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www.processinstruments.co.uk Process Instruments (UK) Ltd. Dr Rob Paramore- Process Instruments (UK) Ltd. Coagulation Control Using UV254– the Theory and the Reality

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Page 1: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

www.processinstruments.co.uk

Process Instruments (UK) Ltd.

Dr Rob Paramore- Process Instruments (UK) Ltd.

Coagulation Control Using UV254– the

Theory and the Reality

Page 2: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

www.processinstruments.co.uk

Discussion points

• What is coagulation?

• Why do we want to automate this process and how can this be done?

• How do UV254 instruments work?

• How UV254 is used to automate the coagulation process?

• What are the issues with using UV254 to control coagulation?

Page 3: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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The use of chemicals to make very fine particulates gather or clump together so they will settle out of the water and be of a more filterable size.

Coagulation

Alum- -

Page 4: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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Types of Coagulant

Sweep Flocculation – Turbidity removal- Organics removal

Charge Neutralisation (Enhanced Coagulation)- Turbidity removal - Organics removal

Page 5: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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Charge neutralisation– pH is key

Floc …little charge left

Best …highest charge

Terrible …soluble

Page 6: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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Manual Adjustment

Coagulant Pumped

Manual Pump AdjustmentsCoagulant Demand

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Chemical Feed Automatically Controlled

Coagulant Demand

Coagulant Pumped

Page 8: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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Parameters That Impact Coagulation

Changes in:• Coagulant Dose/Makeup• Turbidity• Organics• Disinfection/Oxidation• pH• Temperature• Physical (e.g. mixing)

Page 9: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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Possible Control Parameters

• Single Parameter• pH (Raw)

• pH (Post Coagulation)

• Turbidity (Raw)

• Turbidity (Settled)

• Streaming Current (Post Coagulation)

• Colour/UV254 (Raw)

Page 10: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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Using Light Absorption (Colour/UV254)

• Many chemical compounds have specific absorbance characteristics at different wavelengths of light

• By measuring the light absorbed by a water sample at particular wavelengths, the concentration of a contaminant can be determined

Page 11: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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Sample

UV254 Instruments

Page 12: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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Sample

UV254 Instruments

Page 13: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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Sample

UV254 Instruments

Page 14: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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UV254 Instruments

Page 15: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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Sample

UV254 Instruments

Page 16: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

www.processinstruments.co.uk

Sample

UV254 Instruments

Page 17: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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Sample

UV254 Instruments

Page 18: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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Sample

UV254 Instruments

Page 19: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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Use the amount of UV254 light that passes through a sample to calculate the level of dissolved organics

Challenges-Keeping them cleanTurbidity increases errorLongevity of light source

Summary UV254 Instruments

Page 20: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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Conventional WTP

MIXING FLOC BASIN SEDIMENTATION FILTRATION FINISHED

UV254SCM

pH/TempUV254 Cond..

Coag

pHAdj

Poly

Cl

NTU

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UV254 Correlation

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00

UVA

mg/l Coagulant

UVA against Coagulant Dose (mg/l)

Page 22: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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Parameters That Impact Coagulation

Changes in:• Coagulant Dose/Makeup• Turbidity• Organics• Disinfection/Oxidation• pH• Temperature• Physical (e.g. mixing)

Page 23: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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UV254 Feed Forward Control – Plant B

Page 24: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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UV254 Feed Forward Control – Plant B

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UV254 Feed Forward Control

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14/2/19 – 21/2/19 Plant N

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14/2/19 – 21/2/19 Plant N

R² = 0.7295

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

14/2/19 - 21/2/19

Page 28: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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21/3/19 – 28/3/19 Plant N

Page 29: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

www.processinstruments.co.uk

Conventional WTP

MIXING FLOC BASIN SEDIMENTATION FILTRATION FINISHED

UV254SCM

pH/TempUV254 Cond..

Coag

pHAdj

Poly

Cl

NTU

Page 30: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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Conclusions

• UV254 measures organics, a big driver of coagulation demand, but doesn’t measure all the other things that affect coagulation.

• UV254 can only be used as a feed forward control.

• UV254 control is only as good as the correlation.

• UV254 will struggle to control a highly variable source particularly variable turbidity.

Page 31: 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication - SWIG...Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Rob Paramore 2019 for publication Author rosap Created Date 5/29/2019 12:11:28 PM

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Process Instruments (UK) Ltd.

Thank you!

Any Questions?