1: dp/dt (+)2: dp/dt (-)3: Peak Left Ventricular Pressure4: Time to Peak Left Ventricular Pressure 5: Systolic Time 6: Diastolic Time 7: Left Ventricular End-Systolic Pressure and Volume 8: Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure and Volume 9: Right and Left Atrial Pressure10: Rate of Aortic Flow11: Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output

Parameters Reflecting Contractility

Air Pressure

A: OutflowB: Starling resistanceC: Electromagnetic flow probeD: Warming coilE: Venous reservoirF: Inflow1:Electrocardiogram2: Left ventricular pressure – dp/dt (+/-)3: Left atrial pressure4: Aortic pressure5: Systemic output (cardiac output less coronary flow)

Heart-lung preparation

Control-I and venous reservoir raised 5cm

AP (mmHg)

LVP (mmHg)

dp/dt (+/-) (mmHg/sec)

Venous reservoir raised 5cmControl-I

SO (ml/min)SO (ml/min)

200 -

0 -

200 -

0 -

0 -

0 -

+ 5000 -

- 5000 -

0 -

LAP (cmH2O)

20 -

200 -

Control-II

AP (mmHg)

LVP (mmHg)

LAP (cmH2O)

dp/dt (+/-) (mmHg/sec)

SO (ml/min)

200 -

200 -

0 -

0 -

0 -

0 -

0 -

+ 5000 -

- 5000 -

20 -

200 -

Peak failure and NE (3g)

NE(3g)

Peak failure

AP (mmHg)

LVP (mmHg)

dp/dt (+/-) (mmHg/sec)

SO (ml/min)

LAP (cmH2O)

200 -

0 -

0 -

0 -

+ 5000 -

- 5000 -

0 -

200 -

200 -

0 -

20 -

10 minutes after NE

AP (mmHg)

LVP (mmHg)

dp/dt (+/-) (mmHg/sec)

SO (ml/min)

LAP (cmH2O)

0 -

200 -

0 -

0 -

0 -

+ 5000 -

- 5000 -

0 -

20 -

200 -

200 -

SO (ml/min)

dp/dt (+/-) (mmHg/sec)

LVP (mmHg)

AP (mmHg)

Ouabain – peak correction of failure and onset of arrhythmia

LAP (cmH2O)

0 -

200 -

0 -

0 -

0 -

+ 5000 -

- 5000 -

0 -

20 -

200 -

200 -

Correction Arrhythmia

SO (ml/min)

dp/dt (+/-) (mmHg/sec)

LVP (mmHg)

AP (mmHg)

Cardiac standstill

LAP (cmH2O)

0 -

200 -

0 -

0 -

0 -

+ 5000 -

- 5000 -

0 -

20 -

200 -

200 -

Control

Treatment with NE

Peak failure

Ouabain correction of failure

Ouabain toxicity 1

Ouabain toxicity 2

Ouabain Toxicity 3

Ouabain toxicity 4

Ouabain toxicity 5

Ouabain toxicity 6

Ouabain Toxicity 7

SO dp/dt+ dp/dt- LVP LVEDP MAP HR LAP Syst time Diast time Time to Time to peak

ml/min mmHg/s mmHg/s mmHg cmH2O mmHg beats/m cmH2O sec sec peak LVP relaxation

sec sec

Control (I)108 2100 1650 130 4 100 200 1.7 0.26 0.04 0.12 0.14

Venous reservoir raised 5 cm162 2400 1950 140 6 100 200 2.5 0.25 0.05 0.12 0.13

Control (II)110 2200 1750 130 4 100 200 1.5 0.25 0.05 0.12 0.13

Peak failure with pentobarbital50 1600 1000 125 17 100 165 13.6 0.31 0.06 0.13 0.18

Correction of failure with NE 5 µg114 5000 3500 220 5 130 200 2.3 0.19 0.11 0.07 0.12

New control 10 min after NE administration50 1700 1000 125 17 100 165 11 0.13 0.05 0.14 0.17

Peak correction of failure with Ouabain120 2300 1950 150 2 100 150 1 0.28 0.1 0.12 0.16

Ouabain arrhythmias124 2800 2500 180 2 95 146 1