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“RPAS for European Border Surveillance”

JRC UNOSAT - Unmanned Aerial Systems for Rapid MappingGeneva, Switzerland

Piotr MALINOWSKIZdravko KOLEVFRONTEX

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◊ Frontex mission

◊ Development of a EUROSUR

◊ Challenges for European border surveillance

◊ Possible roles for RPAS

◊ Conclusions

OUTLINE

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FRONTEX

• EU agency – ”to coordinate activities related to border management”

• Independant legal body with management board of MS ’border chiefs’

• 298 staff and growing• Operational in Warsaw since Oct. 05

Council Regulation (EC) 2007/2004/ (26.10.2004, OJ L 349/25.11.2004)

Mission”While considering that the responsibility for the control and surveillance of external borders lies with the Member States, the Agency shall facilitate and render more effective the application of existing and future Community measures relating to the management of external borders.”

“…contributing to an efficient, high and uniform level of control on persons and surveillance of the external borders…”

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FRONTEXStructure

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Frontex Research and DevelopmentMission

“Follow up on developments in research relevant for the control and surveillance of external borders and disseminate this information to the Commission and the Member States.”

ResearchCommunity

Border GuardsMS Authorities

Commission

FRONTEX R&DAssessment

and translation

Input from Researchand Technology

Potential Capabilities

User NeedsRequirements

User needsEU Research Programmes

LINK BETWEEN RESEARCHERS AND USERS AND INDUSTRY

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END-USER NEEDS

◊ Platforms and sensors for the collection of data and information

◊ 24/7 all weather surveillance border and pre-frontier◊ Platforms and sensors to facilitate interception◊ Systems to exchange information◊ Systems to exploit the information and react quickly

to evolving threats

All the above: Affordable and Integrable

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Current main challenge: Detection & tracking of small boats, used for cross-border crime & irregular migration

241 search and rescue cases and 23,192 lives saved fromFrontex coordinated assets were involved in saving 64 persons per day.

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EUROSUR

Node

National Coordination Centre (NCC)

• All relevant authorities

• National Situational Picture

• Reaction capability

Node

Node Node

Node

Node

Node

Frontex• Common

surveillance means• European

Situational Picture (ESP)

• Common Pre-frontier Intelligence Picture (CPIP)

SYSTEM OF

SYSTEMS TO

PROVIDE

SITUATIONAL

AWARENESS OF

BORDER AREAS –

DG JLS/HOME

Communication in

Feb 2008, Roadmap

with 3 phases and 8

steps

Legislative Proposal

by Dec11 aiming to

make EUROSUR

operational in 2013

- COM(2011) 873

final, 12/12/2011:

EUROSUR regulation

proposal

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EUROSUR The Network project“…to create a persistent connection between a number of National Coordination Centres of IT, FI, FR, PL, SP, SL and Frontex, using a fully extensible information sharing system,which supports secure „information trade‟ between connected National Coordination Centres and Frontex.”

NCC LocalSystem

NCC LocalSystem

NCC LocalSystem

NCC LocalSystem

NCC LocalSystem

NCC LocalSystem

NCC LocalSystem

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Support to planning of joint operations Identification and monitoring of long range

migration routes Topographic information updatingAnalysis(border vulnerability and

permeability, cross country mobility, economical situation of MS, etc)

Evaluate the easiness of walking in specific terrain and time needed to cross specific distance

Identification of the areas that can be reach by walking person in definite

periods of time

RPAS for Rapid Mapping

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Satellites and RPA for border surveillance• Satellites with imaging

radar (SAR) or optical sensors are useful for intelligence gathering, but not for real time tracking

• RPA have potential but must prove :

◊cost effectiveness compared to manned flights

◊integration into normal airspace

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PRAS - rolesSEA SURVEILLANCE MISSION

◊ wide area surveillance◊ detection at longer distances◊ detection of smaller vessels, fast vessels (speedboats) ◊ reconnaissance missions to coastline spots◊ identification of suspicious objects◊ SAR missions

◊ all weather and day/night conditions◊ long endurance, speed and altitude adaptability

◊ providing real- and near real- time operational data◊ integration with other existing surveillance networks (radars,

satellite .. )◊ share/operate PRAS synthesize operational information, ◊ efficiency and costs

◊ radar sensors, optical sensors or possibly imaging radar. ◊ AIS, SIGINT

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PRAS - rolesLAND SURVEILLANCE MISSION

◊ detection of human presence and vehicles at the borders◊ all weather and day/night conditions◊ different lengths of the border to deal with◊ different topographical / climate characteristics

◊ providing real- and near real- time operational data◊ integration with other existing surveillance networks

(radars, satellite .. )

◊ optical sensors (EO/FLIR HD)

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PATRIA ”MASS”LIVE DEMO

SELEX ”ASIO” + HYDRA”SENSORINTEGRATION”LIVE DEMO

SIM SKYEYE”+ QUATTRO VIDEOTRANSMISSION SYSTEM

RAFAEL ”ORBITER” LIVE DEMO + AERONAUTICS AEROSTAT SYSTEM, NOTLIVE DEMO

”LIVE VIDEO FROM MOBILETO MOBILE OVER IP”,AHORTEC LTD LIVE DEMO

Demonstration of mini RPA and Aerostats Workshops «RPA and Land Border Surveillance»2009 & 2010 Imatra, Finland

AERONAUTICS SKYSTAR 180 Tactical aerostatAll weather conditions

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RPAS Demonstration sessions Aktio and Istres 2011

HERON 1

PATROLLER

FULMAR

AKTIO, GREECE

SkyLite

OPA

ISTRES, FRANCE

DA-42 with EO/IR

PUMA AE + Remote Video Terminal (RVT)

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Mission planning

Mission Execution LOS BLOS

Portal based GIS viewer

Lite Situational Awareness & Video

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RPAS Workshop and Demonstration II(20 - 21 October 2011, Istres, France)

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Conclusions

●Frontex works closely with the Commission and MSs in the development of EUROSUR

●RPAS could play a significant role in EUROSUR

RPAS do not replace manned aviation, but make it possible to accomplish missions that would not be possible with manned aircraft (long and very long endurance).

●RPAs have potential• Maritime surveillance• Long range and long endurance• Land

●RPAs need to prove• Usefulness (legal / insertion into civil airspace)• Cost-effectiveness

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