1-1basic principle of pv(day1)
DESCRIPTION
solar PVTRANSCRIPT
Template for e7 PresentationsMarshall Islands March 31-April 11,
2008
1. Solar Photovoltaic Theory
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1.Basic principle of PV
1-1-1. Mechanism of generation
1-1-3. Installation example
1-1-4. Basic characteristic
1-1-5. Case sturdy
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-1. Mechanism of generation
Mechanism of generation
The solar cell is composed of a P-type semiconductor and an N-type semiconductor. Solar light hitting the cell produces two types of electrons, negatively and positively charged electrons in the semiconductors.
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
I will introduce the principle to begin with.
Solar cell, invented in the USA in 1954, is a kind of semiconductor to convert energy of light directly into electricity. Most semiconductor used for solar cell are silicon semiconductors and it is composed of P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor.
Sunlight hitting the cell produces two types of electrons, negatively charged and positively charged electrons in the semiconductors. Negatively charged electrons gather around N-type semiconductor while positively charged electrons gather around P-type semiconductor.
When youconnect loads such as a light bulb or motor, electric current occurs between two electrodes.
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-1. Mechanism of generation
Current appears
?
reverse
By Solar Energy, current is pumped up from N-pole to P-pole.
In generation, current appears reverse. It is the same as for battery.
I will introduce the principle to begin with.
Solar cell, invented in the USA in 1954, is a kind of semiconductor to convert energy of light directly into electricity. Most semiconductor used for solar cell are silicon semiconductors and it is composed of P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor.
Sunlight hitting the cell produces two types of electrons, negatively charged and positively charged electrons in the semiconductors. Negatively charged electrons gather around N-type semiconductor while positively charged electrons gather around P-type semiconductor.
When youconnect loads such as a light bulb or motor, electric current occurs between two electrodes.
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-1. Mechanism of generation
(V)
(A)
Voltage(V)
Current(I)
0.5V (in case of Silicon PV)
Current depend on
- Intensity of insolation
- Size of cell
I will introduce the principle to begin with.
Solar cell, invented in the USA in 1954, is a kind of semiconductor to convert energy of light directly into electricity. Most semiconductor used for solar cell are silicon semiconductors and it is composed of P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor.
Sunlight hitting the cell produces two types of electrons, negatively charged and positively charged electrons in the semiconductors. Negatively charged electrons gather around N-type semiconductor while positively charged electrons gather around P-type semiconductor.
When youconnect loads such as a light bulb or motor, electric current occurs between two electrodes.
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-1. Mechanism of generation
( Si = 0.5V )
I will introduce the principle to begin with.
Solar cell, invented in the USA in 1954, is a kind of semiconductor to convert energy of light directly into electricity. Most semiconductor used for solar cell are silicon semiconductors and it is composed of P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor.
Sunlight hitting the cell produces two types of electrons, negatively charged and positively charged electrons in the semiconductors. Negatively charged electrons gather around N-type semiconductor while positively charged electrons gather around P-type semiconductor.
When youconnect loads such as a light bulb or motor, electric current occurs between two electrodes.
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-2. Various type of PV cell
Types and Conversion Efficiency of Solar Cell
Crystalline
Non-crystalline
x
100%
Variety of solar cell and conversion efficiency
There are 2 major types of solar cell: one using silicon semiconductor and one using compound semiconductor. Solar cell using silicon semiconductor is further divided into crystalline and non-crystalline or amorphous semiconductor.The crystalline type silicon semiconductor is widely used for its high conversion rate and reliability track record. The amorphous type semiconductor performs well even under a fluorescent lamp, so, it is used as a source of power for calculators and wrist watches.
Compound semiconductor’s conversion rate is very high. But it is difficult to obtain.
Organic semiconductor is under development for further reducing cost.
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-2. Various type of PV cell
Crystal cell (Single crystal and Poly crystalline Silicon)
Single crystal
Poly crystalline
Formed by melting high purity silicon like as Integrated Circuit
For mass production, cell is sliced from roughly crystallized ingot.
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-2. Various type of PV cell
Surface of PV cell
Anti reflection film
(Blue colored film)
Example of Poly Crystalline PV
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-2. Various type of PV cell
PV Module (Single crystal, Poly crystalline Silicon)
Single crystal
Poly crystalline
Solar Panels (Single-crystal and Polycrystalline Silicon)
On the left is a single-crystal silicon solar panel. Single-crystal is formed by melting high purity silicon, then sliced very thinly and processed into solar panel.
On the right is a polycrystalline silicon solar panel. To reduce the cost of solar panels, metal silicon pure enough to manufacture solar cell is poured into a mold and crystallized. Solar cell consists of many crystalline silicon.
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-2. Various type of PV cell
Hierarchy of PV
2 – 3 W
100 - 200 W
10 - 50 kW
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-2. Various type of PV cell
Roughly size of PV Power Station.
How much PV can we install in this conference room?
1 kw PV need 10 m2
Please remember
We can install about
(108 feet2)
(2,178 feet2)
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-3. Installation example
(Almost 85% PV in Japan )
Owner can sell excess power to power utility.
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-3. Installation example
(For education and emergency power)
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-3. Installation example
Relay station on top of mountain
Advertising sign beside highway
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-3. Installation example
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-3. Installation example
Site: Funafuti Tuvalu
and CO2 reduction.
30kW array
10kW array
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-3. Installation example
Solar cell capacity: 3.4kW
Wind Power capacity: 1.8kW
Purpose: For lighting, refrigerator
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-3. Installation example
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-4. Basic Characteristic
I / V curve and P-Max control
To obtain maximum power, current control (or voltage control) is very important.
A
V
P
N
(V)
(A)
Voltage(V)
Current(I)
P- Max control
“Power conditioner” (mentioned later) will adjusts to be most suitable voltage and current automatically.
Power curve
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-4. Basic Characteristic
PV character
( I/V curve )
A
P
N
cross point of resistance character and
PV-Character will be following point.
Then power is 10x0.5=5 W
Ohm’s theory
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-4. Basic Characteristic
Current is affected largely by change of insolation intensity.
Partially shaded serial cell will produce current mismatch.
Bypass Diode
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-4. Basic Characteristic
Temperature and efficiency
The module must be cooled by natural ventilation, etc.
Module Temperature (deg.C)
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-5. Case sturdy
1.Maximum power control
Q : Calculate how much power you can get by following three resistance. ( I / V curve is next page)
P
N
P
N
P
N
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-5. Case sturdy
1.Maximum power control
(V)
(A)
Voltage(V)
Current(I)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-5. Case sturdy
2.Temperature vs. Efficiency
Q: There is 50 kW Crystalline PV system.
If surface temperature rises from 25ºC to 65ºC, How much the capacity will be?
R
V
I
1. Solar Photovoltaic Theory
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1.Basic principle of PV
1-1-1. Mechanism of generation
1-1-3. Installation example
1-1-4. Basic characteristic
1-1-5. Case sturdy
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-1. Mechanism of generation
Mechanism of generation
The solar cell is composed of a P-type semiconductor and an N-type semiconductor. Solar light hitting the cell produces two types of electrons, negatively and positively charged electrons in the semiconductors.
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
I will introduce the principle to begin with.
Solar cell, invented in the USA in 1954, is a kind of semiconductor to convert energy of light directly into electricity. Most semiconductor used for solar cell are silicon semiconductors and it is composed of P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor.
Sunlight hitting the cell produces two types of electrons, negatively charged and positively charged electrons in the semiconductors. Negatively charged electrons gather around N-type semiconductor while positively charged electrons gather around P-type semiconductor.
When youconnect loads such as a light bulb or motor, electric current occurs between two electrodes.
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-1. Mechanism of generation
Current appears
?
reverse
By Solar Energy, current is pumped up from N-pole to P-pole.
In generation, current appears reverse. It is the same as for battery.
I will introduce the principle to begin with.
Solar cell, invented in the USA in 1954, is a kind of semiconductor to convert energy of light directly into electricity. Most semiconductor used for solar cell are silicon semiconductors and it is composed of P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor.
Sunlight hitting the cell produces two types of electrons, negatively charged and positively charged electrons in the semiconductors. Negatively charged electrons gather around N-type semiconductor while positively charged electrons gather around P-type semiconductor.
When youconnect loads such as a light bulb or motor, electric current occurs between two electrodes.
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-1. Mechanism of generation
(V)
(A)
Voltage(V)
Current(I)
0.5V (in case of Silicon PV)
Current depend on
- Intensity of insolation
- Size of cell
I will introduce the principle to begin with.
Solar cell, invented in the USA in 1954, is a kind of semiconductor to convert energy of light directly into electricity. Most semiconductor used for solar cell are silicon semiconductors and it is composed of P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor.
Sunlight hitting the cell produces two types of electrons, negatively charged and positively charged electrons in the semiconductors. Negatively charged electrons gather around N-type semiconductor while positively charged electrons gather around P-type semiconductor.
When youconnect loads such as a light bulb or motor, electric current occurs between two electrodes.
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-1. Mechanism of generation
( Si = 0.5V )
I will introduce the principle to begin with.
Solar cell, invented in the USA in 1954, is a kind of semiconductor to convert energy of light directly into electricity. Most semiconductor used for solar cell are silicon semiconductors and it is composed of P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor.
Sunlight hitting the cell produces two types of electrons, negatively charged and positively charged electrons in the semiconductors. Negatively charged electrons gather around N-type semiconductor while positively charged electrons gather around P-type semiconductor.
When youconnect loads such as a light bulb or motor, electric current occurs between two electrodes.
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-2. Various type of PV cell
Types and Conversion Efficiency of Solar Cell
Crystalline
Non-crystalline
x
100%
Variety of solar cell and conversion efficiency
There are 2 major types of solar cell: one using silicon semiconductor and one using compound semiconductor. Solar cell using silicon semiconductor is further divided into crystalline and non-crystalline or amorphous semiconductor.The crystalline type silicon semiconductor is widely used for its high conversion rate and reliability track record. The amorphous type semiconductor performs well even under a fluorescent lamp, so, it is used as a source of power for calculators and wrist watches.
Compound semiconductor’s conversion rate is very high. But it is difficult to obtain.
Organic semiconductor is under development for further reducing cost.
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-2. Various type of PV cell
Crystal cell (Single crystal and Poly crystalline Silicon)
Single crystal
Poly crystalline
Formed by melting high purity silicon like as Integrated Circuit
For mass production, cell is sliced from roughly crystallized ingot.
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-2. Various type of PV cell
Surface of PV cell
Anti reflection film
(Blue colored film)
Example of Poly Crystalline PV
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-2. Various type of PV cell
PV Module (Single crystal, Poly crystalline Silicon)
Single crystal
Poly crystalline
Solar Panels (Single-crystal and Polycrystalline Silicon)
On the left is a single-crystal silicon solar panel. Single-crystal is formed by melting high purity silicon, then sliced very thinly and processed into solar panel.
On the right is a polycrystalline silicon solar panel. To reduce the cost of solar panels, metal silicon pure enough to manufacture solar cell is poured into a mold and crystallized. Solar cell consists of many crystalline silicon.
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-2. Various type of PV cell
Hierarchy of PV
2 – 3 W
100 - 200 W
10 - 50 kW
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-2. Various type of PV cell
Roughly size of PV Power Station.
How much PV can we install in this conference room?
1 kw PV need 10 m2
Please remember
We can install about
(108 feet2)
(2,178 feet2)
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-3. Installation example
(Almost 85% PV in Japan )
Owner can sell excess power to power utility.
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-3. Installation example
(For education and emergency power)
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-3. Installation example
Relay station on top of mountain
Advertising sign beside highway
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-3. Installation example
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-3. Installation example
Site: Funafuti Tuvalu
and CO2 reduction.
30kW array
10kW array
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-3. Installation example
Solar cell capacity: 3.4kW
Wind Power capacity: 1.8kW
Purpose: For lighting, refrigerator
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-3. Installation example
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-4. Basic Characteristic
I / V curve and P-Max control
To obtain maximum power, current control (or voltage control) is very important.
A
V
P
N
(V)
(A)
Voltage(V)
Current(I)
P- Max control
“Power conditioner” (mentioned later) will adjusts to be most suitable voltage and current automatically.
Power curve
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-4. Basic Characteristic
PV character
( I/V curve )
A
P
N
cross point of resistance character and
PV-Character will be following point.
Then power is 10x0.5=5 W
Ohm’s theory
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-4. Basic Characteristic
Current is affected largely by change of insolation intensity.
Partially shaded serial cell will produce current mismatch.
Bypass Diode
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-4. Basic Characteristic
Temperature and efficiency
The module must be cooled by natural ventilation, etc.
Module Temperature (deg.C)
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-5. Case sturdy
1.Maximum power control
Q : Calculate how much power you can get by following three resistance. ( I / V curve is next page)
P
N
P
N
P
N
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-5. Case sturdy
1.Maximum power control
(V)
(A)
Voltage(V)
Current(I)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
e8 / PPA Solar PV Design Implementation O&M
Marshall Islands March 31-April 11, 2008
1-1-5. Case sturdy
2.Temperature vs. Efficiency
Q: There is 50 kW Crystalline PV system.
If surface temperature rises from 25ºC to 65ºC, How much the capacity will be?
R
V
I