Students will:

Identify major breeds of chicken and minor breeds of poultry

Describe characteristics of each breed

Identify breed purpose

What purpose(s) do chickens serve?

Fowl (birds) raised on farms and used as food

High protein Low fat Economical to eat 2nd in consumption only to beef

Meat- Plymouth Rock Feathers- Peafowl Eggs- Leghorn Showing- White Crested Black Polish

Dual Purpose

Meat Purpose

Fancy/Ornamental

Table Egg Laying

Weighs: 4 lbs. to 6 lbs.

Egg Shell Color: White.

Use: An egg-type chicken.

Origin: city of Leghorn, Italy.

Characteristics: A small, noisy bird, known for being all white in color

The most numerous breed.

Standard Weight: 5 ½ lbs to 8 ½ lbs.

 Egg Shell Color: Brown

Use: Egg production, and meat (Dual Purpose)

Origin: Massachusetts and Rhode Island.

Recognized for its long wattle and head plumage

Originated in Poland

Can only see forwards and downwards

Considered ornamental/fancy

Famous for its fighting skills during the revolutionary war.

Delaware’s regiment was nicknamed “The Blue Hen Chickens”

University of Delaware’s mascot

Any breed of chicken raised specifically for meat.

Grown to specific weight and age.

Between 5-12 weeks in age.

Most common widespread goose in America is the Canadian Goose

A group of geese is called a gaggle

Large waterfowl in between a

swan and ducks.

Very heavy birds

Used for meat

Selectively bred for large size

All turkeys bred for meat must be artificially inseminated because they are so large!

Produce eggs, meat, and feathers (down feathers)

All duck breeds are descendants of wild mallard

China is top duck market

Used for meat, eggs

Normally eaten meat and bones

Wild Quail that has fed on hemlock, can be toxic to consume causing kidney failure

Flightless !!!

Birds in this group include; ostrich, emu and kiwi

Emu’s cannot walk backwards

Emu oil provides health benefits

Put your name and the date on the top.

Define the following words:PoultryDual Purpose (give breed example)

Table Egg Laying (give breed example)

Fancy/ Ornamental (give breed example)

Meat Purpose (give breed example)

BroilerGaggleRatites Turn in when finished. Due at the end of class. Please handle animals when you’re finished.

Library Project Directions:Choose a poultry breed not discussed in class. Provide a picture to the teacher (chosen from the internet) to be posted on the screen while you present.

Library Project Compile a profile of your bird. Include:

OriginColor characteristics Average SizePurpose Product from or by the animal Fun Fact

Please Follow along with your worksheet provided it will be

collected at the end of class for a grade worth 10 points

Label the major parts of poultry anatomy

Explain the purpose of specific anatomical differences in digestion anatomy.

Discuss the general reproductive anatomy of a hen.

What are 2 differences between human anatomy and poultry anatomy? Do these differences hold a purpose?

What do you call a mature male?

RoosterWhat do you call a mature female?

HenWhat do you call a young female?

Pullet

What do you call a castrated male?

CaponChickens [Hatch]What is the incubation period?

21 days

Put the date under yesterday’s words.

Define the following words:Spurs Primary FeathersCrop GizzardCloacaTurn in when finished. Due at the end of class.

Egg hatching Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYLm3SK_vRE

Label the basic anatomical parts of the egg, and reproductive system of the hen

Explain the process of gestation within the egg.

Discuss the process of fertilization and egg development.

Understand the importance and purpose of gestation.

Define the process of incubation and its importance.

How do embryos change from fertilization to hatching? (list three main ideas)

Egg- the female germ cell. The egg becomes the embryo.

Avian egg- bird eggs.

It includes the following:ShellShell membranesAlbumenYolk

Together they protect and nourish.

1.Ovulation- release of mature yolk from the ovary.

2.Infundibulum- receives the yolk, about 15 minutes spent.

3.Yolk moves into magnum 50% of albumen is added. Takes 3 hours.

4.Spends 1.5 hours in the Isthmus. Shell membranes added.

5. Total process takes about 24 hours

1. Shell- hard outer surface; calcium1. Shell has

pores to allow loss of CO2, moisture.

2. Shell membranes- there are two one next to the shell, and surrounding albumen, yolk.a. Known as Inner

and Outer Membrane

3. Air Cell- air space between two shell membranes.

4. Albumen- egg white.

5. Yolk- true egg, if fertilized become embryo.

Artificially keeping an egg warm until hatching.

Done in an incubator- artificially heated container.

The incubator must be kept at a certain temperature range 99 to 103 F.

Eggs must be turned while incubating-Why do we turn eggs during incubation??

-Temperature = 92-95 degrees under light, 70-75 deg in house

-Decrease temp. 5 degrees / week until 60 degrees

-Teach how to drink right away

-If chicks are huddled together under light = too cold

-If none are under light = too hot

-Should be scattered

How does the yolk sac change throughout gestation?

Pg. 78, true or false, fill in the blanks and discussion questions.

Put the date under yesterday’s words.

Define the following words:OvumAlbumenGestation Yolk Sac IncubationTurn in when finished. Due at the end of class.

What do you see in this picture? What is happening?

Give one difference between the mammal and the avian fertilization process.

Young develop outside the mother (hen)

1. Male places sperm in oviduct of female

2. Male papillae places sperm in the cloacal wall of female

3. Sperm move up the oviduct to the funnel where the egg is fertilized

4. Sperm cells remain in oviduct 2-3 weeks after mating

5. Sperm have full fertilizing ability for about 6 days

6. After then - ability of sperm to fertilize egg is decreased

7. After yolk is fertilized it moves through the tract where the rest of the egg is added

8. Egg is laid - embryo grows inside the shell

1. Draw the fertilization process of chickens in your groups.

- Include amount of time the sperm takes to travel through the system.

-Include all 8 steps.Be CREATIVE! For example, make a cartoon or skit !

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyHNfyL2ruQ

Describe required management practices and their purpose in poultry health.

Evaluate basic parts of poultry nutrition.

Define vaccinations and their purpose within the poultry industry.

If you were raising chickens, what types of housing, nutrition, or other needs would you have to meet to make your animals happy and healthy?

-Order chicks early-Only order what you can house

-Space requirements:10 square inches / chick under light

25 square inches / chick house space

-Chicks shouldn’t be allowed to get more than 3 ft away from light

Requirements:

Heaters Thermometers Humidity Watering system

Feeding system

Litter Alarm systems Standby equipment

Debeaking: remove 1/3 of the top beak and a small part of the bottom (prevent cannibalism)at 6-8 days old

Vaccinate (hatchery can do this)

Lighting: birds naturally reproduce in spring, simulate spring, chickens molt (shed feathers) production increases

Water: MOST IMPORTANT nutrient

Protein Carbohydrates Fats Minerals Vitamins Feed Additives:Marigold

Marek’s Disease: vaccine given in ovo Symptoms include : paralysis , blindness, gasping Infectious bronchitis: caused by a virus. Prevented through vaccination Symptoms include gasping, decreased feed intake, soft egg shells

Security measures taken to prevent the spread of disease

Define the following words:Litter Marek’s disease Vaccination Biosecurity

Infectious Bronchitis Turn in when finished. Due at the end of class.

What type of management practices do you think are used in this photo?

Define vertical integration.

Label major parts of the poultry industry.

Summarize the main processes in poultry product production.

How does vertical integration help chicken producers?

Collect eggs 2-3 times per day (if hot)

Wash eggs immediately in warm water

Refrigerate & keep away from onions & mold

Production Goal: 4 lbs feed / dozen eggs

Hens produce 7 eggs / 10 days

Over 90% of eggs produced are by layers in cages.

The most common grouping is four hens per cage.

Some layers produce brown eggs and some produce white eggs.

-Most eggs sold in the U.S. are white.

-In commercial operations, lighting is used to stimulate the hormonal activity of the hens to increase their production of eggs.

-They produce eggs naturally when the days are longer than the nights.

-Most operations allow 14 - 15 hours of light per day

-Eggs are coated with a thin coat of mineral oil to prevent carbon dioxide from escaping from within the egg.

-Eggs are graded according to size and checked for cracks and interior spots by candling.

Don’t keep in cages (weak bones & bruise easily)

Keep light on at night (prevent cannibalism)

Market at 4 1/2 lbs for males, 3 1/2 lbs for females (about 8 weeks)

2.1 lbs feed / lb of gain

Most are white

Colored birds have pigmentation spots in their skin which is undesirable to the consumer

Kept to certain age, based on weight

ALL IN ALL OUT

All birds are hatched at same time

Grow together at same general rate

All sent to slaughter at same time

Entire house disinfected and cleanedNew “generation” brought in

Definition: Several steps in production, from raw materials to final product, are controlled by company or owner.

ACTIVITY Draw on a poster with your group a representation on vertical integration.

Label each segment (grain mill, slaughter house etc)

Primary Processing

Secondary Processing

Agronomy Sales Shift supervisor Seed Production Grain Operations Farm Marketer Feed Mill Manager Plant Manager Waste Water

SupervisorBarn Supervisor

www.mrpoultry.com/opportunities.html

Define the following words:Vertical Integration Primary Processing (give an example)Secondary Processing (give an example)Turn in when finished. Due at the end of class.

Modern Livestock & Poultry Production 5th Edition. By James Gillespie.

Oklahoma State University- Animal Science department.

http://www.ca.uky.edu/agripedia