0940-1000 sewage flow and load - case study of uitm shah alam … sewage flow and l… · study of...

SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD

STUDY – CASE STUDY OF UiTM

SHAH ALAM

SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD STUDY –CASE OF UiTM SHAH ALAM

Baki, A., Jaafar, J., Mohd Zaki, Z., Abu Bakar, A.A., Atan, I., Ashaari, Y., Abu Salim, N.H., Shamsuddin, R. and Idris, N.A.

ENVIRAB SERVICESFACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, UiTM SHAH ALAM

A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND

EXHIBITION, EXHIBITION,

2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013

25 APRIL 2013

Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre

Azinoor Azida Abu Bakar



SHAH ALAMCONTENTS

� Flow and Load for sewerage facilities

� Standards Flow and Load in Malaysia

� Flow and Load for academic institutions

� Methods



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� Methods

� Results

� Concluding Remarks



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1. FLOW AND LOAD FOR SEWERAGE FACILITIES

� Sewerage Facilities, including sewers, pumping stations and sewage treatment plants, are designed according to flowrates (hydraulic loads).

� Flowrates – calculated from Population Equivalent (PE) and per capita flow.



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Equivalent (PE) and per capita flow.

� Sewage treatment plants process design are based on pollutant loads – from the concentration of the pollutants in the raw sewage.



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2. STANDARDS FLOW AND LOADS

MS 1228 – 1991 and Sewerage Industry Guidelines 2009

�Average Flow per capita = 225 litres / PE / day.

�Average Dry Weather Flow = Average Flow per capita x PE



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capita x PE

�Peak flow factor is given as:

�4.7 x (PE/1000)-0.11

�Peak flow = Average Dry Weather Flow x Peak flow factor



SHAH ALAM

Population Equivalent (PE)Type of Premises/Establishments PE

Residential 5 per house

Commercial 3 per 100 m2 gross area

School-Day schools-Fully Residential-Partial Residential

0.2 per student1 per student

0.2 per non-residential student1 per residential student

Hospitals 4 per bed

Hotels with dining and laundry 4 per room

Factories, excluding process water 0.3 per staff

Market (wet) 3 per stall

Market (dry) 1 per stall



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Petrol kiosks/Service Station 15 per toilets

Bus terminal 4 per bus bay

Taxi Terminal 4 per taxi bay

Place of Worship 0.2 per person

Stadium 0.2 per person

Swimming pool/Sport Complex 0.5 per person

Public Toilet 15 per toilet

Airport 0.2 per passenger bay0.3 per employee

Laundry 10 per machine

Prison 1 per person

Golf 20 per hole



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Loads

Sewerage Industry Guidelines 2009

Parameters Design Influent Value (mg/l)

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)

250

Suspended Solids (SS) 300



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Suspended Solids (SS) 300

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 500

Total Nitrogen (TN) 50

Ammoniacal nitrogen (AMN) 30

Total Phosphorus (TP) 10



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� The PE estimation used for academic institutions, including schools, colleges and universities:

�1 PE per residential students

�0.2 PE per non -residential students

3. FLOW AND LOADS FOR ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS



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�0.2 PE per non -residential students



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� The objectives of this study:

�Compare the Average Flow per capita to the standard of 225 litres/ PE/ day.

�Compare the actual concentration of pollutants to the standard concentrations.

Objectives



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to the standard concentrations.



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� Three sewage treatment plants selected for this study:

�Chancellery sewage treatment plant

�Mawar College sewage treatment plant

�ROTU sewage treatment plant

4. METHOD



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�ROTU sewage treatment plant



SHAH ALAMChancellery STP

Chancellery’s Sewage

Treatment Plant.



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Plant.



SHAH ALAMChancellery STP



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Mawar College STP



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SHAH ALAMROTU STP

ROTU,UiTM STP



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SHAH ALAMROTU STP



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SHAH ALAM

� Surveys to be conducted at college of residents connected to the STP to determine the residential PE.

� Surveys to be conducted at faculties connected to the STP to determine the non -residential PE.

PE



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SHAH ALAM

� Continuous flows at the inlet of the STP will be recorded using flowmeters.

� Dry and wet days will be identified using rainfall data.

Flows



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SHAH ALAM

� Grab samples to be taken only at the inlets to the STPs.

� Tests to be conducted according to Standard Method and HACH Method at the Environmental Laboratory of the Faculty of Civil Engineering UiTM Shah Alam.

Loads



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UiTM Shah Alam.



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Loads

No. Parameter Part Standard Method/HACH Method

1. Solids Part 2000 – Physical and Aggregate Properties

Standard Method2540 D. Total Suspended Solids Dried at 103o-105oC

2. Total Phosphorus (TP)

Method 8048 HACH MethodPhos Ver 3 (Ascorbic Acid) Method (0.02 to 2.5 mg/L)

3. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

Part 5000 – Aggregate Organic Constituents

Standard Method5210 B. 5-Day BOD Test



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Demand (BOD) Constituents 5210 B. 5-Day BOD Test

4. Total Nitrogen (TN) Method 10071 HACH MethodPersulfate Digestion Method (0.5 to 25.0 mg/L)

5. Ammoniacal Nitrogen (AMN)

Method 8038 HACH MethodNessler Method (0.02 to 2.5 mg/L)

6. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

Part 5000: Aggregate Organic Constituents

Standard MethodPart 5220: Reactor Digestion Method



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Connected Properties Actual Population Equivalent, PE

Seroja 1 356

Seroja 2 524

�Chancellery STP

�Design PE = 2500

5. RESULTS



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Seroja 2 524

Seroja 3 338

Seroja Management 14

Chancellery Building 44.6

Total 1276.6



SHAH ALAMChancellery STP - flow



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Chancellery STP – loads

PARAMETERACTUALVALUES

(mg/l)

DESIGN VALUES

(mg/l)

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 93.1 250

Suspended Solid (SS) 90 300



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Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 405 500

Total Nitrogen (TN) 22.5 50

Ammoniacal Nitrogen ( AMN ) 20.97 30

Total Phosphorus (TP) 4.86 10



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Chancellery STP

�Flow per Capita

� PE = 1276.6 (only 51% of capacity, design = 2500 PE )

� Average Flow = 205.5 m 3/day (from graph)

� Flow per capita = 0.161 m 3/PE/day (lower, compared to 0.225 in the standards)



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�Loads

� All actual concentrations are lower than the standa rds.

� SS has highest deviation (only 30% of standards), followed by BOD (37%), TN (45%), TP (47%), AMN (70% ) and COD (81%).



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Mawar College

Location Actual Population Equivalent, (PE)

Kolej Mawar 3400.4

Kolej Melati 3328.6

�Design PE = 8000



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Kolej Melati 3328.6

Menara Sains & Teknologi 1808

Dataran Cendekia 3

Total actual population equivalent (PE) 8540



SHAH ALAMMawar STP



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Mawar STP – loads

Parameter Actual values (mg/L) Design values (mg/L) (SPAN, 2009)


168 250

Suspended Solids (SS) 144 300

Chemical Oxygen Demand 243 500



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Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

243 500

Total Nitrogen (TN) 30 50

Ammoniacal Nitrogen (AMN)

22.05 30




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Mawar STP

�Flow per Capita

� PE = 8540 (slightly over 0.4%, design = 8500 PE)


� Flow per capita = 0.179 m 3/PE/day (lower, compared to 0.225 in the standards)



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�Loads


� SS has highest deviation (only 48% of standards), followed by TP (49%), COD (49%), TN (60%), BOD (67% ) and AMN (73%).



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ROTU

Connected Properties Actual Population Equivalent, PE

Kenanga College 517.9

Perindu College 1304.2

�Design PE = 1500



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SUKSIS 5.1

Block Cempaka 444.3

Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Tower 1080.9

Total 3352.4



SHAH ALAMROTU STP



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SHAH ALAM

ROTU STP – loads

Parameter Actual Influent Values (mg/l)

Design Influent Values (mg/l)


89.4 250

Suspended Solids (SS) 153 300

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

141.3 500



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Demand (COD)

Total Nitrogen (TN) 30.3 50

Ammoniacal nitrogen (AMN)

18.9 30




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ROTU STP

�Flow per Capita

� PE = 3352.4 (223% loaded, design = 1500 PE)


� Flow per capita = 0.854 m 3/PE/day (higher, compared to 0.225 in the standards)



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�Loads


� COD has highest deviation (only 28% of standards), followed by BOD (36%), TP (50%), SS (51%), TN (61%) and AMN (63%).



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5. CONCLUDING REMARKS

�PE survey shows:

� Chancellery STP only 51% loaded – newest STP.

� Mawar STP has 100.4% loading.

� ROTU STP operating at 223% loading – oldest STP –



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� ROTU STP operating at 223% loading – oldest STP –need to be upgraded.



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Flow per capita

�Flow per capita:

� Chancellery & Mawar lower than standards

Flow per capita (m3/PE/day)

0.6

0.8

1

Flo

w p

er c

apita

/P

E/d

ay)



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standards

� ROTU higher than standards 0

0.2

0.4

Chancellery Mawar ROTU

STP

Flo

w p

er c

apita

(m

3 /PE

/day

)

MS 1228-1991



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Loads

All parameters for all STP lower than standards

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

Load

(m

g/L

)

Chancellery Influent Values (mg/l)

Mawar Influent Values (mg/l)



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0

50

100

150

200

BiochemicalOxygenDemand(BOD5)

SuspendedSolids (SS)

ChemicalOxygen

Demand (COD)

Total Nitrogen(TN)

Ammoniacalnitrogen (AMN)

TotalPhosphorus

(TP)

Parameters

Load

(m

g/L

)

ROTU Influent Values (mg/l)

Design Influent Values (mg/l)



SHAH ALAM



2323--25 APRIL 201325 APRIL 2013

0940-1000 sewage flow and load - case study of uitm shah alam … sewage flow and l… · study of...

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