0&(*1#&2!+-0&! - core.ac.uk · 0&(*1#&2!+-0&! - core.ac.uk ... 9!!!!!

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PfPj<!)*%;/(/('!/(!36/&1!62!$6)#!#/'#$&!5$-$5:!0#/5$!/(!2#$!*2#$&!7/&$)2/*(<!;$621!8*457!

7/-/7$!/(/2/6559!/(!#65-$1<!2#$(!=46&2$&1<!6(7!1*!*(:!"#/1!/1!/(!+6)2!6(!6))4&62$!3/)24&$!*+!

1*%$!*+!2#$!%*12!'&**-$M*&/$(2$7!*+!28$(2/$2#!)$(24&9!%41/)!14)#!61!2#$!*($M)#*&7!

+4(@!'&**-$1!7/1)411$7!;9!C(($!W6(/$51$(!/(!#$&!&$)$(2!;**@!*(!\6%$1!F&*8(!6(7!

J$*&'$!k5/(2*(:QS!!

>($!/%35/)62/*(!*+!2#/1!/1!6!7*8('&67/('!*+!2#$!2&/35$2!2*!2#$!126241!*+!13$)/65!*&!4(41465!

)61$:!"#/1!&$=4/&$1!=465/+/)62/*(:!A(!'&**-$!%41/)<!'$(4/($!2&/35$!2/%$!/1!/(7$$7!&6&$:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!TQ!,X#&61$.!1$$%1!%*&$!633&*3&/62$!2#6(!#93$&M;6&!+*&!2#/1!24($!61!/2!/1!%$5*79M5$7:!TV!k56&@$<!l&/)!a:!,]#92#%!6(7!"/%/('!/(!I41/).!/(!W$421)#<!W/6(6:!<1"'60821)-)H8').';*0%2&!c*(7*(?!C)67$%/)!X&$11<!R```:!PQP!T`!|4)@$&@6(75<!b/)2*&:!F)*(3',(3'F85C)-&!X&/()$2*(fF*55/('$(<!R`QU:!RTTMV!QS!W6(/$51$(<!C(($:!6+"0"(2"',(3'6-",0*+">'<1"'K*(R'U+))@"0').'!,5"0'S+)9(',(3'6,+-%,5"($<!I/775$2*8(!k"?!0$15$96(!K(/-$&1/29!X&$11<!OSST!

Unit Metrical level Description (value)

Chorus M3 Duple

Section M2 Quadruple

Phrase67 M1 Quadruple

Bar M Quadruple

Beat M1 Duple

57!

G*%$!%41/)!7*$1!633$6&!2*!;$!/(!2&/35$!2/%$<!+*&!$E6%35$<!B6HH!8652H$1!6(7!3*3!1*('1!

5/@$!,J*57$(!F&*8(.!;9!"#$!G2&6('5$&1:QR![*8$-$&<!2#$!+612!36)$!*+!2#$!3451$!/(!2#$1$!

/(126()$1!%$6(1!2#62!2#$!2&/35$21!6&$!&$6559!62!2#$!5$-$5!*+!2#$!;$62!iIRj!&62#$&!2#6(!2#$!

;6&!iIj<!8#/)#!&$%6/(1!7435$!*&!=467&435$:!"#$!2&/35$!14;7/-/1/*(!/1!=4/2$!)*%%*(!/(!

'&**-$!%41/)!+&*%!2#$!)5611/)!ROfV!;54$1!*(86&71!;42!/1!4146559!)*%;/($7!8/2#!

7435$f=467&435$!*&'6(/H62/*(!62!#/'#$&!%$2&/)65!5$-$51:!>($!$E)$32/*(<!*+!)*4&1$<!/1!2#$!

28$5-$M;6&!;54$1!8#/)#!/1!12&4)24&$7!/(!2#&$$!+*4&M;6&!3#&61$1:!K1/('!2#$!(*%$()5624&$!

3&*3*1$7!6;*-$<!6!28$5-$M;6&!;54$1!8/2#!6!15*8!ROfV!+$$5!)*457!;$!7$1)&/;$7!/(!2#$!

+*55*8/('!869?!

!

!

!

!

!

"8$5-$M;6&!;54$1!8/2#!6!ROfV!+$$5!

0$!)*457!$E2$(7!2#$!1)#$%6!4386&71!2*!+4&2#$&!5$-$51!3&*-/7$7!2#$9!$E#/;/2$7!

&$'456&/29:!a*&!$E6%35$<!/+!6!3$&+*&%6()$!*+!*4&!;54$1!/(-*5-$7!2#$!5$67!/(12&4%$(21!*&!

-*/)$1!26@/('!28*!)#*&41$1!$6)#<!2#$!5$-$5!IU<!8#/)#!8$!%/'#2!7$1)&/;$!61!2#$!#93$&M

)#*&41!5$-$5<!8*457!;$!7435$:!A(!+6)2<!14)#!&$'456&/29!62!2#62!%$2&/)65!5$-$5!8*457!;$!&6&$?!

62!2#$!#/'#$&!5$-$51!/&&$'456&/29!/1!%4)#!5$11!7/1&432/-$!2*!2#$!1$(1$!*+!%$2$&!$126;5/1#$7!

62!5*8$&!5$-$51:!"#*4'#!5$-$5!I!/1!4146559!126;5$!/(!%*12!'$(&$1<!X&*'!]*)@!6(7!&$562$7!

1295$1!;$/('!6(!$E)$32/*(<!/&&$'456&/29!/1!+6/&59!)*%%*(!$-$(!62!IR!6(7!IO:!l-$(!2#$!

F&*67869!1*('1!b6(!7$&!I$&8$!&$'6&71!61!#*3$5$1159!1=46&$!6&$!(*2!4(/-$&16559!UO!

;6&1!5*('<!+*&!$E6%35$!J$&1#8/(.1!,C!a*''9!W69.!*+!R`UQ!#61!6(!$E2&6!28*!;6&1!/(!/21!

+/(65!3#&61$<!8#/5$!\$&*%$!Z$&(.1!,C55!2#$!"#/('1!n*4!C&$.!*+!R`U`!#61!6!;6&$59!

(*2/)$6;5$!$E2&6!+*4&:!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!QR!"#$!G2&6('5$&1<!,J*57$(!F&*8(.<!M,'K)-%"<!c/;$&29!]$)*&71<!R`VR<!8#/)#!651*!/()547$1!PfP!;6&1:!

Unit Metrical level Description (value)

Chorus M2 Triple

Phrase M1 Quadruple

Bar M Quadruple

Beat M1 Triple

58!

"*86&71!2#$!5*8$&!5$-$51!*+!2#$!%$2$&<!'&**-$!%41/)!/1!%6&@$7!;9!/21!2$(7$()9!+*&!

&$'456&/29:!A(7$$7<!2#/1!/1!6(*2#$&!+$624&$!2#62!)6(!;&*6759!;$!16/7!2*!7/12/('4/1#!'&**-$!

%41/)!+&*%!2#$!)5611/)65!2&67/2/*(:!>($!)6(!*-$&M'$($&65/H$!#$&$<!;42!/2!'$($&6559!#*571!

2#62!8#/5$!2#$!6&2M%41/)!*+!2#$!(/($2$$(2#!)$(24&9!7*$1!(*2!12/)@!2*!6!1/('5$!14;7/-/1/*(!

*+!2#$!;$62!+*&!6(92#/('!;42!2#$!1#*&2$12!3$&/*71<!2#$!&$-$&1$!/1!2&4$!*+!3*3456&!%41/):!

G/()$!;6&!6(7!3#&61$!5$('2#1!6&$!*+2$(!1/%/56&!;$28$$(!'$(&$1!*+!3*3456&!%41/)<!*($!*+!

2#$!@$9!7$+/(/('!+$624&$1!*+!6(9!'&**-$!/1!2#$!5$('2#!*+!/21!1#*&2$12!14;7/-/1/*(!i*&!(*2$!

74&62/*(j!8#/)#!2$(71!2*!&$%6/(!)*(126(2!2#&*4'#*42:!G*%$!8&/2$&1!#6-$!&$+$&&$7!2*!

2#/1!61!2#$!,7$(1/29!&$+$&$(2.<!6!2$&%!8#/)#!7$&/-$1!+&*%!$2#(*%41/)*5*'9<!;42!6(*2#$&!

7$1)&/32/*(!%/'#2!;$!,=46(2/H$!-654$.<!+&*%!7/'/265!1$=4$()/('!3&6)2/)$:!J&**-$1!)6(!;$!

7/12/('4/1#$7!+&*%!$6)#!*2#$&!;9!2#$/&!=46(2/H$!-654$?!+4(@!4146559!41$1!RfRT1!

i1$%/=46-$&1j!8#/5$!/(!%4)#!%6/(12&$6%!&*)@!RfV1!i=46-$&1j!6&$!2#$!1%655$12!4(/2:!

I6(9!)5611/)!;54$1!#6-$!6!2&/35$2<!*&!ROfV!+$$5<!8#/5$!2#$!B6HH!18/('!+$$5!/1!;61$7!%*1259!

*(!184('!7435$21<!2#62!/1<!36/&1!*+!(*2$1!/(!6!+5$E/;5$!5*('M1#*&2!)*(+/'4&62/*(:!!

"#$!$E/12$()$!*+!,184('!=46-$&1.!D!7435$21!*+!4($=465!5$('2#!D!65$&21!41!2*!2#$!

3*11/;/5/29!*+!6!1/%/56&!3#$(*%$(*(!*))4&&/('!62!#/'#$&!%$2&/)65!5$-$51:!"#$!*;-/*41!

$E6%35$!/1!NfP!%$2$&<!8#/)#!/1!;$12!&$'6&7$7!(*2!61!6!=4/(2435$!%$2$&!;42!61!6(!4($-$(!

7435$!%$2$&!8#*1$!;$62!5$('2#1!6&$!/(!2#$!&62/*!U?O:!"#/1!/1!5/@$!2#$!$++$)2!6)#/$-$7!;9!

3&*33/('!2#$!%$2&*(*%$!62!6(!6('5$!*&!1*%$*($!865@/('!8/2#!6!5/%3:!>(!2#/1!;61/1<!

W6-$!F&4;$)@.1!,"6@$!a/-$.QO!#61!2#$!+*55*8/('!%$2&/)!12&4)24&$?!

!

Unit Metrical level Description (value)

Chorus M3 Triple (AAB)

Phrase M2 Duple

Hyper-bar M1 Quadruple

Bar M Uneven duple (3:2)

Beat M1 Triple (beat 1)

Duple (beat 2)

Sub-beat M2 ‘Swung’ (uneven) duple

X645!W$1%*(7<!,"6@$!a/-$.<!R`N`!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!QO!G$$!633$(7/E!+*&!5$67M1#$$2!(*262/*(!*+!2#/1!24($:!

59!

!

"#$!+6)2!2#62!14)#!26;5$1!61!2#$!6;*-$!6&$!3*11/;5$!/1!6(!/(7/)62/*(!*+!2#$!12&*('!1$(1$!*+!

%$2$&!*+!%4)#!'&**-$!%41/):!I$2$&!7$3$(71!*(!&$'456&/29!D!,/&&$'456&!%$2$&.!/1!-/&246559!

6(!*E9%*&*(!D!6(7!2#*4'#!/&&$'456&/29!/1!(*2!)*%35$2$59!6;1$(2<!'&**-$!/1!;$12!

'$($&62$7!8#$(!2#$!%$2&/)65!-654$!8#/)#!6335/$1!+*&!$6)#!%$2&/)65!5$-$5!i*&<!12&/)259!

13$6@/('<!+*&!2#$!/(2$&+6)$!;$28$$(!$6)#!67B6)$(2!36/&!*+!5$-$51j!&$%6/(1!)*(126(2!

2#&*4'#*42!2#$!3/$)$:!G4)#!&$'456&/29!/1!6))$(2462$7!;9!&$3$2/2/*(<!8#/)#<!&62#$&!2#6(!

;$/('!2&$62$7!8/2#!)642/*(!61!/2!)6%$!2*!;$!/(!0$12$&(!6&2M%41/)<!/1!$%35*9$7!61!6!

)$(2&65!12&4)24&65!3&/()/35$!*+!'&**-$!%41/):!!

>+!@$9!/%3*&26()$!#$&$!/1!2#$!+%..<!6!14/26;59!3/2#9!3#&61$!8#*1$!&*5$!/1!2*!)*(2&/;42$<!

2#&*4'#!%452/35$!&$3$2/2/*(<!2*!2#$!%$2&/)65!12&4)24&$<!4146559!62!2#$!5$-$5!*+!#93$&M;6&:!

"#62!2#$!&/++!/1!(*2!+*4(7!/(!2#$!)5611/)65!2&67/2/*(!/1!2$126%$(2!2*!2#$!&$562/-$!8$6@($11!

*+!%$2$&!/(!14)#!%41/)!D!6+2$&!I*H6&2!%$2&/)65!&$'456&/29!/1!)*(+/($7!/()&$61/('59!2*!2#$!

5$-$5!*+!2#$!;6&<!6(7!/(!2#$!28$(2/$2#!)$(24&9!(*2!$-$(!2#$&$:!"#$!%41/)65!3#&61$!/1!%*&$!

5/@$59!2*!;$!-654$7!+*&!/21!/(2&/(1/)!3&*3$&2/$1!6(7!/21!7$-$5*3%$(265!3*2$(2/65!&62#$&!

2#6(!/21!6;/5/29!2*!'$($&62$!56&'$&!5$-$5!12&4)24&$1:!I/775$2*(!7$1)&/;$1!2#/1!1%655M1)65$!

293$!*+!&$3$2/2/*(!61!5*0"5,$%2!6(7!)*(2&6121!/2!8/2#!2#$!56&'$&!1)65$!3%02*+0%@"!

&$3$2/2/*(!611*)/62$7!8/2#!2#$!(6&&62/-$M293$!6$12#$2/)!*+!0$12$&(!6&2M%41/):QU!"#$!

=4$12/*(!*+!(6&&62/-/29!8/55!;$!7/1)411$7!562$&<!;42!/2!1$$%1!%*&$!41$+45!/(/2/6559!2*!+*)41!

*(!2#$!1)6&)/29!*+!$E6)2!&$3$2/2/*(!*(!6(9!1)65$!/(!2#$!)5611/)65!2&67/2/*(:!l-$(!2#$!

,&$)63/24562/*(.!*+!56&'$!1$)2/*(1!*+!%41/)!8#/)#!35691!14)#!6!)&4)/65!&*5$!/(!19%3#*(/)!

+*&%!/1!&$3$2/2/*(M8/2#M6M7/++$&$()$:!A2!/1!651*!&$3$2/2/*(M62M6M7/126()$<!2#$!7/++$&$()$!

;$/('!74$!2*!2#$!$++$)2!*+!2#$!/(2$&-$(/('!%62$&/65:!

A(!)*()541/*(<!'&**-$!7$3$(71!*(!2#$!&$'456&/29!'46&6(2$$7!;9!6!12&*('!1$(1$!*+!%$2$&:!

"#*4'#!2#62!&$'456&/29!($$7!(*2!$E2$(7!2*!2#$!#/'#$&!5$-$51<!/2!/1!4146559!($)$116&9!+*&!

%$2$&!2*!;$!126;5$!62!2#$!5$-$5!*+!14;M;$62<!;$62<!;6&!6(7!#93$&M;6&:!"#$!+$624&$!8#/)#!

$()6314562$1!'&**-$.1!%/(/%4%!%$2&/)65!&$=4/&$%$(21!/1!2#$!@,57D!c/@$!2#$!&/++<!-6%3!

*3$&62$1!2#&*4'#!&$3$2/2/*(!62!2#$!5$-$5!*+!#93$&M;6&!6(7!13$)/+/$1!655!2#$!%$2&/)65!

&$562/*(1#/31!($)$116&9!2*!$126;5/1#!2#$!'&**-$:!K(5/@$!6!&/++<!6!-6%3!8*457!(*&%6559!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!QU!I/775$2*(<!]/)#6&7:!F$*38%(H'6)7*-,+';*0%2&!F4)@/('#6%?!>3$(!K(/-$&1/29!X&$11<!R``S:!OT`!

60!

/(-*5-$!2#$!$(2/&$!&#92#%!1$)2/*(Y!/2!/1!$11$(2/6559!&#92#%/)!;42!651*!)*(26/(1!6(!$5$%$(2!

*+!#6&%*(/)!%*-$%$(2<!65;$/2!)/&)456&<!6(7!2#41!/1!6!'&**-$!%('(*2"D!

L$-$&2#$5$11<!7$13/2$!2#$!/%3*&26()$!*+!2#$1$!&$3$2/2/-$!$5$%$(21!2*!'&**-$!%41/)<!2#$!

6(6591/1!*+!'&**-$!3&$1$(2$7!#$&$<!/(!)*(2&612!2*!1*%$!*2#$&1<QP!/1!(*2!*($!2#62!&$'6&71!/2!

61!7$3$(7$(2!*(!2#$!&$3$2/2/*(!*+!%62$&/65<!14)#!61!*))4&1!/(!6!-6%3:!"#$!$126;5/1#%$(2!

*+!7$$3!%$2&/)65/29!8/55!4146559!&$=4/&$!6!7$'&$$!*+!&#92#%/)!&$3$2/2/*(!;42!7*$1!(*2!

($)$11/262$!2#$!$E6)2!&$3$2/2/*(!*+!3/2)#$1!/(!2#$!+*&%!*+!&/++1<!)#*&7!1$=4$()$1!$2):!A2!/1!

2#/1!2#62!%6@$1!3*11/;5$!676326;5$!'&**-$1!)636;5$!*+!+5$E/;59!6&2/)4562/('!&$562/-$59!

5$('2#9!#6&%*(/)!3&*'&$11/*(1!14)#!61!2#*1$!+*4(7!/(!1*%$!B6HH!126(76&71:!!

"#$!1/'(/+/)6(2!7/++$&$()$!;$28$$(!'&**-$!6(7!*2#$&!%$2$&$7!%41/)!/1!(*2!2#$!&$3$2/2/*(!

*+!%62$&/65!;42!2#$!$E2$(1/*(!*+!%$2$&!+&*%!6!7/12/()2!5$-$5!8/2#/(!2#$!2$%3*&65!

#/$&6&)#9!*+!2#$!%41/)!2*!2#$!7*%/(62/('!3&/()/35$!62!655!5$-$51:!A(!2#$!2*(65!%41/)!*+!2#$!

,)*%%*(!3&6)2/)$.!3$&/*7<!%$2$&!8*457!+4()2/*(!61!,6!)*'(/2/-$!+&6%$8*&@!6&*4(7!

8#/)#!$-$(21!6&$!*&'6(/H$7.QN!62!5*8$&!5$-$51!*+!2#$!12&4)24&$<!;42!8*457!'/-$!869!2*!

*2#$&!293$1!*+!2$%3*&65!*&'6(/162/*(!D!%$5*7/)!3$&/*7/)/29!6(7!2#$!2*(65!+&6%$8*&@!D!62!

2#$!#/'#$&!5$-$51:!A(!'&**-$<!655!$5$%$(21!*+!2#$!%41/)!6&$!%6&1#655$7!2*!%6@$!6!

)*(2&/;42/*(!2*!2#$!%$614&/('!+4()2/*(!3$&+*&%$7!;9!%452/M5$-$55$7!%$2$&:QT!"#/1!

)*()$32/*(!651*!655*81!41!2*!&$B$)2!2#$!6(6591/1!*+!19()*362/*(!61!%41/)65!)4$1!8#/)#!

)*(2&67/)2!%$2$&!;42!(*2!$(*4'#!2*!4(7$&%/($!/2:QQ!]62#$&!8$!)6(!4(7$&126(7!

19()*362/*(!61!%6(/+$1262/*(1!*+!5*8$&!5$-$51!*+!2#$!%$2&/)65!12&4)24&$!+&*%!2#$!

3$&13$)2/-$!*+!6!#/'#$&!*($:!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!QP!)+:!+*&!/(126()$<![4'#$1<!"/%*2#9!G:!,J&**-$!6(7!a5*8?!G/E!C(6592/)65!l11691!*(!2#$!I41/)!*+!G2$-/$!0*(7$&.<!X#W!7/11$&262/*(<!K(/-$&1/29!*+!061#/('2*(<!OSSU:!RPMRN:!T2#!\6(:!OSRR<!q1$$7>__999D0*++"8D,2D*R_;*0%2_:"90U"(Q(.)_/2,3"5%2F$,.._O*H1"0_U+))@"/(3K-)9D73.`!QN!k56&@$<!,c$-$51!*+!G2&4)24&$!/(!2#$!>&'6(/H62/*(!*+!I41/)65!"/%$.<!OUU!QT!c$&76#5!s!\6)@$(7*++!6&'4$!2#62!2#$&$!/1!6(!433$&!5/%/2!2*!2#$!$++$)2!*+!%$2$&!8/2#/(!2#$!12&4)24&65!5$-$51!*+!%41/)?!c$&7#65<!a:!s!\6)@$(7*++<!]:!/'U"("+,$%@"'<1")+8').'<)(,-';*0%2&!k6%;&/7'$!IC?!IA"!X&$11<!R`VU:!OR:!"8*!3*/(21!6&$!&$5$-6(2?!iRj!2#$9!)*(1/7$&!*(59!0$12$&(!6&2M%41/)!iI*H6&2.1!PS2#!G9%3#*(9!/1!2#$/&!$E6%35$jY!iOj!2#$!56&'$!1)65$!12&4)24&$1!8#/)#!2#$9!&$'6&7!61!(*(M%$2&/)65!6&$!/(!6(9!)61$!;$9*(7!2#$!2$%3*&65!1)*3$!*+!%*12!3/$)$1!*+!'&**-$!%41/):!QQ!c$&76#5<!a:!s!\6)@$(7*++<!]:!,>(!2#$!"#$*&9!*+!J&*43/('!6(7!I$2$&.<!;*0%2,-'a*,+$"+-8&'cdbAAiPj<!R`VR<!PVN!

61!

?P!@'(UT#,'%!

A2!/1!*($!*+!2#$!%*&$!3$&35$E/('!)#6&6)2$&/12/)1!*+!2#$!'&**-$1!*+!28$(2/$2#!)$(24&9!

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