrowded Bright colors contrasted with plastered walls Baroque and Flemish Style Period (1600 1775 AD) Classical Renaissance style gave way to the lavish Baroque style Baroque style originated in Italy and spread to Holland and Belgium Symmetrical oval shaped designs Hogarthian curve or S-curve developed during this period 16 Flemish Style Jan van Huysum Flemish artists painted floral arrangements, refining the Baroque style Better proportioned and more compact Flowers were massed into oval shaped arrangements taller than the container Many arrangements in paintings could not have existed because the flowers bloomed in different seasons 17 Influenced European, English and American styles Influenced by Baroque art Feminine appeal Arrangements were bouquets with no design or center of interest Topiary designs were introduced Topiary French Tradition 18 English Georgian Period (1714 1760) Moved away from formality and symmetry Japanese influence affected design Tuzzy-muzzy or nosegay was a hand-held bouquet developed at this time Nosegays were placed in bowls of water on tables as centerpieces tuzzy-muzzy 19 Victorian Period (1820 1901) Floral designs were poorly proportioned Large masses of flowers with no focal point crowded into containers Too many colors and flower types created an unplanned effect Toward the end of the period, rules were established for floral design Skilled designers established floral design as a professional art 20 History of Oriental Styles Japanese Style Chinese Style 21 Chinese Styles Floral arrangements originally used to decorate Buddhist temples Large, symmetrical arrangements with central axis Only one or two types of flowers and foliage used Bright colors were used 22 Japanese Styles Adopted Chinese style in 6 th century and created their own highly refined art form Basic styles are Ikenobo, Rikkwa, Shokwa, Nageire, Moribana and Jiyu-Bana Ikenobo school of floral art created the style known as Ikebana Japanese styles are characterized by linear forms and open spaces ikenobo rikkwa shokwa 0 American Styles of Floral Design Early American Colonial Neoclassic American Victorian Early American Style Focused on natural styles and arrangements Wildflowers, grains, and grasses were often placed in everyday jugs and pitchers to make an arrangement COLONIAL 1714 A.D. 1780 A.D. Colonial Style Typical arrangements were massed, rounded, and fan shaped bouquets Casual, open designs were popular NEOCLASSICISM FEDERAL AND GREEK REVIVAL 1790 A.D. 1825 A.D. Neoclassic Style Covered two time periods Federal Period Greek Period Designs were typically broken from English tradition and were influenced by the French Roses, geraniums, and trailing ivy were popular plant materials AMERICAN VICTORIAN 1845 A.D. 1900 A.D. American Victorian Also called the Romantic era Designs copied European Victorian styles Epergnes were popular containers MODERN Modern Styles of Floral Design Art Nouveau Art Deco Free Form Expression Geometric Mass Design ART NOVEAU 1890 A.D. 1910 A.D. Art Nouveau Period Style was based on curvilinear lines and often patterned after nature in the shape of plants or flowers Containers were curving and asymmetrical ART DECO 1920s & 1930s Art Deco Period: Blending of influences including ancient Egyptian, Jazz age, and industrial age Characterized by strong geometric lines and patterns The style reemerged in the 1960s FREE FORM EXPRESSION 1950 1959 A.D. Free Form Expression Arrangements were more expressive with feeling of movement and freedom Textural differences between design materials were emphasized GEOMETRIC MASS A.D. Geometric Mass Design Tight, geometric bouquets were common Arrangements combined mass and line into stiff patterns Compote containers were commonly used Review What are some types of flowers and foliage common to all periods of floral design? Why is it important to study the history of floral design? What are some reasons for changing design styles across time? How did European traditions influence American design? 42 American Floral Design Periods Early American Period Colonial Williamsburg Period American Federal Period Contemporary Styles 43 Early American Period Early colonists had little time for flower arranging Household utensils (kettles, pitchers, pans, etc.) and baskets were used as containers Materials for arrangements were wildflowers, dried flowers and grasses Designs were informal and massed 44 Colonial Williamsburg Period (1724 1780 AD) Trade with Europe influenced floral designs Many southern arrangements were copied from European prints and tapestries Casual, open massed bouquets were common Styles were fan shaped, rectangular or round Visual weight concentrated at base of design 45 American Federal Period (1780 1820) Influenced by French styles Stressed individual beauty of flowers Break from English style Flower height was greater than width of arrangement Gave way to stuffy, ornate Victorian style 46 Modern American Styles (Late 1800s Present) Development of floral wire services in late 19 th century established design catalogs European mass designs were combined with Japanese line designs to create line-mass designs Advances in transportation and refrigeration influenced availability of cut flowers from local to world markets 47 1.List three ways flowers have been used throughout history. 2._____ styles are characterized by linear forms and open spaces. A. JapaneseC. Flemish B. VictorianD. Baroque 3.The _____ period made extensive use of wreaths and garlands. A. EgyptianC. Greek B. VictorianD. Byzantine 48 4.Little is known about floral designs of this period. A. EgyptianC. Roman B. GreekD. Middle Ages 5.Designs of this period were masses of flowers with no focal point and poor proportion. A. French TraditionC. Early American B. VictorianD. Chinese 6.The tuzzy-muzzy was developed by A. The RomansC. The French B. Martha StewartD. The English 49 Acknowledgements McDaniel, Gary L. Floral Design & Arrangement. 3 rd ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Berrall, Julia S. A History of Flower Arrangement. London: Studio Publications, Sandra Balch Production Coordinator Jennifer Donaldson Graphics Coordinator Geoff Scott Production Manager G.W. Davis Executive Producer MMVII CEV Multimedia, Ltd.