02 lms test introduction
DESCRIPTION
aTRANSCRIPT
Chiel Verhoeven
LMS Test introduction
2 copyright LMS International - 2012
Content
2 LMS Test systems
1 Company introduction
3 Sound engineering
4 Structural dynamics
5 Rotating machinery
6 Durability testing and analysis
2 Hardware - LMS Scadas
1 What is testing - DSP
3 Software - LMS Test.Lab
Agenda
2 Hardware - LMS Scadas
1 What is testing - DSP
3 Software - LMS Test.Lab
Agenda
The measurement chain
accelerations
rpm
Strains
forces
Pressures
Sensor Scadas PC
The measurement chain
Sensors
rpm
forces
Pressures
Sensor Scadas PC
accelerations
Strains
Time t
Amplitude
[V]
“A sensor is a device that measures a measurable
attribute and converts it into a signal which can be
read by an observer or by an instrument.”
(Wikipedia)
The measurement chain
Signal conditioning and data acquisition system (Scadas)
Sensor Scadas PC
The measurement chain
Signal conditioning and data acquisition system (Scadas)
Acquisition
Software
Analysis
Software
Data Storage
Sensor
supply
ADCSignal
Conditioning Gain
Signal
Generator
Alias
Protection
DSPSensor
(S)
Analog Domain Digital Domain
Sensor Scadas PC
The measurement chain
Measurement PC
PC with dedicated software
Communication with Scadas
Processing and storage of the channels
Analysis with measured data
Consolidate data for simulation input
Sensor Scadas PC
Analog to digital conversion
Quantification - Discretization
Sensor Scadas PC
Amplitude is divided in
discrete levels (bits)
16 bit – 65536
24 bit – 16777216
Level of the signal is measured with an interval (sampling frequency)
Analog to digital conversion
Issues with Digital signal processing
Aliasing
Leakage
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Analog to digital conversion
Aliasing
fs = fsine
Observed frequency
= fs – fsine = 0 Hz
fs = 2 * fsine
Observed frequency
= fsine
Some examples:
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Analog to digital conversion
Aliasing
∆t = 1/fs
General: fS < 2 * fsine fS - fsine
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Analog to digital conversion
Anti-aliasing filter
Alias-free
Frequency
Log
Amplitude
80%
fBW
fs/2 fs
A
fs- fBW
3 dB roll off point
@ 80% of bandwidth
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Analog to digital conversion
Leakage
Smaller amplitude
& smearing of
spectral contentHz
5 V Sine Wave - 3 Hz 5 V Sine Wave - 2.5 Hz
1 2 3 4 5 6
5V
Hz
1 2 3 4 5 6
?∆∆∆∆f = 1Hz
When your signal does not correspond to a spectral line
Why?
non-periodicity in observation window
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Periodic Signals
T T = N ∆t
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T T = N ∆t
!
Non Periodic Signals
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Windows: Minimize Leakage
x
=
Window function
0
1
Original signal
Windowed signal
2 Hardware - LMS Scadas
1 What is testing - DSP
3 Software - LMS Test.Lab
Agenda
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LMS SCADAS
Measurement system for lab and field testing
Rugged
No moving components inside
MIL-STD810F shock and vibration tested
Flexibility
From 4 to 72 channels per frame
Master/slave extendable
Built-in battery
High performance
1 Gbit LAN connection
Sampling up to 204.8 kHz
Guaranteed anti-aliased data
Connectivity
Multi-functional input modules
GPS, CAN
V, ICP, Strain gauges, digital audio, thermocouples
Scadas Lab
LMS SCADAS frames
Scadas Lab platform
19” rack mounting
From 8 to 2000+ channels
160 Channels per frame
Master-slave connection with Scadas mobile
Up to 204.2 kHz sampling rate per channel
24-bit DSP technology
150dB spurious free dynamic range
14 MSamples throughput rate using high-speed Ethernet connection
N&V & Recorder
Lab, In-field & unattended
Scadas Recorder
Durability
Lab, In-field & unattended
Scadas Durability Recorder
LMS SCADAS frames
Scadas mobile platform
Classical N&V
Laboratory, in-field
Scadas Mobile
Tuned for classical NVH applications:
• PC-based measurements
• Built-in battery
• 1Gbit LAN
• Sampling at 204.8kHz
• V – ICP – Strain – Temperature
SCM plus:
• Recording on CF card
• PDA control
• Parallel storage
IP54 version of SCR
LMS Scadas modules
Accommodating a wide variety of NVH transducers
V8E: Voltage and ICP
VD8E: Voltage, ICP, differential inputs
VM8E: Voltage, ICP and microphone
VS8E: Voltage, ICP and digital audio
VC8E: Voltage, ICP and charge
VB8E: Voltage, ICP and bridge
DB8: Voltage and bridge
T8: Thermocouple
RV4: Torsional vibration inputs
• Accelerometers: piezoelectric, ICP or capacitive
• Force and pressure sensors: piezoelectric or strain gauges
• Microphones and SI probes: conventional or ICP
• Strain gauges: conventional 120Ω/350Ω or semiconductor
• Tacho sensors: inductive, capacitive, CAN or optical
• Temperature sensors: type E, J, K, N, R, S and T thermocouple
2 Hardware - LMS Scadas
1 What is testing - DSP
3 Software - LMS Test.Lab
Agenda
Test types - Applications
Analysers
Applications
Troubleshooting
Field measurements
Examples
Sound level meter
FFT Analyser
Time recorder
Engineering tools
Applications
Acoustic analysis
Structural dynamics
In-depth analysis
Examples
LMS Test.Lab
LMS TecWare
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0 200 400 600 800 1000
Frequency [Hz]
-80
-60
-40
-20
dB/1 [g]
D1: Run-up 2 M17: 5:Exhaust:2:+Z : FFT(M4) [g] Exhaust:2 +Z 0 [s]
Test types
LMS solutions
Analysers and time recording
Quick and easy setup
Powerful online processing
Single sheet user interface
Engineering tools
Advanced analysis options
Workflow guidance
Multiple disciplines
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LMS Test.Xpress
LMS Test.Xpress
Recorder
Octave AnalyzerFFT Analyzer
Order Analyzer
StructuralRotating Machinery AcousticsEnvironmental &
Durability
Reporting
Data Sharing
Data access
LMS Test.Lab
Rotating machinery testing
What is my critical operational condition?
Operational instrumentation
Engine run-up
Colormap plotting
Tracking on rpm or time
Acquire throughput data
How does my structure respond?
Operational deflection shapes
Sound quality metrics
Audio replay and filtering
Sound diagnosis
Order tracking
Angle domain processing
Torsional vibration analysis
Which effects are engine related?
Acoustic testing
Does it sound right?Why is it annoying?
Sound Quality
replay/filter, psycho-acoustic metrics, objective & subjective evaluations
Do I meet quality objectives?
Acoustic Analyzer
SLM, Leq, Octave, Loudness, AI,..
Do I meet standards?
Sound Power & Pass-by Noise
Pressure & intensity basedIn-room, in-vehicle, near track
Material & Component Testingabsorption, transmission loss
in-tube, in-situ, in-room
What material should I use to reduce the levels?
What is the root cause?Source? Path?
Vibro-Acoustic Engineering
Transfer path AnalysisAcoustic Source QuantificationVibro-acoustic modal analysis
Where is the sound coming from?
Sound Source Localization
intensity – beam formingholography – focalization
dBA (Pa)
40
100
81
89
Structural testing
How can I excite my structure?
Hammer impact testing
Shaker testing
MIMO
Special cases?
Operational modal analysis
Operational deflection shapes
Time MDOF Approach
LMS Polymax
Automatic modal parameter selection
What are the natural frequencies?
Environmental testing
Will my structure survive
Vibration qualification
Closed loop control
Shock, Sine, Random
Combined modes and automation
MIL-STD, GAM-EG13R
Special cases?
Ground vibration testing
Climatic chamber
Mission Synthesis
Customer usage profile
Avoid under/over testing
Generate a universal test schedule
How realistic is the test schedule?
Chiel Verhoeven
Thank you