1-6 - rotary steerable systems

Internal Use Only

Directional Drilling

Rotary Steerable Systems

Sperry Drilling Services

2007

Internal Use Only

1960 1970 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

PDM+

bent sub

Wirelinesteering

tool

MWD

2-DAdjustablestabilizer

Steerablemotor

AutoTrak

RSTGeo-Pilot

OGJ, Dec.21, 1998. pp 101

Evolution Of Directional Technology

Internal Use Only

Gullfaks “Designer” Wells

Internal Use Only

• Desire to rotate the drillstring 100% of the time– Improves weight transfer and ROP– Improves hole cleaning by constant agitation of

cuttings

• Desire to orient the bit and drill a directional well

• Goal: Decouple the method of bit deflection and orientation from the drill string

Rotary Steerable Concept

Internal Use Only

• Higher ROP due to absence of need to slide

• Longer reach with lower drag due to rotation

Drag RotatingDrag Sliding

Benefits Of RST Steering?

Internal Use Only

• 3330’ - 9006’ • Total 5676 feet in 2 runs• Starting Inclination - 33°• Dropped 2.5°/100’ while

turning 182° and building back to 55° inc at 3°/100’

• Oil based mud system

Run 1.4507 ft

Run 2.1120 ft

Spirit Energy 76 – Second Well

Internal Use Only

Friction Factors

Casing 0.18

Open Hole 0.22

Geo-Pilot Wellbore Drag Spirit Energy 76 Sweet Lake

50

100

150

200

3369 3996 5592 7752 8661

Depth (ft)

Tens

ion

(000

lbs)

Modeled

ActualP/U

P/U

P/U

P/U

P/U

S/O S/O

S/O S/O S/O

Friction Factors

Casing 0.18

Open hole 0.22

(Oil Based Mud)

RST

Internal Use Only

Geo-Pilot Wellbore Torque Spirit Energy 76 Sweet Lake

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

3369 3996 5592 7752 8661

Depth (ft)

Torq

ue (0

00 ft

-lbs)

Modeled

Actual

RST

Internal Use Only

1. Generation : Push–the-Bit

• direct bit force

• indirect bit force

2. Generation : Point–the-Bit

Rotary Steerable System Principles

Internal Use Only

3D RST systems

Push the Bit

Pointthe Bit

Pad deflector

Bttn deflector

Internaldeflection

NR sleeve

R sleeve

3 pads

4 pads

Eccentric weight

Vendor K

Vendor J

Vendor I

Vendor H

Vendor G

Vendor F

Vendor D

Vendor EVendor D

Vendor C

Vendor A

Vendor B

SPE 87165

Internal Use Only

Designed for the push-the-bit rotary steerable systems. Aggressive, short gauges are appropriate for high dogleg requirements. These bits are alsodesigned with longer, more passive gauges where hole quality is of concern.

Security DBS Hypersteer™ Bit

Internal Use Only

Designed for point-the –bit rotary steerable systems. generally feature longer, more passive gauge lengths. Like the others, they are optimized to match the mechanical system, the formation, and the required dogleg severity.

Security DBS Hypersteer™ Bit

Internal Use Only

• Centralizes bit so hole is drilled straighter

• Minimizes destructive motion and vibration

SlickBore™ Bit

Internal Use Only

The Players

Internal Use Only

• PathMaker® RSS

• Principle of operation : push-the-bit (indirect)• Tool size : 8” with ≈ 6°/100ft (operational)• 6-3/4” (building now)

www.pathfinderlwd.com

Pathfinder

Internal Use Only

• Camco SRD – Steerable Rotary Drilling

Principle of operation : push-the-bit (dynamic, with rotating housing)

Hole size - : 8-1/2”

Tool size - : 6-3/4”

Max. flow rate -------- : 500 gpm (-15 gpm through the actuators)

Max. dogleg rate ---- : approx. 8°/100ft

CAMCO is purchased by Schlumberger Inc. and incorporated into the Anadrill division

CAMCO Drilling Service & Co.

Internal Use Only

• PowerDrive Xceed

• Principle of operation : point-the-bit• Tool size : 6-1/2”• Hole sizes : 8-3/8” – 9-7/8”• Max. dogleg : 8°/100ft (could be pushed to 11°/100ft)• String RPM : up 350

• Note : the Xceed system is part of Schlumberger’s PowerDrive Xtra family of rotary steerable systems

www.slb.com/oilfield

Schlumberger Oilfield Services

Internal Use Only

• PowerDrive X5

• Principle of operation : point-the-bit

• Note : the X5 system is part of Schlumberger’s PowerDrive Xtra family of rotary steerable systems



Internal Use Only

• PowerDrive vorteX high-performance RSS

• Integrated with a high-torque power section



Internal Use Only

• PowerV Rotary Steerable System

• Purpose : to automatically drill an optimized vertical well

• Max. temperature : 300°F (150°C)

Source : E&P October 2004, pp.34


Internal Use Only

• AGS


Note : the point-the-bit technology is patented to Cambridge D.A.

Sperry has a partial license

Cambridge Drilling Automation

Internal Use Only

• REVOLUTION™ Slimhole Rotary Steerable SystemPrinciple of operation : point-the-bit

Hole size : 6 – 6-3/4”

Tool size : 4-3/4” , max. OD 6-3/32”

Max. operating temperature : 150°C

Max. survival temperature - : 165°C

Max. operating pressure ---- : 25,000 psi

Max. flow rate ------------------ : 400 gpm

Max. build rate ----------------- : 10°/100ft

Max. kickoff angle ------------- : 0°

Computalog Drilling Services

www.precisiondrilling.com/revolution

Precision Drilling

Internal Use Only

• WELL-GUIDE RSS™ Rotary Steerable System

Principle of operation : point-the-bit

Hole size : 12-1/4” – 22”

Indicated WOB : 70,000 lb

Rotary speed - : 250 rpm

Max. operating temperature : 125°C

Max. build rate ----------------- : 3°/100ft

Max. kickoff angle ------------- : any

Steering reference : gravity toolface

Gyrodata Drilling Automation Ltd

Internal Use Only

• WELL DIRECTOR® Rotary Steerable System

Principle of operation : push-the-bit, gyro orientation based

Hole size : 8-1/2” - 11”; 12-1/4” – 17-1/2”; 14-3/4” – 26”

Tool sizes : 6-1/2” ; 9-1/2” ; 11”

Azimuth steering accuracy : 0.3°

Transmission method : positive pulse telemetry

Drilling Services GmbH

DMT WellDone

Internal Use Only

• AutoTrak

• Principle of operation: push-the-bit (static, with stationary housing)• Hole sizes : 8-1/2” ; 12-1/4”• Control system : Rotary Closed Loop System (RCLS) • with 2-way comms.• Telemetry : uplink positive mud pulse• downlink negative mud pulse• Transmission rates : 1 ; 1.24 ; 1.66 ; 2.5 ; 5 sec/bit

Baker Hughes INTEQ

Internal Use Only

• VertiTrak® Vertical Drilling Service

• Principle of operation : push-the -bit

• A drilling motor (Xtreme® power section) combined with a three-pad steering system and an inclination sensor on top of the tool. It can be used in oriented mode, too (closed loop inclination control)

Source : www.bakerhughes.com

Baker Hughes INTEQ

Internal Use Only

• VertiTrak® Vertical Drilling Service

• Principle of operation : push-the -bit

• A drilling motor (Xtreme® power section) combined with a three-pad steering system and an inclination sensor on top of the tool. It can be used in oriented mode, too (closed loop inclination control)

Baker Hughes INTEQ

Source : www.bakerhughes.com

Internal Use Only

• RDC

Andergauge Ltd

Internal Use Only

Dynamic Guidance System (GDS)

Directional Drilling Dynamics Ltd

Internal Use Only

3-D Stabiliser Tool

3D Stabilisers Ltd

Internal Use Only

• EZ-Pilot™ instrumented near-bit stabilizer

• Type of tool : push the bit

• Communication to tool : by RPM commands

to surface : mud pulse telemetry (via MWD)

• Tool sizes : 850 (8-1/2”)

1225 (12-1/4”)

• Max. performance : 8°/100 ft


Internal Use Only

System 850 System 1225Tool OD --------------------- 6-3/4” 8”Min. kick-off angle -------- 0° 0°Design performance ----- 8°/100 ft 8°/100 ftRPM, max. ----------------- 280 280Flow max., gpm ----------- 1,400 1,400Working temp. max., °F - 302 (150C) 257 (125 C)Incl. accuracy @ 2σ ------ ±0.1° ±0.1°Incl. measuring range --- 0-100° 0-100°

EZ-Pilot™


Internal Use Only

• GeoPilot™


• Tool sizes : 9600, 7600 and 5200 systems• Features : Azimuthal gamma 3 ft from the bit (Series II.)

Cruise control (Series II.)

• 9600 system is used in 12-1/4” – 17-1/2” holes• 7600 8-3/8” – 10-5/8” • 5200 6” – 6-3/4”


Internal Use Only

Internal Use Only

shaft

cantilever bearing prevents shaft from

bending above itfocal bearing allows bit to tilt

eccentric rings bend shaft

drill bit tilts inopposite direction of bend

creating a toolface

The ‘Point-The-Bit’ Principle Of Operation

Internal Use Only

Toolface Direction

Drilling Fluid

Inner Eccentric Ring

Supports

Shaft

Outer Eccentric Ring

Housing

Shaft Deflection By Eccentric Rings

Internal Use Only

• Rotating Shaft is deflected in center between bearings with dual eccentric cams

• Results in bit tilt in opposite direction

The Principle

Internal Use Only

Neutral Position

Maximum Deflection

Intermediate Deflection

Deflecting Mechanism

Internal Use Only

• 2nd Generation - “Point-the-Bit”– Capable of utilizing long gauge bits

• Tool Length - 20 ft. + 10 ft. flex collar• At-Bit Inclination (ABI™) - 3 ft. from bit

- 3-axis Azim Gamma

• 6 of 8 electronics boards come from proven Sperry-Sun LWD tools

• Completely integrated into LWD system for real-time data transmission

• 2-way tool comms from surface (GeoSpan)• Backup tool comms via RPM and pump sequences

System Description

Internal Use Only

• Hole Size : 8-3/8” to 8-7/8” (requires rebuild for each size)

• Max run life with continuous orientations : 200+ hours (Li Battery Powered)

• MWD configuration required :

– Downhole SSDS FEWD interface• Directional module• Smart driver controller• HCIM

– Surface uses INSITE™ system

Operating Considerations7600 System

Internal Use Only

• Max Flow Rate 650 gpm• Max Build Rate 4.38°/100 ft• Max Drop Rate 5.20°/100 ft• Max Turn Rate 5.00°/100 ft• Max Build Rate,Phase-B 6-7°/100 ft

Note : Bend aggressiveness can be adjusted prior to run from 0-100%. 100% corresponds to numbers above

Performance Data7600 System

Internal Use Only

• Max Flow Rate 5,000 lb/min• Min. Steering Angle 15°• Design performance 10°/100 ft• Max DLS when Sliding 25°/100 ft• Max DLS when Reaming 14°/100 ft• RPM Range 60 - 180• Max Operating Temperature 284°F (140°C)

• Note : Bend aggressiveness can be adjusted prior to run from 0-100%. 100% corresponds to numbers above

Performance Data5200 System

Internal Use Only

• Max Weight On Bit 55,000 lb.f• Max Torque 20,000 ft.lbs• Max Overpull 275,000 lbs• Ultimate Overpull 575,000 lbs• Max RPM 250• Length 18’

• Note: Phase B uses larger bent mechanics

Mechanical Performance7600 System

Internal Use Only

• ABI is 3’ from bottom of tool

• Sensor accuracy +/- 0.1° @ 2

(rotation-off condition while surveying).

• System accuracy +/- 0.3 @ 2

• All other FEWD sensors go on top of 18’ tool and

sensor points are standard from that point upward

Sensor Locations and Accuracy

Internal Use Only

Uplink For DataGeoSpan™

SPPHigh frequencypulses

measured data

Internal Use Only

Downlink For DataGeoSpan™

SPP

low frequencypulses

commands

Discharge line

Internal Use Only

Open (manual), or closed loop control

• Closed loop for TF and deflection % only• Inclination and AZ controlled by DD

IADC / SPE 74458

SPPHigh frequencypulses

measured data

low frequencypulses

commands

Discharge line

GeoPilot Control LoopGeoSpan™

Internal Use Only

The Downlink UnitGeoSpan™

Internal Use Only

TIME (minutes)

MODE 1straight position

MODE 2oriented, same TF

MODE 3oriented, new TF

Start rotary first, pumps in 20 sec.

Pumps first, rotary in < 1 minute

Pumps first, rotary in > 1 minute

Set New TF

Pumps

Rotary

Pumps

Pumps

Rotary

Rotary

BackupCommunication Sequence

Internal Use Only

• Max Temperature: 140°C• Max Pressure: 18,000 psi• Max Vibration: 20 g rms 5-500 Hz• Mud Types: Water / Oil (Invert)

no 2 phase mud !

Environmental Specifications

Internal Use Only

GeoPilot™

Internal Use Only

Prepared For Running

Internal Use Only

Reference Stabilizer

Internal Use Only

At-Bit-Inclination Insert ‘Shake & Bake’ Test

Internal Use Only

Electronics / Lithium Battery Insert

Internal Use Only

Drilling Test

Internal Use Only

• Picture shows Dec.1998 test

• Highside / Lowside slot

entrances

Drilling Test On Concrete Block

Internal Use Only

41” approx.

Lowside exit hole at end of 64’ concrete block. Almost drilled through the floor!

Highside exit hole at end of 64’ concrete block

Exit Points On 64’ Concrete Block

Internal Use Only

Build/Drop Performance inConcrete Drilling Test, Dec. 18, 1998

LowSide

HighSide

Measured Depth (Feet)

80

Incl

inat

ion

(D

egre

es)

86.0

87.0

88.0

89.0

90.0

91.0

92.0

93.0

0 20 40 60

4.38°/100' Build Rate

5.2°/100' Drop Rate

Internal Use Only

Field Test No. 1 – Tripping Out Of The HoleAmoco, Caroline Jan. 28-30, 1999

Internal Use Only

System drilled from 52º to horizontal with excellent performance results

Field Test No. 2 – Filling The ToolCatoosa, Oklahoma May 10, 1999

Internal Use Only

SlickBore™ Bit

Internal Use Only

What A Bit…..!

Internal Use Only

The GeoPilot Is Ready To Go…

Internal Use Only

1-6 - rotary steerable systems

Documents