1 collaboration and social networking human-to-human communication list servers, chat rooms,...

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Collaboration and Social Networking

Human-to-Human Communication

List servers, chat rooms, online communities

Cell phones, mobile devices

• Voice, text messages, digital photos, videos

Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)

• The design and evaluation of new technologies to support group work

• Groupware – the set of commercially available products

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Goals of Collaboration

Focused Partnership: co-dependence of two or more people to complete a task

• Examples: physicians consulting over x-rays, military operations Lecture or demo formats: one person sharing information with many

users at remote sites

Conferences: participants communicate simultaneously (synchronous), or spread out over time (asynchronous)

• Newer approaches:

– Blogs: personal diaries that invites outside commenting

– Wikis: grouped editing spaces Structured work processes: allow people with distinct organizational

roles collaborate on a specific task

• Example: a health agency receives, reviews, and reimburses or rejects medical bills

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Goals of Collaboration

Meeting and decision support

• Voting

• Anonymity Electronic commerce

• Collaborating with another person during a shopping experience

• B-to-B negotiations Teledemocracy

• Organizations, professional groups, governments to conduct on-line town-hall meetings

On-line communities

• People come on line to discuss, share information, socialize Co-laboratories

• Sharing of facilities by scientists

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Decomposition of Collaborative Interfaces (Ellis, Gibbs and Rein, 1991)

Same Time Different Times

Same Place Synchronous local (face-to-face)

(control rooms, meeting rooms)

Asynchronous local (group calendars)

Different Places

Synchronous distributed (chat, texting, IM, audio/video conferencing)

Asynchronous distributed (e-mail, newsgroups, list servers, blogs, wikis, online and networked communities)

Technologies can be used across cells

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Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time

Electronic Mail – Microsoft Outlook

Web based email systems (Gmail, Yahoo!, HotMail) provide ubiquitous access)

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Wireless Email Access - Blackberry

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Newsgroups

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List servers

Must subscribe

Can be moderated by a leader or un-moderated

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Discussion Boards

Messages can be re-ordered chronologically

Threads

Launch a new topic

Reply to an existing topic

Search archives by subject, date, sender

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http://labs.digg.com/swarm/

• Real Time Hybrid

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Digg is a user driven social content website

Everything on digg is submitted by the digg user community

After you submit content, other digg users read your submission and digg what they like best

If your story receives enough diggs, it is promoted to the front page for the millions of digg visitors to see

Every digg user can digg (help promote), bury (help remove spam), and comment on stories

Digg also allows you to track your friends' activity throughout the site

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Blogs

• Democratic philosophy – anyone should be able to make their opinions known to others

• Blogs are open electronic documents or diaries that are “owned” by their creators, but readers can contribute comments

• Blog software is available from Blogger.com

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Wikis

• Used for discussing a variety of topics

• Popular with project teams

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Online and networked communities

• Patient support communities

• Education communities of inquiry

• Distance Learning (e.g., Saki, Blackboard)

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Synchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Same Time

Google Docs

• Users create and edit documents online and collaborate in real-time with others

• Word processor

• Spreadsheet

• Presentation

• https://services.google.com/apps/site/overview/index.html

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Google Apps - gmail

Chat capability with on-line view

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Google Docs and Spreadsheets

Editing document concurrently

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Google Docs and Spreadsheets

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Google Calendar

View other calendars

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Google Web Page Creator

WYSIWYG Tools

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Chat, Instant Messaging

• Short input, quick responses

• Activeworlds – visual representation using Avatars to support chat

• Educational Applications and Social Interaction

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Instant Messaging

• Membership can be tightly controlled

• Typical communities are fewer than twenty people

• Can send Emoticons, Photographs, Files

• Teenagers and Office Workers are frequent users

Texting (a.k.a. Short Messaging Systems)

• Cell phone based

• Frequently used by Europeans and Asians due to high cost of voice transmission

• Quick and easy

• Don’t want to talk

• Does not disturb others in the room

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Audio and Video Conferencing

• Desktop videoconferencing systems (DTVC) allows users to access computers during the conference

• Microsoft’s NetMeeting or Live Meeting

– Can display PC screen and/or participants

– Also supports “white-board” feature

– Quality of the voice channel is very important

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G+ video calling - Google hangout for mobile

Pin video - The video you see in a hangout will automatically switch between participants, based on who's speaking.

Change cameras - Show people what's going on around you by toggling between your front-facing and back-facing cameras.

Mute your video - If you don't want to be visible to other members of the hangout, Mute your microphone

Mute audio - Don’t want people to hear you for a moment? Touch the microphone icon to mute your audio.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n78llNrEKxs

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Microsoft’s NetMeeting

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Georgia Tech eClass

Goal: Capture the interaction that occurs in a typical university lecture

Capture Process: Instructors write on a blank electronic whiteboard or on top of prepared slides. The electronic annotations, audio, and video are automatically recorded and time-stamped. By capturing these events, we can later recreate the lecture experience.

While viewing a slide, students can click on the teacher's annotations to replay the audio and video at the time the ink was written.

http://www-static.cc.gatech.edu/fce/eclass/overview/index.html

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Twitter is a social networking and micro-blogging service

It allows users to send and read other users' updates (otherwise known as tweets), which are text-based posts.

Updates are displayed on the user's profile page and delivered to other users who have signed up to receive them.

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Twitter Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey moderated a Q&A session with

President Obama. - July 2011

26 percent of the Tweet questions were about jobs

19 percent were about the budget

16 percent were about taxes

10 percent were about education

6 percent were about housing.

All of the questions were serious in nature

Most popular

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Mango Threads

Within a messaging exchange between you and another party, you can switch the messaging platform on the fly.

You can start off instant messaging,

switch to SMS texting,

then jump over to Facebook messaging all within one message thread

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Social Networking and Smartphones

Facebook was the most visited website on handheld devices, with 43 million hours spent on it in December 2010

37% of adults and 60% of teenagers described themselves as "addicted"

Video

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Social Networking and Smartphones

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U.S. cellphone users sent and received more than 1 trillion texts in the second half of 2010, according to CTIA

Just an 8.7% increase from the prior six months. It was the slimmest gain since texting exploded last decade.

Apple's iMessage and other instant-messaging apps pose a threat.

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Texting Behavior

70 university students in the US

Collected almost 60,000 text messages over a period of 4 months

Used a custom logging tool on our participants’ phones.

Results:

Students communicate with a large number of contacts for extended periods of time

Engage in simultaneous conversations with as many as 9 contacts

Often use text messaging as a method to switch between a variety of communication mediums

Also explore the content of text messages

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Whom to you text?

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Thoughts on texting

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Reasons why people text

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Whom do you text, how often, which direction (send/receive)

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Categories of messages

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Group messaging

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Face-to-Face Interfaces: Same Place, Same Time

Electronic meeting rooms, control rooms and public spaces

• Face-to-Face discussion vs. a boring monologue in a darkened room

• GroupSystems: goal is to “reduce or eliminate the dysfunctions of the group interaction so that a group reaches or exceeds its task potential”

– Supports anonymous suggestions

– Ranking of proposals

– Ideas are based on their merits

– Ideas are judged independently from their originators

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Benefits of electronic meeting systems

• Parallel communication – promotes broader input, reduces the chance that a few people dominate the meeting

• Anonymity – avoids evaluation apprehension and conformance

• Group Memory – allows reflection throughout the meeting

• Process Structure – keeps the group focused on the topic

• Task Support and Structure – data analysis

SMART Boards

• Finger and Pen interaction

• Supports hard copy of the white board contents

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Shared Situational Awareness

• Large display in control room settings

Public Displays

• Social interaction on general topics

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Education - Groupware-mediated paradigm

• Active individual learning

• Small-group collaborative learning

• Entire-class collaborative learning

• The ability to show student work to class

• The impact of technology on the classroom

– Projectors, slide presentations, laptops, mobile devices

– More interaction and collaboration?

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Research Questions

How will home life and work life be changed?

• Will distant relationships replace local relationships?

• Will trust and responsibility increase or decrease?

• Will people become more informed?

• How will team work be improved?

• Does privacy become more of an issue?

• Which jobs will be redefined?

• Cost versus savings?

• Productivity?

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Privacy

Who can you trust?

MySpace's assets -- including some 50 million-odd personal profiles -- were purchased by Specific Media, an online ad firm.

Advertising is where Facebook and Google make their money

Location

Anonymity

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Schneier (2010) – Taxonomy of Data

•Service data - data you give to a social networking site in order to use it• legal name• age• credit-card number

•Disclosed data - what you post on your own pages• blog entries• photographs• messages

•Entrusted data - what you post on other people's pages • you don't have control over the data once you post it -- another user

does


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• Incidental data - what other people post about you•you don't have control over it, and you didn't create it in the first place.

• Behavioral data - data the site collects about your habits by recording what you do and who you do it with

• Derived data - data about you that is derived from all the other data. •E.G., if 80 percent of your friends self-identify as a UD student, you're likely a UD student yourself


LegalImplications?

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• Texting and driving

• Teens are among the drivers most impaired by distraction. ( AAA Foundation in-car study)

•Teen drivers were distracted almost a quarter of the time • Electronic devices• Texting• Emails• Downloading music

•http://www.distraction.gov/content/get-the-facts/state-laws.html

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3WWpCUme3M


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