011 energy sustainable
TRANSCRIPT
Urban Energy SystemsUnderstanding of the Energy Systems that can be used for planning Cities.
Conservation of these Energy Systems by means of Planning. Concepts: Sustainability,
Energy Consumption Patterns, Technology appraisal, Financial Viability ..
Prof. Omkar ParishwadAsst. Professor, Town Planning
Elective II
31/03/2016
URBAN ENERGY SYSTEMS
Overview…
Unit 1: Energy and Urbanization
Urban Development Scenarios: Meaning and Disciplinary perspectives for process of urbanization; Understanding of Urban Energy Systems; Human settlement and energy consumption; Transportation & Energy Use; Energy for Buildings; Cities Energy Systems Challenge: Energy Modelling.
▪ Energy Basics: (Meaning and Types of Energy, Current Energy Systems, Alternative Energy Systems) Classification of Energy. Various Forms and Grades of Energy.
▪ Global Climate Change Scenario: Energy Summits, terminologies, Flexible Mechanisms, standpoints and current situation.
▪ Carbon Footprint: Energy Consumption and Climate change Scenario's; Carbon footprints; Energy, Carbon Di Oxide and GHG Emissions; UNFCCC- 2015_Paris summit and India's Agenda; Calculating carbon footprints.
▪ Clean Development Mechanisms: Global Warming and its effects; Kyoto protocol; CDM Eligibility and its Applications; CDM project cycle; CDM in India and Current Scenario.
Overview…
Unit 2: Indian Perspective
Historical Perspective: Policies, Acts and Laws governing Energy scenarios)
▪ Power Sector in India: Electric Energy Basics; Growth of Power Sector; Electricity Consumption; Strategies to achieve ‘Power for all”, Beginning of economic reforms & privatization of generation; Revised-Acceleration Power Development & Reform Program (R-APDRP).
▪ Financial Planning: Five Year plans: Gross Domestic Product and Its calculation criteria, Planning Commission and Niti Aayog: Functions and overtaking reasons (13th Five year plan), Strategic Sectorial Planning, Inclusive Planning, Resource allocation and Energy Outlook.
Overview…
Unit 3: Energy Consumption Patterns
Global Urbanization Trends and Patterns, Energy Flows, Energy Security Scenario, Solution: Structured Modelling.
▪ Modelling Urban Energy Systems: Activity Based Demand Models, Integrated Modelling Approaches: Syncity, AMMUA, RTN Model, Service Network Design Models; Urban Ontology, Modelling Framework, Policy Relevance and Use Cases.
▪ Urban Energy Management: Managing Energy, Energy Attributes; Energy saving Components; India: Energy Demand-Supply Gap, Energy Policy leverages and Stylized Hierarchy in Indian Scenario; Energy Management Planning Process, Energy Audit and Economic Considerations.
Overview…
Unit 4:Sustainable Urban Development
Shape and Structure
Urban Services..
Natural ResourcesLiveability, Urban livingPolicy & Governance
Urban Growth
Socio-Economic
Climate Change
Resource Shortage
Digitization & Geo
SynthesisThemes
Global Drivers for change / Challenges
Intro
Overview…
Unit 4:Energy & Sustainable Development
▪ Sustainable Urban Growth: What are the consequences of urbanization? How must our cities cope with this extensive growth and at the same time become sustainable and prosperous?
▪ Socio-Economic Change: The process of how economic activity affects and is shaped by society. This is presented as key driving force for change in our cities. How we manage resources, or how to protect street life and community building!
▪ Climate Change: the basic processes that drive global climate change and then explore how cities can mitigate and adapt to climate change, like for instance temperature rise, flood risks, and other weather extremes.
▪ Resource Shortage: Opportunities that arise from another approach to resources, based on reducing, reusing and recycling. The focus will be on the interplay and relationships between carbon, water and nutrients for food production.
Energy & Sustainable Development
Introduction
Introduction
▪ Currently 50% of our Global population is in Urban areas. Till 2050, this percent will rise to 70%
▪ What are the consequences of Urbanisation?
▪ How can our cities cope with this expensive growth; become sustainable and prosperous?
▪ How is economic activity processed and shaped by a society?
When sea levels attack..
Questions for planning a Metropolitan area..
▪ Which Technological, Ecological and Social opportunities can be used to engineer such desirable cities?
▪ Which Metropolitan solution still needs to be researched, developed and tested?
▪ How to turn this into economic growth as well?
▪ How to create a more prosperous city for ALL citizens?
Solutions : Research
Why Metropolitan?
▪ 70% of GDP is derived from Metropolitan cities.
▪ Dependancies: – Surrounding Environment, peri-urban Areas, Hinterland..– Technologies and people, Nature and Culture, Incoming flows of energy:
Water, food and materials, and outgoing waste.
▪ Characterized by different scales of dynamics with different scales of interaction
▪ mix of complex technical systems on one hand, and human behavior on the other.
▪ People Make City? ? =People are city!
▪ Bottomline: What makes citizens happy?
▪ Hence, we study the Societal and metropolitan challenges from the perspective of a planner, citizens and stakeholders.
Approaches and Solutions…
▪ Viable and Resilient to continuous change, effects of massive urbanization and climate change.
▪ A new middle class: adopting modern resources and lifestyles;– A sustainable way.
– Fossil fuels: how much further can they take us?
– How can the current infrastructure be altered to ensure the needs of the present, without compromising the security and prosperity of future generations?
Market square, Bejing, China
Wildfires, California
Shape and StructureHistory of Urban Centers: Port CitiesChanging Political, Economical situation, combining Technical innovations with Governance systems & Cultures: Taking shape to adapt future urban cities.
Water as a shared resource Climate change, global water rise..
Port Cities…
Constantinople (Byzantine period)
Capitals, Economic/Religious centers, University Hubs, Infrastructure nodes..
The East India Company and the Dutch East India Company
Also the site for Trade headquarters
Each waterfront is different. It contributes to the local identity and imagery…
Challenges..
▪ Tidal fluctuations (as high as 9m)..
▪ Port cities have to adapt their facilities rapidly to new shipping technology and forms of administration; controlling water, transforming coastline hinterlands.
▪ Infrastructure is the key to port survival and an issue of national importance.
▪ Telegraph made possible the rapid exchange of information; giving the Shipping companies advance knowledge of their ships to facilitate preparation.
Major telegraph lines (1891)
Change in water-ways..
Containerization..
Urban Services, Infrastructures and Transport…
Sustainable Development:People, Planet, Profit >> Prosperity
What do we mean by prosperity?
Related to the differences in living conditions in the world.
The definition of prosperity now, depends on the needs of
future generations.
City Prosperity Index (2012)UN-HABITAT
Five dimensions/indicators of prosperity;
▪ Productivity
▪ Infrastructure (development)
▪ Quality of Life
▪ Equity and Social Inclusions
▪ Environmental sustainability.
Sustainable Development:People, Planet, Profit >> Prosperity
Infrastructure Development = Interconnected Society = Polycentric Urban Development
Societal Nodes of development
Sustainability (Bruntland Report: 1987)
“Sustainable development is development thatmeets the needs of the present, withoutcompromising the ability of future generations tomeet their own needs.”
>> ‘leave to our children the same or better world,quality of life and opportunities for developmentthan we have ourselves…’
Sustainable Development…
Mitigation Adaptation
Tackling causes handling impacts
IPCC: Potential for Mitigation (potential for carbon emission reduction)
Organize Societies:
Linear and Circular flows of Input and Output
Renewables
Infrastructure..
Infrastructures are defined as the essentials orfundamental facilities and systems serving a country,city or area; necessary for its economy to function. LikeTransportation of people, goods, energy & water..
Main indicator of Prosperity.
Need for Infrastructure: Suprastructure
The different standards of societal needs and goals,which form the basis of all physical networks or logicalchains, including buildings and infrastructures. eg.Welfare, sustainable society, etc.
Suprastructure: Societal goals
▪ Support
▪ Protection
▪ Affection
▪ Understanding
▪ Participation
▪ Relaxation
▪ Creation/Expression
▪ Identity
▪ Freedom
Fundamental needs to sustain these societal goals;
Cities are physical expression of social structures and a fulfillment of these fundamental needs..
Suprastructure: Societal goals
Activities to sustain these fundamental needs (Urban services);
▪ Transportation of (material) flows.
▪ Supply of water, energy, food…
▪ Removal & processing of waste.
▪ Supply and transfer of information
▪ Housing people / companies
▪ Cultivating natural products
▪ Protection against noise, water, heat/cold, pollution, etc.
Suprastructure: Societal goals
Materialization of these Urban services;
▪ Transportation infrastructure (road, bridges, tunnels, etc.)
▪ Public utilities (sewerage, electricity, infra, ICT…)
▪ Over-ground water infrastructure
▪ Communication and information management
▪ Urban ordering and planning
▪ Land development and planning
▪ Environment facilities and natural gases, etc.
Infrastructure in Cities…
Flows related to infrastructure…
Three main flows;
▪ Energy
▪ Water
▪ Waste
• Electricity
• Natural Gas
• Liquid energy
(direct) careers
• Heat/Cold (indirect)
energy careers
Flows related to infrastructure…
Three main flows;
▪ Energy
▪ Water
▪ Waste
• Drinking water
• Rain/household water
• Waste water
• Hot/Cold water
• Surface water (drainage)
• Grey water
• Black water
• Yellow water
• Brown water
Flows related to infrastructure…
Three main flows;
▪ Energy
▪ Water
▪ Waste
• Mixed solid waste
• Separated waste
• Organic waste (composting)
• Industrial waste (building, chemical, etc)
The Stack: Changing role of Urban services and Infrastructure
• From: a focus on design for the masses (production)
• Towards: • a re-conceptualization of
functional objects & areas• Smart and integrated,
multilayered regenerative systems.
Natural Resources
Renewable and Non- Renewable
Non- Renewable Resources where the consumption in a particular time-interval, is exceeding in the same time-interval.
Rave Seed Palm Plant
Renewables…
▪ Whether to limit the use of Plam oil and otherfood crops in biofuels, which some claim, isfuelling deforestation in Indonesia.
Flows and Metabolism…
Sankey Diagram…
Urban Metabolism…
Strategies for Circular Urban Metabolism..
Liveabile Cities and
Social Sustainable
Development
Relation of our relation with Nature..
Rio Earth Summit (1992)
▪ Human Beings are at the center of concerns for sustainable development.
▪ They are entitled to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature.
Friendly City…
Sustainable Development…Brundtland, 1997
▪ 1955: First Traffic Jam in Netherlands
▪ Overfilled with luxury- more cars are better.
▪ What are the needs of the next generation?
Environment Interaction..
Personal factors: Age, Health, Capacity, salary, self esteem..etc
Presume people like to be in groups, they like green and blue in living environments, etc.
People Environment Interaction
Focus on the optimal conditions for people to flourish.
Primary Needs for all
Policy and Governance
Multiple Actors need to collaborate..
Decision making and responsibility is fragmented for various actors. Actors need to collaborate in order to achieve sustainability..
Sustainability: A Government responsibility?
Common GoodInfluencing sustainability.Energy policies and Acts.
City: Complex Socio-Technical systems
Sewage and Telecommunication cables
Roads, Energy Infrastructures
Spatial systems
Thematic Subsystems
Water subsystems
Energy Subsystems
Transport Subsystems
Food Subsystems
Geographic Subsystems
Institutional Subsystems
Urban Sustainability requires coordinated actions from three groups of actors
Public Actors Private Actors Societal Actors
Policy instruments to contribute to sustainability
Traditional Instruments for governance
Government, Market and Instruments of Societal Actions..
Sustainable Energy in built Environment & the Implementing Policies..
Thank you for Listening…