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CIS 100CIS 100Winter 2005Winter 2005

Week 10 LectureWeek 10 Lecture

Dr. David GadishDr. David Gadish

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Week 10 Agenda

Programming and Languages (Chapter 14) Your Future and Information Technology

(Chapter 15)

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14141414Programming

and Languages

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Competencies

Six steps of programming

Design tools

Program testing

CASE tools and Object-oriented software

Generations of programming languages

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Programs A list of instructions for the computer

– Processes data into information Application programs

– Used by end users System programs

– Used by computer Prepackaged Custom-made

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Software Development

Specification

Design

Code

Test

Documentation

Maintenance

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Step 1: Program Specifications Program definition or analysis

– Objectives• Statement of problem

– Outputs• Desired results

– Inputs• Determine inputs and their source

– Processing requirements– Specification document

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Step 2: Program Design Solutions are planned and created Techniques used

– Top-down program design– Pseudocode– Flowcharts– Logic structures

• Sequence• Selection• Loop

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Step 3: Program Code

Code the processes from the program design

Good program qualities

– Reliable

– Well documented

– Understandable to programmers

– Structured programs best method

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Step 4: Program Test Testing and correcting errors

– Debugging Syntax errors Logic errors Testing process

– Desk checking

– Manual testing

– Translation

– Test with sample data

– Beta testing

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Step 5: Documentation

Written descriptions and procedures about the program and how to use it

Written within programs and in documents Written for

– Users

– Operators

– Programmers

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Step 6: Program Maintenance

75% of total lifetime cost Ensure that programs are

– Error-free

– Efficient

– Effective Two categories

– Operations

– Changing needs

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CASE

Computer-aided software engineering

Automate development process

– Designing

– Coding

– Testing

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Object-Oriented Programming OOP software for development

– Focuses less on procedures

OOP software development changes

programming approach

– Program is organized into objects

– Modules

– Emphasize re-use

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Programming Languages

Occurring in “generations”

– Machine languages to natural languages

Lower level, closer to machine language

Higher level is closer to human-like language

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Generations of Languages

1st -- Machine languages

2nd -- Assembly languages

3rd -- High level procedural languages

4th -- Problem-oriented languages

5th -- Natural languages

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A Look to the Future

Natural language programming

Ml-tech

– System developed by Synapse Solutions

– Enter a “wish list”

– Computer translates the list

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15151515Your Future and

Information

Technology

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Competencies

Individual strategy

Technology changing competition

React to new technology

Computer competence

Job definitions

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Changing Times

Successful individuals have a strategy

Technology changes responsibilities

Some jobs are made obsolete, but new

ones are created

Successful individuals are best at

changing

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Technology and Organizations

Technology changes competition

– New products

– New enterprises• Internet service providers• Webmasters

– New customer and supplier relationships

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Technology and People Different coping styles with technology

– Cynicism • Computer use is overrated

– Naiveté • Magic boxes

– Frustration • Imposition to learn something new

– Proactivity• Acting in anticipation

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Be a Winner

Stay current

Maintain competence

Develop professional contacts

Develop specialties

Be alert

Innovative opportunities

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Job Opportunities On-line

Browse job listings

Post resumes

Use special agents

(on-line employment agency)

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IS Careers

Systems analyst

Web technology

Database administrator

Programmer

Network manager

Computer support Specialist

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A Look to the Future

Take positive control

Concentrate on goals

Use computer to your

advantage

Gain control over technology