About of MongoliaAbout of Mongolia

Presented by: Presented by: Gantulga.TGantulga.TOdbaatar.NOdbaatar.NOdonchimeg.BOdonchimeg.B

The institute of CMC, New Delhi, India20.11.2019

ECONOMYECONOMY

THE LAND OF BLUE SKY

EARLY HISTORY OF MONGOLIAEARLY HISTORY OF MONGOLIA• Archeological digs have uncovered human remains in the Gobi

and other regions of Mongolia dating back nearly 500,000 years. • The 1st Mongolian state -Hunnu was founded by Mooduni Shanyu

in BC209. • The Great Wall of China was built partly as defense against the

nomads from the north.• In the 4th century Hunnu defeated by the Chinese and split into

two 2 parts. West part of the Hunnu migrated to the Europe.• Attilla was the most powerful King of Hunnu who settled in Europe • After the Hunnu, Mongolian land was occupied by Siyanbi, then by

Nirun from the III century until VI century.

History of MongoliaHistory of Mongolia

In the beginning

Independence, SocialismFall of Empire,

Manchu Domination

Great Mongol Empire

Hunnu and other Steppes Empires

Democracy, Free Market

209 BC

1900

1368

1189

1990

THE GREAT MONGOL EMPIRETHE GREAT MONGOL EMPIRE

• In 1206, after the several years of war with other Mongol tribes, Temujin (Chinggis Khan) the leader of one of the Mongolian tribe united Mongol tribes and proclaimed The Great Mongol State in Orkhon valley.

• He originated the largest land empire in World history.

Chinggis Khan1162-1227

THE GREAT MONGOL EMPIRETHE GREAT MONGOL EMPIRE

• The largest contiguous land empire in world history.

• Under his successors it stretched from present-day Poland in the west to Korea in the east, and from Siberia in the north to Vietnam in the south, covering some 33,000,000 km², (22% of Earth's total land area) and having a population of over 100 million people.

The Great Mongol Empire 1206-1294

The map of Mongol Empire

MONGOLIA TODAYMONGOLIA TODAY GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY

AREA 1.565 million km²

Capital city Ulaanbaatar

Population 3.2 million

Kod 976

Languages Mongolian 94%, Russian , English, Turkic, 6.0%

World MapWorld Map

Territory: 1.5 million km²6th largest country in Asia,19th in the world.

Mongolia is a landlocked country in Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Ulan Bator, the capital and also the largest city, is home to about 45% of the population. Mongolia's political system is a parliamentary republic.

AdministrativeAdministrative

21 Province

Blue is a traditional Mongolian color and described as the eternal blue sky.

 Red is freedom and advancement.

The soyombo is a national emblem which contains individual symbolism within it.

Flag of MongoliaFlag of Mongolia

Emblem of MongoliaEmblem of Mongolia(Mongolian: Монгол улсын төрийн сүлд, Mongol ulsyn töriin süld) is used by the government of Mongolia as its symbol of state. It is officially used for example on documents such as Mongolian passports, and government and embassy placards. The state emblem was adopted on March 25, 1992, following the fall of the Communist governmentOn the centre of the field is a combination of the Soyombo symbol and the wind horse (treasured steed), symbolizing Mongolia's independence, sovereignty, and spiritThe soyombo is a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representations of fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the Taijitu or Yin-Yang symbol.

POLITICS AND GOVERNMENTPOLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

Government type Parliamentary

Independence 26 November 1921

New constitution 12 february 1992

Legal system Civil code

Suffrage 18 years of age, universal

Legislature State Great Khural

/Parliament/

Executive branch Prime minister, Government The Government Building

Prosperity of Mongolia Prosperity of Mongolia

PRESIDENT OF MONGOLIAELBEGDORJ TSAHIA

Harward University

After election in 2013

To inauguration

The silver stemp of the president

People congratulated him and went parade.

Prime Minister Altanhuyag NorovPrime Minister Altanhuyag Norov

Speaker of the Parliament Enkhbold.Z

MONGOLIAN CURRENCYMONGOLIAN CURRENCYTUGRUGTUGRUG

5000 Tugrug 100 Tugrug

Tugrug (MNT) 1 $ =1,600 MNT 25 tugrug = 1 rupee

GDPTotal: 15 billion USDPer capital: 5300 USD

MONGOLIAN ECONOMY

GDP growth: 17% /2011/

4th largest copper mine

MONGOLIA

MINEGOLIA

coal, copper, gold, petrolium, iron, molybdenum etc.

Mongolia’s trade major partners: China, Russia, Japan, Korea and USA.

Export goods: Coal, copper, iron, petrolium, gold, cashmer etc.Import goods: Fuel, machineries, equipments, cars, chemicals etc.

Religion in Religion in MongoliaMongolia_______________

Buddhism 43.0%

Christian 12.1%

Islam 3.0%

Shamanist 2.9%

Other 0.4

And none 38.6%

Shamanism 

Buddha Chirist

SITE SEEING IN ULAANBAATARSITE SEEING IN ULAANBAATAR

The centre of Lamaist Buddhism of Mongolia Gandan temple

Monument of Buddha Zaisan hill

Monument of Chinggis Khan

Sukhbaatar`s square

Ih burkhanIh burkhan

ANIMALSANIMALSMAIN LIVESTOCKMAIN LIVESTOCK

Total 40.27 (mln)0.26 camel 2.24 horse 2.43 cattle

16.99 sheep18.35 goat.

NATIONAL CLOTHINGNATIONAL CLOTHING

Clothing is closely connected with the way of life of the Mongolian people, with the specific features of their economic system and with the natural conditions of the country.

In summer the Mongols wear a light coat or frock, the "Terleg“. In winter a sheepskin dress reminding of a fur coat, the "Tsagaan Nekhi Deel".

NATIONAL HOUSENATIONAL HOUSE GER (YURT)GER (YURT)

Portable housing, tents of nomads Skeletion of Ger

IN NATIONAL HOUSEIN NATIONAL HOUSE

AlphabetAlphabet

МОНГОЛ

Cyrillic/This is Mongolian Cyrillic script/Many alphabets have been devised for the Mongolian language over the centuries, and from a variety of scripts. The oldest, called simply the Mongolian script, has been the predominant script during most of Mongolian history, and is still in active use. In the 20th century, Mongolia first switched to the Latin script, and then almost immediately replaced it with the Cyrillic script for compatibility with the Soviet Union, its political ally of the time. It was introduced in the 1940s and has been in use as the official writing system of Mongolia ever since

NATIONAL SPORTSNATIONAL SPORTSNAADAM FESTIVALNAADAM FESTIVAL

After 1921, the Naadam Festival became an official celebration of the National Revolution's victory. During the holiday (11-13 July) 3 kinds of traditional sport events took place. 1. Wrestling 2. Horse racing 3. Archery

Wrestling Wrestling Mongolian wrestling is kind of freestyle wrestling and judo. But rule is different. Two people wrestling together. Who is first fall? if someone would be fallen, he lost.

INTERNATIONAL SPORT-SUMOINTERNATIONAL SPORT-SUMO Mongolia's traditional wrestlers have made the transition to

Japanese sumo wrestling with great success.

Yokozuna Hakuho Height:192.0cm Weight:154.0kg

Yokozuna Asashoryu Height:184.0cm Weight:147.0kg

Ozeki Harumafuji Height:185.0cm Weight:128.5kg

Tuvshinbayar, a Mongolian traditional wrestler and judo wrestler,he won 100kg judo gold medal in 2008 summer Olympic, silver medal in 2012 summer Olympic. however he has only reached "Ulsiin Khartsaga" which is the 8th highest title in Mongolian wrestling. 

The World Best Judo

Jugderdemidiin GurragchaaJugderdemidiin Gurragchaa

spaceman  

Climate is extreme continental, warm rainy summers from +20 to +40 C and extremely cold winter from -20 to –40 C with four seasons a year: spring, summer, autumn and winter.

Sharp seasonalfluctuations and variations.

Average annual precipitation is 200-300 mm.

CLIMATECLIMATE

ClimateClimate

WinterWinter

SpringSpring

SummerSummer

AutumnAutumn

MONGOLIA - FACTSMONGOLIA - FACTS

• The highest point is Huitnii Orgil - 4374m

• The lowest point is Khukh Nuurs Khotgor - 518m

• Average altitude of 1580m above the sea level

• The largest lake is Uvs -3350 sq.km

• The longest river is Selenge -992km

• The most pure lake in the world is -Khovsgol

NATIONAL FOODSNATIONAL FOODS

• Meal – Horhog, Buuz, Huushuur, bansh, bantan (soup)

• Alcohols – Nermel, airag (mare's milk)

• Milk products – Tarag, eezgii, aaruul, urum and others

Over the years, Mongolian nomads have developed a number of unique dairy products “white food” (tsagaan idee), which include different types of yoghurt, cottage cheese, dried curds, and fermented mare’s milk. Preferably, airag is is made in autumn after the animals have eaten their full of summer grasses. It may be further distilled to produce a mongolian vodka (shimiin arkhi) – best consumed when warm and fresh.

Natural fruits in Mongolia

Strawberry

seabuckthorn

Birdcherry

Borts - БорцDried meat cut in stripes or ground to powder.

BackgroundThe long and harsh winters in Mongolia make it necessary to store sufficient food to survive, and most of that will be meat. A family will eat approximately one cow and seven or eight sheep. The source of the meat varies by region. In the Govi camel meat is available, and in the mountainous north reindeer. But particularly for Borts horse meat is also a popular option. It is said to keep people warm more than other types, which is attributed to the special fat of a yellowish color.

Prepare the BortsThe fresh meat is cut into long strips, 2-3 cm thick and 5-7 cm wide. The strips are hung on strings under the roof of the yurt, where the air is free to circulate. After about a month the meat is dry. It has turned into hard and small sticks which feel like wood and have taken on a brown color. The volume has shrunk so much that the meat of a cow now can easily fit into the stomach of the same cow. The dried Borts is broken into small pieces or ground to a coarse and fibrous powder. It is stored in a linen bag which allows contact with air. In the dry climate of mongolia, this method of storage preserves the quality of the meat over months or even years.

Mongolian MusicMongolian MusicAmong the unique contributions of Mongolia to the world's musical culture are the long songs, one of the greatest features of the Mongolian music, overtone singing and morin khuur, the horse-headed fiddle. The music of Mongolia is also rich with varieties related to the various ethnic groups.

The Mongolians are renowned for their love for music and singing. Any celebrations by the Mongolians always turn into a celebration of singing.

horse-horse-head fiddlehead fiddleMORIN HUUR  is a traditional Mongolian  bowed stringed instrument.  It is one of the most important musical instruments of the Mongol people. and is considered a symbol of the Mongolian nation.

THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION

Welcome Welcome to to Mongolia Mongolia