1)€¦ · aa a a aa a a aa aa a ... aba b = + ++ ++ == −+ ()( ) ab. 22 ab a b + −+ ab. 22 ab +...

6
1) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x + + + + + = ⎟⎜ + + + + + + + = + = + + + + + + = + = + = + 4 2 x x + + + 2 2 x 2 ( ) 2 2 2 x + ( ) 2 2 x + 1 5 2 x x = = + 1 2 x 1 5 6 3 2 2 2 = + = = 2) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 5 6 2 3 1 2 1 3 3 2 4 3 a a a a a a a a a a a a a + + = + + + + + + + + + = + = 3 a + ( )( ) 2 1 2 a a + + ( ) 3 a + ( ) 2 a + ( ) 3 a + 1 1 a = + 3) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa aa a a a a a a + = + + + + = + + + + = = + = = 2 a a + ( ) 2 1 a a + + ( ) 1 a ( )( ) 1 1 a a + + ( ) 1 a 2 a a = = a 2 = 4) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 1 4 4 4 x x xx x x x x x x xx + + + + + + ⎞⎛ + = ⎟⎜ + + ⎠⎝ 4 2 4 x = = 2 x + 8x + 2 16 2 x + 8 x ( ) 16 4 4 x xx = + 4 x ( ) 4 x x + 4 4 4 x = + 8) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 3 2 4 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 1 8 16 1 2 : 2 4 4 4 1 8 16 1 4 8 16 : 4 4 4 y y y y y y y y y y yy y y y y y y y ⎞⎛ + = ⎟⎜ ⎠⎝ + = + = ⎥⎜ ⎥⎝ ( ) 3 4 y y ( ) 2 4 4 y y = ( ) 2 4 y 1 =

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Page 1: 1)€¦ · aa a a aa a a aa aa a ... aba b = + ++ ++ == −+ ()( ) ab. 22 ab a b + −+ ab. 22 ab + =

1)

( ) ( )

( )( ) ( )( )

( )

2

2

2 2

2

22

2

2

1 2 1 1 442 2 4 4 4

1 2 1 1 4 42 2 2 2

1 2 2 1 2 1 22 2 2

1 22

x x xx x x x

x x x xx xx

x x x xxx

x

⎛ ⎞+ + ⎛ ⎞+ − ⋅ + + =⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟+ + + ⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠⎡ ⎤+ + + +

= + − ⋅ =⎢ ⎥+ +⎣ ⎦

+ + − + += + ⋅ =

+

= +4 2x x+ + + 22x− 2−

( )22 2x +

( )22x +⋅

1 52

x

x

=

= +1

2 x⋅

1 5 6 32 2 2

= + = =

2)

( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )22 2

1 1 1 15 6 2 31 2 1 33 2 4 3

a a a aa a a aa a a a

a

⎡ ⎤⎛ ⎞− + + = − +⎢ ⎥⎜ ⎟ + + + ++ + + +⎝ ⎠ ⎣ ⎦

=

+ =

3 a+ −

( ) ( )2

1 2a a−

+ + ( )3a +( )2a + ( )3a + 1

1a=

+

3)

( )( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( )( )

3 2

2 2

2

2

2

2

2

11 2 1

1 11 1 1

1 1 1 11 1

a a a a aaa a a

a a a a aa a aa

a a a a a aaa a

a

+ − −⎛ ⎞− ⋅ =⎜ ⎟− + +⎝ ⎠

+ − +⎡ ⎤= − ⋅⎢ ⎥+ − +⎣ ⎦

+ − − + −= ⋅ =

+ −

=

=

2a a+ −

( )21

a

a

+

+ ( )1a −

( )( )1 1a a+ +⋅

( )1a −

2

a

a

=

=a

2=

4)

( ) ( )( )

22 4 2 44 4 42 14 4 4

x x x xx x x xx x x x

+ + − ++ + +⎛ ⎞⎛ ⎞+ − − = ⋅⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟+ +⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠4−

2

4

x

=

=2x+ 8x+ 216 2x+ − 8x−

( )16

4 4x

x x⋅ =

+

4

x ( )4x

x⋅

+ 44

4x=

+

8)

( ) ( ) ( )

2 3 2 4 3 2 3

2

2 3 2 3 3

1 8 16 1 2: 24 4 4

1 8 16 1 4 8 16:4 4 4

y y y y y y y y

y yy y y y y y y y y

⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞− + − ⋅ =⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟

− − −⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

⎡ ⎤ ⎛ ⎞ − += − + − =⎢ ⎥ ⎜ ⎟

− − −⎢ ⎥ ⎝ ⎠⎣ ⎦ ( )

3

4

y

y⋅

( )24

4

y

y

−=

− ( )24y −1=

Page 2: 1)€¦ · aa a a aa a a aa aa a ... aba b = + ++ ++ == −+ ()( ) ab. 22 ab a b + −+ ab. 22 ab + =

9)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( )( ) ( ) ( )( )

2 22 1 2 16 6 6 1

6 18 6 33 12 9 3 4 3

2 1 2 4 16 13 1 3 6 3 6 1

n nn nn nn n n n

n n nnn n n n

⎡ ⎤− −⎛ ⎞ ⎢ ⎥− − = − ⋅ −⎜ ⎟ ⎢ ⎥− −− +⎝ ⎠ − +⎣ ⎦⎡ ⎤− − − +

= − ⋅ − =⎢ ⎥− − − −⎣ ⎦

=

( )( )6 1

3n

n⋅ −

−3n −

=3n −

1=

16)

( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )

( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )

( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )

223 2 3 2

2 22 2

2 22 2

2 2

2 22 2

1 1 11 1

1 1 1 11 1 1 1

1 1 1 11 1 1 1

1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 11 1 1 1

xx x x x x x

x xx x x x x x

x xx x x x

x xx x x x x x

xx xx x x x

⎛ ⎞− − =⎜ ⎟− − + + − −⎝ ⎠⎡ ⎤

= − + − =⎢ ⎥− − − + − +⎢ ⎥⎣ ⎦

⎡ ⎤⎢ ⎥= − + − =⎢ ⎥− − + −⎣ ⎦⎡ ⎤

= − + − =⎢ ⎥− + − + + −⎣ ⎦⎡ ⎤⎢ ⎥= − + − =⎢ ⎥− + + −⎣ ⎦

1 x+ −

( ) ( )2 2

1

1 1x x

+

− +( ) ( )2 21 1x x+ − 2=

18)

( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )

( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( )( )( ) ( )( ) ( )

( ) ( )( ) ( )( )

2 23 2 2 2 2

2 22

2

5 45 4 2 1 2 14 1 4 14 4 1 2 3 1 4 1 1 2 2 1

5 4 5 42 1 2 14 1 4 12 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 11 4 1

5 4 2 11 2 1 2 1

a aa a aa aa a a a a a a a a a a

a a a aa aa aa a a a a a a aa a

a a aa a a

⎡ ⎤++ + +⎛ ⎞⋅ − ⋅ − = − ⋅ −⎢ ⎥⎜ ⎟− − + − + − − − − − +⎝ ⎠ ⎢ ⎥⎣ ⎦⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤+ ++ +⎢ ⎥= − ⋅ − = − ⋅ −⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥− − − − + − − −− − ⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦

+ − +=

− + −

a =

=

( )( )2 1 2 1a a⋅ + −25 4a a+

=24 4a a− − ( ) ( )2 1 11 1

1 1

a aaa a

+ −− −= =

− − 1a−1a= +

22)

( )

( ) ( ) ( )

2

2

1 1 12 12 244 8 6 12

1 1 12 24 2 6 2

3 212

a a aa a

a a aa a

⎛ ⎞− ⋅ − − − =⎜ ⎟− −⎝ ⎠⎡ ⎤= − ⋅ − − − =⎢ ⎥− −⎣ ⎦

−=

( )2a −12⋅ ( ) ( )1 2a a+ − a a− = 1 a+ − 1=

24)

( ) ( )( )( )

2 21 11 11 11 1

1 111

a aa aa aa a

a

− − +− +− + −+ − =−

+1a− −

2

1

a

a

=

+

2 1a− + 2a− 2 1a− −

( )1a + ( )1

1a

a+

⋅−

4 aa

−=

− a− ( )4

11 aa=

−−

Page 3: 1)€¦ · aa a a aa a a aa aa a ... aba b = + ++ ++ == −+ ()( ) ab. 22 ab a b + −+ ab. 22 ab + =

26)

( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )( )

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )( )( ) ( )

( )( )( ) ( )( )( )( )

3

6 4 2 3 2 8

3

24 2 24 4

3

2 4 24 2 2

3 4

2 44 2

4

11 1 1 1

11

1 11 11 1 1

11

1 1 1 11 1 1 1

11 1

1 1 11 1 1 1 1

1

bb b b b b b b

bb

b b bb b bb b

bb

b b b bb b b

bb b b

b b bb b b b

b

b

−+ + + + + + ⋅ − + =

−+ + ++ + +

= ⋅ + − + =−

−+ + + +

= ⋅ + + − + =−

+ − +

+ + += ⋅ + + + − + =

=

3 4b b+ −

( )( )( ) ( )( )( )( )

( )

2 44 2

3

11 1 1

1 1 1 1 11

1

1

b b bb b b b

bb

b

+ + +⋅ + + + − + =

−−

=+ ( )2 1b + ( )4 1b +

11b

⋅−

( )4 1b⋅ + ( )2 1b + ( )1b + ( )1b − 31 1b+ = − 1+ 3b=

38)

( )( )2 2

1 11 1 22

2 2 23 21

y yx x x x

y x y x y x y x y yx xy y

x

+ = + =⎛ ⎞ ⎡ ⎤⎛ ⎞ −+ − − ⋅⎜ ⎟ ⎢ ⎥⎜ ⎟− − − −− + ⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠ ⎣ ⎦

=

y

x−( ) ( )2

yx y x y

+− −

2x y−⋅

1yy

y

+ =1

x y y⋅

y x y+ = − y+ x=

42)

( ) ( ) ( )( )2 1 0 1 2 2 2

213 3

3 6 3 2 1 22

3

x x x x 1x x x x x x x xx x x xx x

− ⎡ ⎤

x⎞ ⎛ ⎞− ⋅ + + + − = − ⋅ + + + − =⎢ ⎥⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟− − + −− −⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠⎣ ⎦

=

2 33

x x x+ −⋅

( )( )( ) ( )

( )( )

23 2 22 21 11 2

1 21 2x x xx x x x xx x

x x x xx x

x

+ + ++ + + −⋅ − = ⋅ − =

+ −+ −

=( )2x−

( )1x+ ( )2x−

( )1x+⋅

( )2 1x

x

+2 2x x− = 21 x+ − 1=

3) 4

22 21 1 1 8 16 14 4 4 2 4

x x xx x

⎛ ⎞⎡ ⎤ + +− =⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎢ ⎥ ⎜ ⎟+ −⎝ ⎠⎣ ⎦ ⎝ ⎠

⎛ ⎞ 4 x− −( )( )

( )22 244

4 4 2

14

xx x

⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ +− ⎢ ⎥ =⎢ ⎥+ − ⎢ ⎥⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦

=8−

( )( )( )

2 42 4 44 4 4

xx x

⎡ ⎤ +⎢ ⎥ =

+ −⎢ ⎥⎣ ⎦ ( )24x + ( )( ) 4

2

4

4

x

x

+

2

4( )( )

2

24

4

x

x

+=

Page 4: 1)€¦ · aa a a aa a a aa aa a ... aba b = + ++ ++ == −+ ()( ) ab. 22 ab a b + −+ ab. 22 ab + =

44)

( ) ( )( )

( ) ( )( ) ( )

( )( )

224 2

2 2 2 2

22 2

2 2

2

11 1 2 1 1 14 42 1 2 1 1 1

1 11 141 1

aa aa a a a a a

a aa a

a a

a

⎡ ⎤ −− +⎛ ⎞ ⎢ ⎥− ⋅ = − ⋅ =⎜ ⎟− + + +⎝ ⎠ ⎢ ⎥− +⎣ ⎦+ −⎡ ⎤+ − − ⎣ ⎦= ⋅ =

− +

=2 1a+ + 2a− 2 1a+ −

( ) ( )2 21 1a a− +

( ) ( )2 21 1a a+ −⋅

44

=4a a=

50)

3

4 3

11326

1 1 1 162 3

aa ab aba ba b b a a ba ab

aa aa b b a

⎡ ⎤⎛ ⎞⎢ ⎥⎜ ⎟ ⎛ ⎞+ + ⋅ + − =⎢ ⎥⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟− − +⎝ ⎠ −⎣ ⎦ ⎝ ⎠

⎛ ⎞= ⋅ + ⋅ +⎜ ⎟− −⎝ ⎠

3ba ( )

( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

2

3 3

3 2 2

3 3

3 2 2

3 3

262 3

6 62 3

a b aba ba b

a a b a ab b aba b b a a ba b

a a b a ab ba b a b a ba b

⎡ ⎤ + −⎢ ⎥ ⋅ =⎢ ⎥ +− ⎦⎧ ⎫⎡ ⎤ + + −⎪ ⎪= + + ⋅ =⎨ ⎬⎢ ⎥− − +−⎪ ⎪⎣ ⎦⎩ ⎭⎧ ⎫⎡ ⎤ + +⎪ ⎪= − + ⋅ =⎨ ⎬⎢ ⎥− − +−⎪ ⎪⎣ ⎦⎩ ⎭

3 26

a a−⋅

( )

( )( ) ( ) ( )

3 2 2

3 3

3 2 2 3 2 2 3

2 2 2 2

b a ab ba ba b a b

a b a ab b a a b ab ba b a ba b a ab b a b a ab b

⎧ ⎫ + +⎪ ⎪+ ⋅ =⎨ ⎬+− −⎪ ⎪⎩ ⎭

⎧ ⎫ + + + + +⎪ ⎪= + ⋅ =⎨ ⎬− +− + +⎪ ⎪ − + +⎩ ⎭

2 2a ab b+ +⋅

( ) ( )( )( )

( )2 2

a b

a ba a b b a ba b a b

=+

++ + += =

− +

( )( ) ( )

2 2a b

a b a b

+

− +

2 2a ba b+

=−

52)

( ) ( )

2

2 2

2 2

1 2 1 2 11 11 11 11 1

y y yy yy y

y y y y

+ + −+ + + +

− −− −= =

− + − +

22 2 1y y+ + − +

( )

( )( )

2

2

22

2 2

11

2 12 2 2 111

yy y

y yy yy yy

−=

− +

− +− += ⋅ =

− +− ( ) ( )2 2

11 1y y y

⋅− − + ( )2

21y

=−

55)

( ) ( )( ) ( )24 2 22

1 11 2 1 11 1 11

1

n nn n nn n n nn

n

⎡ ⎤⎛ ⎞+ − − + = + − −⎢ ⎥⎜ ⎟− − +−⎝ ⎠ ⎣ ⎦

= +

11

=−

1 n+ −

( )1n + ( )1n −( ) 21n⋅ + ( ) 21n − 1= 2 1n+ − 2n=

Page 5: 1)€¦ · aa a a aa a a aa aa a ... aba b = + ++ ++ == −+ ()( ) ab. 22 ab a b + −+ ab. 22 ab + =

56)

( )( ) ( )

( )( ) ( )( )( )( )

( )( ) ( )( )( )( )( ) ( ) ( )

23 242

23 22 2

2 222 2

2 2

3

11 111 1

11 11 1 1 1 1

1 1 11 1 1

1 1 1 1

1

n n n nnn n n

n n n nn n n n n n

n n n n nn n n

n n n n n

n

⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤⎢ ⎥+ − + + + =⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎣ ⎦−− + +⎣ ⎦

⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤⎢ ⎥− ⋅ + + + == + ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎣ ⎦− + + + + −⎣ ⎦

+ + − + + ⎡ ⎤⋅ + + + =⎢ ⎥⎣ ⎦+ − + + +

= +

= +

n+ 2n+ 31 n+ − 2n− n−

( )( ) ( )21 1 1n n n n+ − + + ( )2 1n +( )2 1n⋅ + ( )2 1n n+ +

( )( )21 11

1 1n

n n

=

−= + =

+ −1+

( )( ) ( )( )2

1 1 1 1n

n n n n=

+ − + −

57)

( )

( )( ) ( )

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )

2 2 32 2 2 2

3 2 22 2

2 2

1 1 6 52 3 2

1 1 5 63 2

1 1 5 63 2

ab a b aa ab b b ab a

a a b aba b a b a ab b

a a ab ba b a b a b a b

a

⎛ ⎞+ ⋅ − + =⎜ ⎟− − + −⎝ ⎠⎡ ⎤

= − ⋅ − +⎢ ⎥− + − −⎣ ⎦⎡ ⎤

=

⋅ − + =⎢ ⎥− + − +⎣ ⎦= −

2b a− −

( )( )3

3 2b

a b a b+

− −=

( )( )( )2 3a a b a b

a b⋅ − −

+b aba

a b a b= ⋅ =

+ +

65)

( )( )3 2 222 1 1 2 1

4 2 48 2 4 2 42 2 4x x xx x x x xx x x

x

⎡ ⎤+ +⎛ ⎞⎛ ⎞ ⎢ ⎥− − = − ⋅⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ ⎢ ⎥− + + + +⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠ − + +⎣ ⎦

=

2x −=

2 x+ −

( )2

2x+

− ( )22

2 4x

x x−

⋅+ + 2

14 2 4x x

=+ +

72)

( ) 34 3

3 RUFFINI12 2 1 1

3 2aa a a

a a++ − −

− =− −

( )( ) ( )2

1

2 1

a

a a

− +

2 21 212 2

a a a aa a

1− − + − +− = =

− −

3) 74 3

4a + 3 24

4 4

aa a aa a

+ +=

+

( )3 2

2

4a a

a

+ +

( )( )

2 RUFFINI

2

4 4

a

a a

+=

+ +

( )( )

2

2

2

2

a a

a a

− +

+ ( )2 2

2a aa a− +

=+

Page 6: 1)€¦ · aa a a aa a a aa aa a ... aba b = + ++ ++ == −+ ()( ) ab. 22 ab a b + −+ ab. 22 ab + =

74)

( ) ( )( )

( )( ) ( )

2

2 2 2

2

22

2

112 1

1 11 11

11 1 1 1

1

b a aba b b a ab a

b a a ba a b ba⎢⎣ b

b a ab aa b a b a a b b

ab a ba

⎛ ⎞⎛ ⎞+ − =⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟+− − − + +⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠

− +⎡ ⎤ ⋅ =⎥+ + +− + ⎦

− −⎡ ⎤= + ⋅ =⎢ ⎥+ + − − + + +⎣ ⎦

+ − −

= +

( )1a b− −=

( ) ( )1 1a b a b+ + − −

a⋅

( ) ( )

( )

1

1 1 11 1

1

b

a b ba b b

b

=+

+ − += ⋅ =

+ + +

+=

( )1 11 1

aa b b

−⋅

+ + +1

1a

a b−

=+ +

76)

( ) ( )

23 22

2

24 3 2 22

2

324 3 22

2 RUFFINI

5 11 10 31 2 212 3 2

5 11 10 2 3 2 2 2 3 212 3 2

1 25 9 7 2 2 1 212 3 2

x x xx xxx x

x x x x x x x xxx x

x xx x x x x xxx x

⎛ ⎞− + − ⎛ ⎞⋅ − ⋅ − − − =⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ −− − ⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠

⎛ ⎞− + − − + + − + −⎛ ⎞= ⋅ − =⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ −− − ⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠

− −⎡ ⎤− + − + − −⎛ ⎞= ⋅ − =⎢ ⎥ ⎜ ⎟−− − ⎝ ⎠⎢ ⎥⎣ ⎦ ( )2x − ( )( )( )

( )

22

2

3

2 12

2 1 1

1

xx x

− −

x

x⋅ − =+ −

−=

2 1x +( ) 22 1x +⋅( )21x −

2 22 2x x− = 22 1 2x x x+ − − − ( )1 1x x= − − = − +

80)

( )( )

( )

( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( )

243 1 4

2 2

4 23 4

2 2

4 3 43

2 2 2

4 4 4 4

2 2

4 4

1:

1 1:

1:

1:

b aa a a bb aa a b a b

b aa a baa a b a bb a

b a baaa a b a ba b

2

a a baa a b a b

b a

−⎡ ⎤⎛ ⎞⎢ ⎥− ⋅ − + =⎜ ⎟−⎝ ⎠⎢ ⎥− −⎣ ⎦⎡ ⎤ ⎛ ⎞⎢ ⎥= − ⋅ − ⋅ + =⎜ ⎟

⎝ ⎠⎢ ⎥− −−⎣ ⎦⎡ ⎤ ⎛ ⎞⎢ ⎥= − − + =⎜ ⎟⎢ ⎥− −− ⎝ ⎠⎣ ⎦

− −+ =

− −

−=

b=

1

a

( )2a

a b⋅

− 4 4a b− ( )

( )

2

2

1

1a b

a b

+ =−

= −− ( )2

1a b

+−

0=